Pesticides Carbendazim Research Articles

Effects of the pesticide carbendazim on broiler chicken health and carbendazim residue levels in broiler tissues.

Pesticide residues may enter the human body through the food chain when livestock and poultry consume pesticide-contaminated feed. Therefore, monitoring and limiting pesticide residues in animal feed and animal-origin foods is necessary. Carbendazim is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in food and feed and has various toxic effects on non-target animals. This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of carbendazim contamination in feed on broiler chicken growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, histopathology, and carbendazim residues in broiler muscles and livers. The results demonstrated that contamination of 5-100mg/kg carbendazim in feed did not affect broiler growth performance or health. Carbendazim contamination in feed at 200-800mg/kg slightly reduced growth performance. Broiler kidneys showed minor histopathological alterations after 400mg/kg carbendazim exposure. Furthermore, when the carbendazim content in feed was less than 25mg/kg, the residual carbendazim in the muscles and livers of broilers did not exceed the maximum residue level set by the European Union and China. Based on the above findings, carbendazim residues in the feed of less than 25mg/kg can be considered safe for chicken products.

Biocompatible InP/ZnSeS quantum dots/MXene composite as highly sensitive electrochemical sensors for carbendazim pesticide

In this study, we prepared InP/ZnSeS QDs anchored on MXene hybrid composite (IZQ-MX) for precise electrochemical sensing of carbendazim (CBZ) pesticide in food and environmental samples. The resulting electrochemical detection of CBZ exhibited a wide linear range of 0.019–527.6 μM, with a low detection limit of 14.59 nM and high sensitivity of 9.9026 µA·µM−1·cm−2. The environmental safety of IZQ-MX composite was further studied using in-vitro and in-vivo model. In L929 cells, exposure to IZQ-MX (0–100 nM) did not induce any significant change in cell viability, intracellular ROS generation and morphological changes. The exposure to IZQ-MX (0–200 nM) in C. elegans has also no significant change in primary and secondary endpoints of nematodes, neuronal development, DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf-2 transcription factors regulating the antioxidant genes. Environmental safety assessment of the IZQ-MX composite was performed using in-vitro and in-vivo models which demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. This work demonstrated the potential of IZQ-MX as significant electrocatalyst in sensitive and selective detection of CBZ for practical applications.

Use of a fast toxicity test to determine whether carbendazim, fipronil, and sulfentrazone and their mixtures affect early zebrafish embryonic development

Because of the exacerbated use of pesticides and their mixtures, and the difficulty of evaluating their toxicity, it is necessary to identify sensitive tools for the early detection of potential environmental risks related to the use of these chemicals. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the effects of these chemicals using a rapid 24 h toxicity test in zebrafish embryos. After exposure of individual and mixtures of the pesticides carbendazim (carb), fipronil (fipr), and sulfentrazone (sulf), the lethality and sublethally at 24 hpf, the effects of the mixtures on epiboly and on coagulation of the embryos at 8 hpf were evaluated. This model can be extrapolated to several vertebrate groups, including humans. All three pesticides were toxic in both exposure periods, at 24 hpf, all concentrations used affected the embryos, with lethal and sublethal effects occurring. At 8 hpf, epiboly analysis indicated that the mixtures did not potentiate the effects compared to the pesticides alone, being toxic in the order: carb > sulf > fipr > fipr + sulf > carb + sulf > carb + fipr + sulf > carb + fipr + sulf > carb + fipr. We conclude that the most toxic pesticide was sulfentrazone, since it was highly toxic to embryonic development at 24 hpf and caused both delayed epiboly and high percent clotting at 8 hpf. Thus, we see that the rapid toxicity test was effective in assessing the toxicity of pesticides and was sensitive in assessing the effects of pesticides at low concentrations. Keywords: epiboly, pesticides, teratogenicity.

Design and Fabrication of a Biomimetic Smart Material for Electrochemical Detection of Carbendazim Pesticides in Real Samples with Enhanced Selectivity.

