Peruvian Legal System Research Articles

A Threat from the Inside: The Appointment of Judges of the Peruvian Constitutional Court

The article analyses the restriction of independent courts and their compositions using the example of appointment of judges of the Peruvian Constitutional Court. The recent appointment is a threat to the Peruvian de­mocracy and, more importantly, that its source is the Peruvian legal system itself. In the end, the author states that deficiencies in the Peruvian legal system that hinders the public justification of the appointment process of the Constitutional Court’s judges, because it makes the accessibility of the reasons for appointing them inadmissibly dependent on the will of the parliamentarians. The fact that constitutional interpretation, a partial delegation of the exer­cise of public reason, is unjustifiably held by judges renders its normative character illegit­imate and hurts a democracy.

Assumptions of indirect civil responsibility in the Peruvian legal system

El presente artículo busca identificar las condiciones de existencia de responsabilidad civil de un tercero, comúnmente llamada indirecta, contemplados en el sistema legal peruano, para lo cual se ha efectuado una revisión a la Carta Magna peruana, tratados internacionales, Código Civil de 1984, Código del Niño y del Adolescente y el TUO de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General; debiendo precisar que en la normativa peruana no se encuentran tipificados todos los supuestos de responsabilidad indirecta que existen. Asimismo, cabe acotar que los supuestos de responsabilidad civil indirecta devienen en numerus apertus, puesto que podemos encontrar más situaciones jurídicas en las cuales se haya ocasionado perjuicio a una persona o a su patrimonio y el responsable no sea siempre el causante directo; sino un tercero el cual sería el responsable jurídico, que indemnizará los daños y perjuicios ocasionados, pudiendo incluso, de ser el caso, repetir contra el causante directo o material.

LA POSIBILIDAD JURÍDICA DEL MATRIMONIO HOMOAFECTIVO EN PERÚ

El presente artículo analiza el matrimonio homoafectivo, en búsqueda de fundamentos dentro del ordenamiento jurídico peruano, a fin de establecer su posibilidad jurídica, conforme a los derechos humanos concretamente del derecho a la igualdad e identidad, a la idea del matrimonio. Asimismo plantea una alternativa para su reconocimiento.

La regulación de la imagen y la voz, dos aspectos jurídicos relevantes de la persona humana dentro del código civil peruano y su adaptación a los tiempos del Covid 19

The treatment that the Peruvian legal system has conferred on image and voice is an essential knowledge of society, for which reason an analysis of the entire evolutionary process, both historical and legal, is carried out regarding their legal relevance, from the point of view of the main national regulatory bodies such as the Political Constitution of Peru, the Civil Code of 1984 and the Civil Procedural Code, as well as an examination of national doctrine as a foreign one regarding its treatment in the field of national law and comparative law.

La responsabilidad patrimonial derivada de la inactividad de la administración pública en el ordenamiento peruano: notas para el estudio de su régimen jurídico

Los autores proponen la revisión de la problemática jurídica de la inactividad o pasividad administrativa en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano y las consecuencias de la responsabilidad patrimonial derivadas de dicha omisión, entendida como el incumplimiento ilícito de un deber legal de actuación o de las funciones administrativas asignadas a entidades públicas. Para ello se pasa revista al concepto de inactividad administrativa, su tipología y a la responsabilidad patrimonial imputable a la Administración Pública como resultado de dicha omisión, inercia o pasividad. Se cierra el análisis con la problemática procesal de la exigencia de la responsabilidad patrimonial a la Administración Pública, derivada de las notables deficiencias de nuestra Ley que regula el proceso contencioso-administrativo.

La autonomía privada en el caso del fideicomiso peruano

A continuacion se analiza el articulo 242 de la Ley General del Sistema Financiero y del Sistema de Seguros y Organica de la Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, norma legal que regula al contrato de fideicomiso peruano, en ella se establece a las unicas personas que pueden desempenarse como fiduciarios. La premisa del estudio parte del hecho que dicha norma legal estaria vulnerando el principio de autonomia privada ya que limita la libertad para contratar al no permitir la libre eleccion del fideicomitente sobre el fiduciario, hecho que se expone en el devenir del estudio. Con la finalidad de explicar la problematica se brinda, en principio, una nocion sobre el fideicomiso para luego explicar el marco regulatorio aplicable al fideicomiso en el sistema juridico peruano lo que conlleva a identificar las normas juridicas que califican al fideicomiso como un contrato valido. Al momento de revisar las normas juridicas que sirven para establecer al contrato de fideicomiso como valido tambien se analiza la idoneidad de las mismas. El estudio pretende contribuir a la regulacion del fideicomiso donde se respete el principio de autonomia privada contractual reconocido por la Constitucion Politica peruana en el articulo 2, inciso 14; dotando de congruencia al sistema juridico peruano.

