Petersburg University Research Articles

The Academy of Sciences and St. Petersburg University: Towards the History of Their Joint Jubilee

The Academy of Sciences and St. Petersburg University: Towards the History of Their Joint Jubilee

Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843-1923): becoming a scientist

Introduction. In 2023, Russian science celebrated the 140th anniversary of the birth of D.N. Anuchin, a scientist-encyclopedist and prominent specialist in the fields of anthropology, ethnology, geography, archaeology, and a promoter and popularizer of science. Materials and methods. Literary sources were used. Analytical and chronological research methods were applied in the study. Results and discussion. The section "Childhood and Youth" provides information about the scientist's life, his parents, wife, and children. D.N. received a good home education and entered the second grade of a gymnasium. In 1860, he enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology at St. Petersburg University. Due to illness in 1861, he had to interrupt his studies and travel abroad for treatment. In 1863, Anuchin entered the Natural Sciences Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University, specializing in zoology. The section "Young Specialist" is dedicated to Anuchin's life in the first years after graduating from university. It was only in 1871 that Anuchin was elected to the position of scientific secretary of the Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants. This period marks the first scientific publications by Anuchin in the collections "Nature." In 1876, his first major anthropological monograph on the Ainu people was published. In late 1876, D.N. was sent abroad by the university to prepare for the establishment of a new chair in anthropology. The section "Formation of Scientific Interests" shows how Anuchin's scientific interests were shaped, as the author of about 600 works on ethnic anthropology, anthropogenesis, paleontology, ethnography, primitive archaeology, physical geography, country studies, and the history of science. In the next article, the authors plan to examine D.N. Anuchin's scientific and organizational activities.

Internet-communications of student youth: Aspects of network identity construction (on the example of freshmen students of St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics)

Internet-communications of student youth: Aspects of network identity construction (on the example of freshmen students of St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics)

Review of Research on the Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations at St. Petersburg University. II. Locally Qualitative Analysis of Essentially Nonlinear Systems

Review of Research on the Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations at St. Petersburg University. II. Locally Qualitative Analysis of Essentially Nonlinear Systems

Л. П. Карсавин и В. Н. Лосский: экклесиологические параллели

Research literature often speaks of the influence of L.P. Karsavin’s ideas on V.N. Lossky, since the latter listened to the philosopher’s lectures at St. Petersburg University. This influence is mentioned by such authors as R. Williams, S.S. Khoruzhy, Prot. G. Florovsky, S. N. Nikitina and others. However, they all focus primarily on two points: the significance of Filioque in the development of Western civilization and the concept of personality. Hence the ecclesiological aspect in the heritage of both authors, which is certainly very important, remains beyond the scope of consideration. It is connected primarily with the question whether the administrative structure of the Church can be determined by its mystical life and, thus, whether it can have not a historically temporal and relative, but an existential significance. V. N. Lossky first poses this question in “The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church”, and gives the answer in his post-war works, first of all in the articles published in the new series of “Herald Of the Russian Patriarchal Exarchate” 1950: “Temptations of Church Consciousness " and "On the third property of the Church." They formulate the idea of “apostolic circles” of the hierarchy, which can be realized at the level of both the universal and the local Church, equally preserving their catholicity and, thus, being a reflection of the Divine Trinity. Based on the ideas of Joseph de Maistre, A. S. Khomyakov and V. S. Solovyov, Karsavin developed his concept of “symphonic personality” in the 1920s. According to Karsavin, the Church is also a “symphonic personality”. The symphonic personalities of local churches, being a part of the symphonic personality of the universal Church, at the same time possess its fullness. A comparison of these concepts allows us to come to the conclusion that V.N. Lossky in one way or another used the ideas of his teacher, transferring them from the philosophical to the theological horizon.

Digital Platforms in the Focus of National Law

The paper contains an overview of the research workshop Digital platforms: new environment for collaboration at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Federal Government (ILCL) on 23 April 2024, and findings of the expert survey Digital platforms in the focus of national law. Presentations by participants were systematized by the authors of the overview around the most relevant subjects related to digital platform operations: general issues of digital platform regulation; digital platforms’ impact on human rights; digital platforms in public administration; digital platforms in private law, criminal law and specific branches. The workshop was attended by researchers representing the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russia, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Orenburg State University, Siberian Federal University, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Saint Petersburg University of the Interior Ministry, MTS Joint-Stock Company, etc. Legal themes under discussion included the legal nature of digital platforms; digital platforms’ impact on the economy, public administration, human rights and the underlying changes to their amount and content; associated risks; digital platforms and anti-trust regulation; networking effect of digital platforms; labor relations and platform employment; labor right protection and digital platforms; dangers of discrimination related to digital platforms.