Agricultural products are vitally important for sustaining life on earth and their production has notably grown over the years worldwide in general and in Brazil particularly. Elevating agricultural practices consequently leads to a proportionate increase in the usage of pesticides that are crucially important for enhanced crop yield and protection. These compounds have been employed excessively in alarming concentrations, causing the contamination of soil, water, and air. Additionally, they pose serious threats to human health. The current study introduces an innovative tool for producing appropriate materials coupled with an electrochemical sensor designed to measure carbendazim levels. The sensor is developed using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) mounted on a glassy carbon electrode. This electrode is equipped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for improved performance. The combined system demonstrates promising potential for accurately quantifying carbendazim. The morphological characteristics of the synthesized materials were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) technique. The analytical curve was drawn using the electrochemical method in the range of 2 to 20 ppm while for HPLC 2-12 ppm; the results are presented as the maximum adsorption capacity of the MIP (82.4%) when compared with NIP (41%) using the HPLC method. The analysis conducted using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) yielded a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 ppm and a repeatability of 5.08% (n = 10). The results obtained from the analysis of selectivity demonstrated that the proposed electrochemical sensor is remarkably efficient for the quantitative assessment of carbendazim, even in the presence of another interferent. The sensor was successfully tested for river water samples for carbendazim detection, and recovery rates ranging from 94 to 101% were obtained for HPLC and 94 to 104% for the electrochemical method. The results obtained show that the proposed electrochemical technique is viable for the application and quantitative determination of carbendazim in any medium.

Fluorescence spectroscopy detection of carbendazim residue in cucumber juice based on BC

Excessive residues of the carbendazim pesticide in food will cause food safety issues. Particularly, cucumber is one of the common vegetables with carbendazim residues. This study, using fluorescence spectroscopy technology, explored the residues of carbendazim in cucumbers. First, a fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to scan and obtain the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of carbendazim standard and four carbendazim formulations. Analyzing and comparing their respective fluorescence characteristics, fluorescence peak 1: Ex/Em=245/300–320 nm and fluorescence peak 2: Ex/Em=280/300–320 nm have been identified as the fluorescence characteristic peaks of carbendazim, and the optimal excitation wavelengths Ex=245 nm and Ex=280 nm with carbendazim specificity was screened. Subsequently, two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on the carbendazim and cucumber-carbendazim mixed solutions using the optimal excitation wavelength. In order to obtain more effective two-dimensional spectral data, the original fluorescence spectrum of the cucumber-carbendazim mixed solution was subjected to Blank Correction (BC), significantly reducing the impact of cucumber's own fluorescent characteristics on the carbendazim fluorescent peak in the mixed solution. Polynomial models and linear prediction models were developed based on the concentration of carbendazim and the fluorescence peak intensity values obtained after BC. The detection limit value of carbendazim residues in the cucumber-carbendazim mixed system included the maximum pesticide residue limit specified by national food safety regulations. This research provides valuable data and technical support for efficient detection of pesticide residues in cucumbers.

Cosmopolitan honey bee, Apis mellifera, as quick and efficient marker of pesticide pollution in environment through RP-HPLC.

Pesticides are extremely hazardous to human health as well as various kinds of non-target organisms. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is not only a dominant pollinator, but also a good indicator of pesticide residue and pollutants in the environment. At the time of sample collection in each village, the surrounding flora was Triticum aestivum and Brassica species. The area chosen for this study covered only 15% of the land in the state of Punjab, but pesticide consumption was approximately 75% of the state consumption. Pesticides in the collected samples (from six districts) were analyzed using RP-HPLC chromatography.The chemical methoxychlor (MC) was not found in any of the six villages' honey samples; however, spiromesifen (n = 5) and aldicarb (n = 5) were the most prevalent chemicals and were found in every honey sample. The pesticides carbendazim (n = 1) and parathion methyl (n = 1) were found only in Behman (longitude 29.9224° N and latitude 75.1137° E), and Malumazra (longitude 30.2468° N and latitude 75.8500° E). The carbofuran (n = 3) was discovered in Talwandi Sabo (longitude 29.984° N and latitude 75.8500° E), Himmatpura (longitude 30.5289° N and latitude 75.3616° E), and Malumazra, while atrazine (n = 4) was discovered in all except Malumazra. Three identical pesticides were observed in Chukrian (longitude 29.9759° N and latitude 75.4476° E) and Singo (longitude 29.9092° N and latitude 75.1589° E) indicating the same pesticides used in these villages. The given study gives a summary model to use A. mellifera as a quick monitoring bioindicator of the environment. This model helps to maintain a pesticide or pollutant database of selected areas for regular monitoring of the surrounding environment.