«Brace yourselves! La videovigilancia ya viene»: situación de la videovigilancia en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

This article seeks to analyze the legal bases of video surveillance, the state of the current unsystematic regulation in the Peruvian legal system and the first juridical-factual consequences that are emerging from its progressive application. In this way, the article begins with the study of the protection of the image of the person, with special attention to the phenomenon of video surveillance, from the point of view of Civil, Constitutional, Administrative and —even— Criminal law. Later, it studies the way in which the Legislator and —in other cases— the Executive have established the specific and particular rules on video surveillance in Peru at the national level. Finally, it continues with the description and analysis of some of the factual assumptions that have been challenging Peruvian authorities; among which we have the use of video surveillance as a method of monitoring by entities for security purposes, as a tool for the use of employers to detect labor infractions, as an obligation of the service providers to guarantee the security of the consumers, and as evidence of the correct conduct at the start and ending of a family visit’s regime when sons or daughters are taken out of regular home, this last is an example of the use of recorded video material of the private form or material of video surveillance as evidence in judicial and/or administrativeproceedings.

¿Caducidad o prescripción? De la reparación civil en los casos de sentencias derivadas de procesos penales por delitos contra la Administración Pública en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

This paper analyzes the debate that arose in the Peruvian legal system about whether the term that the State has to collect civil compensation in cases of judgments arising from criminal procedures for offenses against public administration is one of expiration or prescription. The difference is not minor because while the prescription period allows for interruptions, the expiration period is not interrupted even when the debtor performs dilatory maneuvers to avoid payment. This last situation is recurrent in the context of the prosecution of the crimes against the public administration, as they sanction state corruption. In this paper, we intend to contribute to the aforementioned debate based on the revision of the figure of civil compensation and its capacity to combat and prevent corruption. Also, the definition, scope and differences between the figures of the expiration and the prescription will be studied to indicate, on the end, that this last institution is the one applicable to the supposed matters of examination.

Comparative socio-legal study of the civil partnership in Ecuador and Peru

The present work presents a comparative study between the Ecuadorian legislation and that of Peru with regard to the equality of rights of people who have a legal bond of de facto union and those based on marriage. Thus, in five sections, I will expose: 1) the theoretical foundations of the de facto union, 2) the Ecuadorian and Peruvian legal framework of the de facto union, 3) the legislation compared between these two countries, 4) the results of the perception in Ecuador and 5) the differences and similarities between the legislation compared on the de facto union. One of the main results of this study is that, although in Peruvian law, the rights and obligations of the de facto union are determined in Article 5 of the Political Constitution and Art. 326 of the Civil Code, which does not recognize concubines the ordinary administration of the society of property or property, the obligations between cohabitants and the voluntary substitution of the patrimony, which in turn are established in the Civil Code (Articles 222-232) and in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador (Art. 68), given the exclusion of these rights and obligations of the Peruvian legal system.

La constitucionalización del ordenamiento jurídico peruano: avances y obstáculos del proceso

This presentation is focused on advances and obstacles in the process of the constitutionalization of the Peruvian legal system, as it pertains to private law, labour law, and consumer protection, issues that have primarily been addressed by the Constitutional Court. The purpose of this exercise is to identify some of the strengths of this process, in broad strokes, mostly with regard to the protection of fundamental rights and their enforcement in relationships between private individuals. It also seeks to identify and reflect on —through two cases, one involving the protection of the right to collective bargaining, and the other involving the right to freedom of thought— the limits of constitutionalization, as a process and a result, in political relationships and decision-making.

Compliance as a prevention tool against business crime a view from modern criminology

This research work seeks to analyze from a criminological view the compliance as a crime prevention tool within the legal entities. In order to do so, it is necessary to use modern criminological theories of greater scientific importance, in order to understand the raison d’etre of compliance within a company, and ensure its best use as a state criminological policy. Likewise, a historical account of its genesis at the international level and of its incorporation in the Peruvian legal system is made.