Политико-правовая мысль как объект современных научных исследований

The article presents an overview of the reports of participants of scientific conferences held at the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and dedicated to its 25th anniversary, which were devoted to the development of political and legal foreign and domestic thought and indicate the awareness of the scientific community of the socio-cognitive value of historical and legal research, an increase in the number of scientific research devoted to the development of thought about the law and the state, the expansion of the subject field of retrospective research, the use of new methodological approaches to the analysis of political and legal thought.

Review of the Monograph of the Candidate of Law, Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova "Criminal Policy in the Field of Environmental Safety"; St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia St. Petersburg, 2023. 164 p.

Relevance. In the review, the author gives an assessment of the monographic research of Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova, Candidate of Law "Criminal policy in the field of environmental safety". The criminal-political and scientific-theoretical problems of responsibility for environmental crimes raised in the monograph should be identified as priorities for resolution today.The purpose: to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive scientific analysis of the monographic work submitted for review.Objectives: to assess the relevance, scientific novelty, the elaboration of the research topic, to analyze the content, the depth of the problem statement and the proposed ways out of the current situation, to evaluate, in the author's opinion, possible solutions to the tasks set, the scientific and practical significance of the results of the monographic research.Methodology. The review was based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.), private scientific and special legal methods of cognition.Results. The author of the monograph gives the concept, reveals the content and principles of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, analyzes its methods such as criminalization (decriminalization), penalization, differentiation and individualization of criminal responsibility and punishment for environmental crimes. For the first time, the global environmental problems of our time and their relationship with crime are considered at the monographic level.Conclusion. The implementation of a new paradigm of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, proposed by N. I. Kuznetsova, will contribute to the development of such very promising areas of legal science as ecocriminology; criminology of environmental protection; ecodeviantology; ecocriminogenic victimization of society (criminal eco-victimology); information ecocriminological and criminalistic technologies.

Review of Research on the Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations at St. Petersburg University. I. Stable Periodic Points of Diffeomorphisms with Homoclinic Points and Systems with Weakly Hyperbolic Invariant Sets

Review of Research on the Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations at St. Petersburg University. I. Stable Periodic Points of Diffeomorphisms with Homoclinic Points and Systems with Weakly Hyperbolic Invariant Sets

Astronomical Research at the Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, I

Astronomical Research at the Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, I

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ МВД РОССИИ

The article examines the problems of the pedagogical component of professional education in the framework of training at the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal scenario for the teacher's work aimed at professional development and self-determination, i.e. which means and methods of education, as well as organizational forms of classes, should be used in teacher–student interaction in order to achieve the set goal - the formation of a high level of development of professional and moral qualities of students. 102 cadets of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia aged from 19 to 21 years took part in the study. The sample consisted of 33 boys and 69 girls. The questionnaire consisted of 9 questions, assuming open detailed answers. The results were processed using content analysis. The cadets express their opinion on the mutual influence of the teacher-student on the learning process, noting also the personal characteristics of the students, which may hinder the perception of information, the formation of professional self-identification and the development of professionally oriented thinking, and the content component of the discipline taught. The importance of the discipline "Professional education of students in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia", according to the cadets, is due to the applied importance of the information received in the classroom, which is necessary both in future professional activities and for the formation of skills of interaction with classmates and permanent staff, as well as a more in-depth study of official etiquette and professional ethics, which is also relevant in the process of adaptation to the conditions of study in a departmental educational organization. According to the cadets, the most effective forms and methods of conducting classes are those that involve a creative approach to completing tasks, business games, watching movies, and field trips to territorial authorities.

Права человека — проблема актуального юридического и политического дискурса

The article covers the discussion held at the 20th International Scientific and Theoretical Conference “State and Law: Evolution, Modern State, Development Prospects (on the 25th Anniversary of the Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia)” (2023), held at the Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia. 433 researchers — scientists and practitioners, citizens of Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan — took part in the discussion of topical issues of modern legal science. Among the problems under discussion were questions about the development of the idea of human rights, models of human rights, features of protecting the rights and freedoms of an individual in the context of digitalization of public relations.