Electrochemical Determination of Carbendazim Based on In2S3 Nanotubes

AbstractPesticide residue is one of the main concerns in human health and environmental safety. A label‐free electrochemical sensor for carbendazim detection based on In2S3 hollow nanotubes is presented. The MOF‐derived In2S3 possessed a porous structure and excellent electrical conductivity properties, leading to the strong affinity to carbendazim pesticide. Under optimized conditions, this sensor exhibited a linear response from 5 to 80 μM and was used to determine carbendazim in the orange juice extract samples, which possesses satisfactory accuracy. Therefore, the method provides broad prospects for rapid and reliable detection of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples.

Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Platform for the Immobilization of Amino-Cyclodextrins.

In the present work, we reported on a method to combine amino β-cyclodextrins (CD1) with reduced graphene oxide (obtained by the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide, erGO) to produce a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE). This procedure avoids the use of organic solvents such as hydrazine or long reaction times and high temperatures. The material combining both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE) was characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, Raman, XPS, and electrochemical techniques. As proof-of-concept, the determination of the pesticide carbendazim was carried out. The spectroscopic measurements, especially XPS, proved that CD1 was covalently attached to the surface of the erGO/GCE electrode. The attachment of cyclodextrin at the reduced graphene oxide produced an increase in the electrochemical behavior of the electrode. The cyclodextrin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide, CD1-erGO/GCE, showed a larger sensitivity (1.01 μA/μM) and a lower limit of detection for carbendazim (LOD = 0.50 μM) compared with the non-functionalized material, erGO/GCE, (sensitivity = 0.63 μA/μM and LOD = 4.32 μM, respectively). Overall, the results of the present work show that this simple method is suitable to attach cyclodextrins to graphene oxide, maintaining their inclusion abilities.

Natural soils in OECD 222 testing — influence of soil water and soil properties on earthworm reproduction toxicity of carbendazim

Soil sorption properties can influence the bioavailability of substances and consequently the toxicity for soil organisms. Current standardised laboratory testing for the exposure assessment of pesticides to soil organisms uses OECD artificial soil that does not reflect the high variation in chemical-physical soil properties found in natural agroecosystems. According to guideline OECD 222, earthworm reproduction tests with Eisenia fetida and the pesticide carbendazim were performed in four natural soils and OECD artificial soil. By using pF 1.6, which ensures a uniformity in actual soil water availability, the control reproduction performance of E. fetida in all natural soils was at the same level as OECD artificial soil. In a principle component analysis, the variation in toxicity between the tested soils was attributable to a combination of two soil properties, namely total organic carbon content (TOC) and pH. The largest difference of 4.9-fold was found between the typical agricultural Luvisol with 1.03% TOC and pH 6.2 (EC10: 0.17 (0.12–0.21) mg a.i. kg−1 sdw, EC50: 0.36 (0.31–0.40) mg a.i. kg−1 sdw) and OECD artificial soil with 4.11% TOC and pH 5.6 (EC10: 0.84 (0.72–0.92) mg a.i. kg−1 sdw, EC50: 1.07 (0.99–1.15) mg a.i. kg−1 sdw). The use of typical agricultural soils in standardised laboratory earthworm testing was successfully established with using the measure pF for soil moisture adjustment. It provides a more application-oriented approach and could serve as a new tool to refine the environmental risk assessment at lower tier testing or in an intermediate tier based approach.