¿Y si no ejercen su derecho de adquisición preferente, podemos vender? La importancia de reglas claras para el ejercicio de este derecho

The following article addresses the topic of Right of First Refusal, the reasons for its existence and regulation, also it will analyze theregulations adopted in the Peruvian legal system, the civil perspective of the exercise of this right, finally concluding with the challengesfaced in reality. The author will propose recommendations onto many of the outlined issues, albeit there not being a simple solution and, each challenge should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis as the best way to reduce or eliminate said problems.

La persona como fons omnis iuris

Civil law must maintain its humanistic guidance on the legal protection of the person, from the moment of conception until its natural end. In this paper we discuss an overview of the legislative and jurisprudential treatment of the person as center and axis on which turns the Peruvian legal system. The person and dignity are two inseparable realities, and each one deserves to be treated in accordance to justice. Being the person the origin, subject and purpose of the law itself, the entire legal system must recognize and socially protect the dignity of the person, fons omnis iuris, as source of all law.

Abortion, neglect, and the death of Augusta García Platas en Ayacucho, Peru, in 1946.

Augusta García Platas died after a clandestine abortion in Ayacucho in 1946. This article, based on material in the Historical Archive in Ayacucho, examines the criminal trial that was held to determine who was responsible for her death. Although the judicial authorities accused certain individuals of being directly responsible for inducing an abortion, they considered that the root cause of the young woman's death was neglect on the part of those who were supposed to protect her physical and moral health. This case provides an opportunity to clarify the strategies used by the defendants to refute criminal charges. It also helps us understand the various deficiencies of the Peruvian legal system in the mid-twentieth century.

Innovaciones contractuales: el Memorando de Entendimiento

This article addresses the most relevant aspects of Memorandum of Understanding, one of the most important contractual figures of our times. Through the article, the author explains this figure according to doctrinaire and jurisprudential pronouncements and determines its legal nature and the treatment the Peruvian legal system should grant to it.

THE PRECARITY OF PRECARIOUS POSSESSION IN PERU THE DENATURALIZATION OF THE PRECARIOUS CONCEPT IN THE PERUVIAN CASE

The purpose of this article is to highlight the treatment of the precarious concept in the Peruvian legal system and the confusion that both legislators and judges have reached at the time of establishing its definition in civil legislation and binding jurisprudence through judicial precedents. Furthermore, the effects they have caused in Peruvian judicial practice and in society in general. Keywords: Possession, precarious, squatter, judicial precedent, loan contract, eviction, eviction.

Constitucionalización del derecho internacional de las inversiones: los casos de la expropiación indirecta y el trato justo y equitativo

Este trabajo tiene como objeto explorar el impacto que tienen las normas del derecho internacional de las inversiones, en específico aquellas de los capítulos de inversiones de los Tratados de Libre Comercio celebrados por el Perú, en el derecho constitucional económico. En concreto, se pretende demostrar lo siguiente: (i) el derecho internacional de las inversiones es parte del Ordenamiento Jurídico del Perú; (ii) las disposiciones de este derecho son obligatorias y deben aplicarse a nivel interno, y (iii) este derecho debe interpretarse e implementarse de manera coherente con el resto del ordenamiento interno y con las obligaciones internacionales del Perú. Esta interpretación concordada del derecho de inversiones y la Constitución económica tendrá un impacto positivo en la racionalización de la actuaciónde los órganos estatales, evitando arbitrariedades cuando sus medidas puedan afectar a un inversionista. De esta manera mejorará el clima de inversiones, el cual es un elemento necesario para lograr el desarrollo sostenible del país.

Dal carcere. Testimonianze di prigionieri politici peruviani

From the Peruvian prison-tombs, two works come to us of two former guerrilla-fighters, the leaders of the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru (mrta), who have been imprisoned for more than fifteen years: Maria Lucero Cumpa Miranda and Miguel Rincon Rincon. The first testimony is about the detention of the only woman at the top of the Movement, her hopes, her strength and the contraddictions in the Peruvian legal system on the matter of detention. Then we have three works by the founder and second in command of MRTA, works regarding the agricultural issue, one of the most important problems in Peru, the reclaiming of the original identity in order to protect their roots (Andean, Half-cast, Afroamerican, all enriched with Asian and European insertions) and the need for the unity of the Latin American homeland.