Юридическая наука в России: особенности современного состояния и перспективы развития

Introduction. The article describes the discussion at the 20th international scientifictheoretical conference “State and Law: Evolution, Current State, Development Prospects (to the 25th Anniversary of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia)” (2023) held at St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 433 researchers took part in the discussion of actual issues of modern legal science. These are scientists and practitioners of Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. The participants presented the views on the peculiarities of the modern stage of development of national legal science - postclassical (post-neoclassical) legal science; the importance of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity of legal research in the development of theoretical jurisprudence; updating the methodological basis of modern legal science; the dependence of the state of jurisprudence on the transformations of social reality; topical problems of legal understanding and legal regulation. Methods. The main methodological principles of the research were the principles of comprehensive study of legal processes and phenomena, integrity of theory and practice, historicism. The main methodological approaches of the research were defined as the system approach and the value approach. The last one contributed to the identification of the ideas important for the modern stage of development of legal science. The method of integrity made it possible to identify the features of the current state of legal science as a system of interrelated elements of legal knowledge and the reasons determining their change in the course of historiographical analysis. Results.The views of modern scientists on actual issues of modern jurisprudence are characterised: the specifics of the state of post-classical (postnon-classical) legal science (I. L. Chestnov); the features of the methodology of modern theoretical jurisprudence (N. V. Varlamova, M. L. Davydova, V. V. Denisenko, S. A. Kalinin, N. V. Mamchenko); the significance in the development of theoretical jurisprudence of the problem of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity (S. V. Kodan, I. A. Andreeva, E. N. Tonkov); the dependence of the state of modern theoretical jurisprudence on the instability of social reality (A. V. Skorobogatov, V. G. Zarubin, V. A. Semenov); the place of modern legal science in the disciplinary structure of social and humanitarian sciences (L. V. Denisova); structure of modern theoretical jurisprudence (V. Yu.Belsky, A. L. Zolkin, M. V. Baranova); features of legal understanding and law enforcement (R. I. Baigutlin, L. V. Karnaushenko, E. S. Zaitseva, D. A. Matantsev); organisational and legal determinants of the development of modern legal science (I. A. Goncharov, A. G. Repiev).

Внутригрупповые отношения курсантов как индикаторы социально-психологического климата на разных этапах обучения в вузе

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that assessment of intragroup relations is one of the means of studying social and psychological climate in a group; its use allows timely solving the problem of preventing conflicts and tension within the official service group, which will positively affect the quality of the service. The study objective is to identify and describe differences in the degree of manifestation of functional characteristics (positive and negative) of the cadets’ intragroup relations, as well as to establish their correlation with the favorability indicator of the social and psychological climate in the academic-service group. The study hypothesizes, firstly, that there is a correlation between the functionally positive and negative characteristics of intragroup relations and the favorability of the socio-psychological climate; secondly, that manifestation of the functional characteristics of intragroup relations, and, correspondingly, the degree of the climate favorability will be different for the cadets at different stages of studying at the university. Participants: 508 cadets of St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (St. Petersburg), including 115 cadets of the first year, 101 of the second year, 101 of the third year, 98 of the fourth and 93 cadets of the fifth year aged from 18 to 24; 107 females and 401 males. Methods (tools): “Subjective Assessment of Intragroup Relations Scale” (by S. V. Dukhnovsky, K. V. Zlokazov) aimed at identifying functional (positive and negative) characteristics of intragroup relations, the combination of which makes it possible to determine the index of the socio-psychological climate in the group, and the “Assessing the Level of Psychological Climate in the Group” Technique (by A. N. Lutoshkin) aimed at measuring the degree of the climate favorability / unfavorability. Results: it has been found out that the most favorable index of functionally positive characteristics of intragroup relations is expressed in cadets of the first and fourth years, whereas in the second, third and fifth years there is a decrease in this indicator. Moreover, the study has revealed significant correlations between the functionally positive and negative characteristics of intragroup relations with the favorability level of the climate in the group. The index of the socio- psychological climate as a ratio of the functional characteristics of intragroup relations (positive and negative) is different in the assessment of cadets at different stages of university study. It is shown that the functional characteristics of intragroup relations act as indicators of the socio–psychological climate, and their general index reflects the level of its favorability (unfavorability) in academic groups. The main conclusions. The results prove the consistency of considering the favorability index of the socio-psychological climate as an indicator of intragroup relations in academic groups. This index is an alternative to the well-known methods of the climate measurement. Practical significance: further study of intragroup relations as indicators of the socio-psychological climate will contribute to solving the problem of collaboration and compatibility of employees of internal affairs bodies, as well as issues of their individual reliability.