Core-shell Au@ZIF-67-based pollutant monitoring of thiram and carbendazim pesticides

A sensitive and stable substrate plays a vital role in the Raman spectroscopic techniques as an analytical method for detecting pesticides effectively from the environment. Enhancing signals from nanoparticles are weak and inconsistent in repeatability since analytes tend to degrade quickly under laser exposure. Herein, a novel substrate of Au@ZIF-67 is prepared on octahedral AuNPs by trapping pesticide molecules with small three-dimensional volumes by the flexibility of ZIF-67 for rapid detection with high sensitivity and stability. The two types of thiram and carbendazim pesticides, which are environmental pollutants that affect biodiversity, were successfully absorbed in Au@ZIF-67 nanostructures by adsorption-desorption equilibrium for analytical purposes in Raman spectroscopy. Spectra calculations of the thiram and carbendazim molecules on 8 atoms of Au using DFT were compared with the experimental data. The SERS enhancement factors for thiram and carbendazim were estimated to be 1.91 × 108 and 3.12 × 108, respectively, with the LOD values of trace amounts of ∼10−10 mol L−1. The novel substrate of Au@ZIF-67 is a propitious platform for detecting thiram and carbendazim in trace amounts, providing a helpful strategy for detecting residues with high performance in the environment at the laboratory and practical scales.

Challenges in surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of pesticide carbendazim and ways to overcome

Considerable details in the sampling procedure for the detection of the pesticide carbendazim by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were developed. Experimental parameters and recommendations were selected to minimize side processes of carbendazim photodestruction as well as to reduce the background signal from the silver substrate. It was found from the comparison of experimental and density functional theory calculations data that the position of the SERS bands in the carbendazim spectrum depends on the nature of the applied solvent due to different orientations of carbendazim with respect to the surface of silver nanoparticle film. Adsorption from a chloroform solution is preferable to form an aqueous solution for SERS because random adsorption of molecules on a silver surface provides robust carbendazim identification, displaying a larger number of bands in the SERS spectrum, a higher “signal-to-noise” ratio, and then the processes of carbendazim photodestruction slow down.

A sensitive silver nanoflower-based SERS sensor coupled novel chemometric models for simultaneous detection of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim in food

In this study, a simultaneous detection platform utilizing SERS coupled chemometric models was developed to sensitively detect chlorpyrifos and carbendazim pesticides in rice in a single step for the first time. Initially, silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) were synthesized and used as the SERS substrate to acquire the spectra of pesticides. AgNFs have multiple chinks on their surface that can generate strong electromagnetic enhancement for SERS signal of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim. To obtain effective variables from the dataset, a novel wavelength selection method called interval combination population analysis (ICPA) was used. The ICPA-partially least square (ICPA-PLS) method showed a significant linear relationship over the concentration range of 0.01–1000 μg/mL for both pesticides when compared to other established chemometric methods. This model, yielded correlation coefficients in the calibration of 0.9802 and 0.9995, with an RPD of 3.74 and 7.8 for chlorpyrifos and carbendazim, respectively. A limit of detection of 0.01 μg/mL was determined using PCA analysis. Finally, the method was compared to HPLC, and the results revealed no significant differences (t < t0.05 (3),P>0.05) between two methods, implying that the proposed method could be used for food safety monitoring.

Tunable multiplexed fluorescence biosensing platform for simultaneous and selective detection of paraquat and carbendazim pesticides

The monitoring of multiple pesticides commonly used in food is a prerequisite for public health safety. Herein, a multiplexed biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)to single black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) was successfully developed for simultaneous and selective detection of paraquat and carbendazim pesticides. Due to the strong π-π stacking interactions, aptamers functionalized UCNPs may adsorb on the BPNSs surface, allowing strong upconversion fluorescence quenching. In the presence of paraquat and carbendazim, the aptamers preferentially integrated with their corresponding targets and altered the aptamer’s conformation, restoring the fluorescence. An excellent linear correlation was observed from 1.0 to 1.0 × 105 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/mL for paraquat and 0.45 ng/mL for carbendazim. The developed aptasensor was further validated by commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays without significant differences in practical detection. Additionally, this work offers new insights into monitoring multiple targets simultaneously.