Theses to Agvan Dorzhiev’s Report at the First International Buddhist Exhibition Expected in 1927 in Leningrad

The publication presents for the first time the B. Baradin’s theses to A. Dorzhiev’s lecture that was supposed to be delivered at the international Buddhist exhibition in Leningrad in 1927. A. Dorzhiev was a famous Buryat lama who received the academic title of Geshe (the highest philosophical academic degree in the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism) upon completion of his philosophical education in the monasteries of Mongolia and Tibet. After 1918, he was involved in organizational issues of the Buddhist Sangha in Russia. B. Baradin was an academic scientist and public figure, a professor at St. Petersburg University, and the author of studies on the history and teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. After the revolution of 1917, he began working in Buryatia in various administrative positions, focusing on the organization of the scientific and cultural life of the Republic. Their main idea is that the modern world consists of the two equal parts - East and West, unification of which is possible and even necessary for the further development of humanity. The system-forming teaching of the East is Buddhism; and the lecture hold on those aspects of Buddhist philosophy that could be compared with the teachings of the West. Four points are highlighted: 1) Buddhism is comparable to Darwin’s theory in that both consider humans in the context of all living beings in an evolutionary manner; 2) Buddhism, like science, accepts the determinism principle; 3) the Buddhist concept of shunya is similar to the relativistic principles of physics; and 4) the system of Buddhist psychotechniques is similar to the theory of reflexology. B. Baradin concludes that Indo-Buddhist culture and European culture are complementary and their rapprochement will bring us closer to a truly universal culture. The theses mentioned here are, apparently, the first systematic exposition of the views of neo-Buddhists-renewalists on the points of convergence between Buddhist and Western cultures.

The 25th Zhebelev conference at the St. Petersburg University (Saint Petersburg, October 25–27, 2023)

The 25th Zhebelev conference at the St. Petersburg University (Saint Petersburg, October 25–27, 2023)

St. Petersburg University in the History of Training Kazakh Specialists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries

St. Petersburg University in the History of Training Kazakh Specialists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries

Simulation of records obtained from sequences of independent and non-identically distributed variables

In the present paper, we provide the density-mass functions of record times and values obtained from samples of independent and non-identically distributed random variables. By making use of these density-mass functions, we then present a record generation algorithm for the non-identical case. This algorithm was first proposed in the paper of S. A. Petukhov and A. V. Stepanov (2023) Generation of records obtained from sequences of independent and non-identically distributed random variables. Vestnik St. Petersburg University, Mathematics 56 (4):540–8 in a more complicated form. The algorithm applies the Markovian property of records, which is known in the case when the initial observations are independent and identically distributed and which extends to the non-identical case. Later in the paper, we test the proposed algorithm by conducting simulation experiments with exponential and normal variables.

Innovation management in higher education as a factor of regional economic growth

Innovation activity in higher education serves as a catalyst for economic growth at the regional level. Modern economic realities require active introduction of scientific and technological achievements in the educational process, which inevitably affects regional economic development. The increasing contribution of higher education institutions to regional economy is due to a number of factors such as education quality improvement, research activities development, and scientific developments commercialization. The Education Development State Program data, examples of the world’s leading universities and reports on the research activities of Russian universities for 2015–2022 have been analyzed, and a multi-parametric assessment of innovative projects effectiveness in higher education carried out. The study included a comparative analysis of investments in scientific research and their impact on the regional gross domestic product, as well as the analysis of scientific developments commercialization cases. Between 2015 and 2022 the amount of funding for scientific research in leading Russian universities increased by 37 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of patents by 24 % and commercially successful projects by 18 %. The examples of St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk universities show an increase in direct investment in the regions by 15 and 20 %, respectively, due to scientific developments commercialization. The study also shows that the average growth of regional gross domestic product in regions with active innovation activity in universities amounted to 5.6 % per year.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СВОЙСТВ ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА НА ВРЕМЕННУЮ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТЬ ЛИЧНОСТИ

The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the properties of temperament and the temporal orientation of personality. The purpose of the work is to identify certain temperamental properties that determine the resource attitude to the past, present and future or fixation on a certain time period. In accordance with the set goal, 114 cadets of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were examined. The group of respondents who took part in the study consisted of 56 girls and 58 boys, whose ages ranged from 17 to 20 years old. To achieve these goals, we used the following methods: the VT questionnaire (questionnaire of temperament properties, author L.V. Kulikov) and the questionnaire "Subjective assessment of temporal orientation" (author S.V. Duhnovsky). Statistical processing was carried out using the analysis of averages, correlation and multiple regression analysis using the computer program for statistical data processing SPSS27. Statistica. It is revealed that the temporal orientation of the subjects of the study is determined by such temperamental properties as "energy", "emotionality" and "rigidity". The analysis of differences in temperament properties between cadets with fixation on a certain time period and cadets with a resource-based time orientation is carried out. The temperamental characteristics inherent in persons with different temporal orientation are described. The question is raised about the actualization of the formulation of official and educational tasks, taking into account the temperamental and temporal characteristics of the personality. The prospects for further research are to clarify information about the influence of mechanisms for reflecting individual characteristics of the personality psyche in temporality.