Degradation of carbendazim in aqueous solution by different settings of photochemical and electrochemical oxidation processes

The present study analyzed the performance of photochemical and electrochemical techniques in the degradation and mineralization of the pesticide carbendazim (CBZ). Direct photolysis (DP), heterogeneous photocatalysis (HP), photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), and electrochemical oxidation (EO) were tested, and the influence of UV radiation, current density (j), and supporting electrolyte concentration were evaluated. The results suggest that CBZ is only degraded by DP when UV-C254nm is used. For HP, the CBZ degradation was observed both when UV-A365nm or UV-C254nm were used, which is related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by the photocatalytic activity (photon-ROS). Neither DP nor HP were able to mineralize CBZ, demonstrating its resistance to photomediated processes. For EO, regardless of the j, there were higher CBZ degradation and mineralization than those observed when using DP and HP. The increase in the supporting electrolyte concentration (Na2SO4) did not affect the levels of degradation and mineralization of CBZ. Concerning the PEC, a CBZ mineralization of 52.2% was accomplished. These findings demonstrate that the EO is the main pathway for CBZ mineralization, suggesting an additional effect of the electro-ROS on the photon-ROS and UV-C254nm. The values of mineralization, kinetics, and half-life show that PEC UV-C254nm with a j of 15 mA cm−2 was the best setting for the degradation and mineralization of CBZ. However, when the values of specific energy consumption were considered for industrial applications, the use of EO with a j of 3 mA cm−2 and 4 g L−1 of Na2SO2 becomes more attractive. The assessment of by-products formed after this best cost-efficient treatment setting revealed the presence of aromatic and aliphatic compounds from CBZ degradation. Acute phytotoxicity results showed that the presence of sodium sulfate can be a representative factor regarding the toxicity of samples treated in electrochemical systems.

Determination of Pesticides in Soybean Seeds Incorrectly Discarded Near a Spring of the Paranaíba River, GO-Brazil.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the contamination of pesticides of carbamate and benzimidazole classes in soil, water and soybean seeds, incorrectly discarded near a spring in the state of Goiás-Brazil. The Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Low Temperature Partition (SLE/LTP or LLE/LTP) methods were used for pesticide extraction and the analyses were performed by HPLC-UV. A high resolution mass spectrometer was used to confirm the identity of the compounds present in the seeds. The results showed that the soybeans were treated with the pesticide carbendazim and the dosage was three times higher than established by Brazilian legislation. In the soil and water analyzed there was no presence of the pesticides researched, nor of the carbendazim detected in the seeds. Since this was an environmental crime due to incorrect disposal, it is not known how long ago it occurred. Thus, depending on how long the seeds had been exposed there, the pesticide could have leached out, and caused contamination in the spring and soil. Thus, we conclude that the incorrect disposal of seeds treated with pesticides can be a risk to the permanence of life on the site.

Impact of gadolinium oxide with functionalized carbon nanosphere: A portable advanced electrocatalyst for pesticide detection in aqueous environmental samples

In this study, we developed a portable electrochemical sensor for realizing the pesticide residue in biological, environmental, and vegetable samples. A lower concentration of carbendazim pesticide (CBZ) was electrochemically exposed by newly developed gadolinium oxide/functionalized carbon nanosphere modified glassy carbon electrode (Gd2O3/f-CNS/GCE). The Gd2O3/f-CNS composite was prepared by two-pot ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method and characterized by various physicochemical analytical techniques. In addition, the electrocatalytic activity of the composite was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) towards the detection of CBZ. Besides, the Gd2O3/f-CNS/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic capability and sensitivity towards the oxidation of CBZ due to its high electrochemical active surface area, good conductivity, and fast electron transfer ability. A wide linear range of CBZ (0.5–552 μM) was attained with a low level of detection (LOD) of 0.009 μM L−1 and exceptional stability of 93.41%. The proposed sensor exemplifies practical feasibility in blood serum, water, and vegetable samples with an remarkable recovery range of 96.27–99.44% and primary current response of ∼91% after 15 days.

A highly sensitive detection of carbendazim pesticide in food based on the upconversion-MnO2 luminescent resonance energy transfer biosensor

Carbendazim (CBZ) pesticide residues in food products have become a growing concern in recent years. Herein, a sensitive biosensor for detecting CBZ was developed based on luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET) from aptamer labeled upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, donor) to manganese dioxide (MnO2, acceptor) nanosheets. The strong overlap between the absorption spectrum of MnO2 and the UCNPs fluorescence emission allowed the luminescence quenching. With the addition of CBZ, it tended to bind with specific aptamers, which culminated in the UCNPs-aptamer dropping off MnO2 nanosheets and restoring the fluorescence. A linear calibration plot between logarithmic CBZ concentration and fluorescence intensity was acquired in the range of 0.1–5000 ng·mL−1, with a limit of detection 0.05 ng·mL−1, indicating that the UCNPs- MnO2 aptasensor is a rapid, sensitive and specific quantitative detection platform for CBZ. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy of the developed LRET biosensor was validated by HPLC method with no significant differences.

Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn protects female reproductive system against carbendazim toxicity in rats: immunohistochemical, histopathological, and pathophysiological studies.

This experimental study is done to clarify the protective role of the Adiantum capillus-veneris linn plant extracts (ACVL) in Sprague-Dawley female rat reproductive organs that are intoxicated by carbendazim pesticide (CBZ). This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65.This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65 and also, description of the histopathological andpathophysiological changes. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n= 8) and were daily treated orally for 4weeks. The first group as a control, the second group was treated with ACVL plant extract 200mg/kg b.w., the third group was treated with CBZ 25mg/kg b.w., and the fourth group was treated with CBZ 25mg +ACVL plant extract 200mg/kg b.w. The pathophysiological results showed that in the third group, the ovarian tissue malondialdehyde content was elevated, but the fourth group exhibited it at a normal level. Reductions in the ovarian tissue content of glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and also serum FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones were observed in the third group, while, in the fourth group, all these items recorded normal level. The histopathological findings in the third group exhibited severe congestion and hemorrhage in the ovaries, oviducts, myometrium, gastric submucosa, splenic white pulps, and brain subarachnoid spaces. The fourth group showed protection from the congestion and hemorrhage, and no histopathological changes occurred. The immunohistochemical results in the third group revealed strong positive immunoreaction against the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen in the uterus and stomach. Ovaries, spleen, and brain showed moderate positive immunoreaction. The fourth group disclosed negative immunoreaction for the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen. In conclusion, CBZ toxicity induced histopathological changes in female rat reproductive organs. CBZ induced changes in the enzymatic activities measured in ovarian and brain tissue homogenates. CBZ causes an elevation in NF-ҡB P65 as an inflammatory marker, especially in the uterus and stomach. The ACVL plant extract acts as a protective factor to prevent the CBZ toxicity and also has an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the synthesis of NF-ҡB-P65.

Simultaneous Detection of Quercetin and Carbendazim in Wine Samples Using Disposable Electrochemical Sensors

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and fast methods for on‐site analysis is a long‐sought goal of the wine industry, especially to detect excessive concentrations of naturally occurring compounds such as polyphenols and pesticide residues. In this paper, we report on the treatment of screen‐printed electrodes, which were capable of detecting the flavonoid quercetin and the pesticide carbendazim simultaneously in wine samples with limits of detection of 51.8×10−9 mol L−1 and 60×10−9 mol L−1, respectively. Furthermore, no significant interference was observed with electroactive substances that can co‐exist in wine. We found that the electrochemical pretreatment in Na2CO3 solution eliminated residues and impurities from homemade carbon ink comprising graphite and alkyd resin eventually deposited on the electrodes, which were characterized by combining scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These findings pave the way for monitoring multiple analytes with screen‐printed electrodes, which could be extended to clinical biomarkers.

Fabricating efficient porous sorbents to capture organophosphorus pesticide in solution

Abstract The adsorption of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous solution was studied in this paper, including acephate, folimat, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, dipterex, and two other pesticides carbendazim and imidacloprid. Sixteen sorbents were used in the experiments, involving zeolites, mesoporous silica and activated carbon, in order to explore how the pore structure, morphology and surface composition of the sorbent affected the liquid adsorption. Among them, MCM-22 zeolite and modified SBA-15 exhibited a high capacity of capturing carbendazim and dipterex in the solution. In order to prepare a new adsorbent with low cost and high efficiency, silica gel was coated with MgO followed by alkali corrosion, in accordance with the principle of printed circuits, to form the micro-porous sorbent with the tailored pore size and surface composition. This modified silica efficiently adsorbed the folimat and rogor in solution as expected, giving a clue for the development of specific sorbent to protect environment.