Perspective Of Journalists Research Articles

Perspectives on Suicide: Bosnian and Herzegovinian and Croatian views from the 1880s to the 1930s

The phenomenon of suicide is a profoundly intricate topic, influenced by a myriad of factors encompassing biological, biochemical, cultural, sociological, interpersonal, psychological, philosophical, conscious, and unconscious components. The examination of press publications, patient records from Croatian psychiatric institutions, and scholarly discourse on suicide in medical literature dating back to the late 19th and the early 20th century reveals that among the diverse perspectives of journalists and psychiatrists of that era, there are notable variations in terms of defining the reasons for suicide attempts. The absence of consistent explanations underscores the enigmatic nature of the ultimate resolution end one’s life. Although numerous experts and laypeople have claimed to know the exact motives behind someone resorting to suicide, some have continued to look for an explanation in otherworldly forces or individuals with supernatural powers. In essence, the multifaceted nature of suicide necessitates a nuanced and comprehensive approach, integrating various disciplines and perspectives to attain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.

Democratic literacy: Challenges and opportunities to engage youth participatory in the age of digital media

This study endeavors to ascertain the challenges and opportunities in democracy literacy to foster active youth engagement in the digital media age. Through the implementation of Focus Group Discussions and participatory workshops involving a cohort of 17 participants, comprising eight student journalists and nine non-student journalists, who are poised to exercise their voting rights for the first time during the forthcoming 2024 elections, the research outcomes divulge that disparities exist in the democratic perspectives of student and non-student journalists, primarily due to their contrasting experiences. Nevertheless, both groups concur that a solid understanding of democratic principles empowers them to partake in the democratic process. In the digital media era context, four notable challenges emerge in democratic literacy: hoax oasis, politician stigmatization, idiot discussion engagement, and political apathy engagement. Conversely, two prospective avenues for bolstering democratic literacy are identified: information oasis and reigniting youth participation. These identified challenges and opportunities serve as fundamental pillars for formulating effective democratic literacy strategies in the digital era, thereby fostering increased participation of young voters in democratic practices.

Science communication under pressure: perspectives of Dutch researchers and journalists on COVID-19 communication challenges

IntroductionHaving access to information about science is essential for citizens to relate to global challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is a clear example of how citizens’ dependency on scientific information increased. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the challenges researchers and journalists encountered in communicating about COVID-19 and included an analysis of their roles and responsibilities in science-media interactions.MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced journalists (n = 10) and prominent academic researchers in fields relevant to COVID-19 (n = 11) in the Netherlands.ResultsResults show that the pandemic highlighted several challenges in science-media interactions. The pandemic’s complexity, uncertainty, and large societal impact put pressure on researchers and journalists who dealt with the societal need for relevant information and combatting misinformation. In response to the challenges they encountered, researchers and journalists had frequent and ongoing interactions with each other. For researchers, this raised the issue of how to balance their responsibilities to inform and advise as public experts. For journalists, this highlighted the need to avoid reporter-source intimacy and remain independent and critical when reporting about science.ConclusionThese findings raise new issues on the roles and responsibilities of researchers and journalists in urgent, fast-moving contexts such as those experienced during the pandemic and other global challenges. Successful responses to challenges such as dealing with misinformation and pre-prints require further reflection on the roles and responsibilities of both actors.

A Shift Amid the Transition: Towards Smarter, More Resilient Digital Journalism in the Age of AI and Disinformation

Digital journalism is facing a growing number of challenges as the wave of digital transformation enters a new phase. The changes, both slow and sudden, are making it increasingly necessary for there to be a shift amid the transition. The surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in the journalistic world has ushered in what appears to be a new phase for digitalisation and journalism’s role as a producer of factual information and knowledge in society. Current debates suggest that we are at a critical time to reinvent journalism for the new wave of digital transformation. In this stage, which recently began and which some are calling the Fourth Industrial Revolution, both professionals and academics point to the need to make journalism more resilient, so it can adapt to the changes without losing its basic essence, and more people-centred, helping to support individuals in the age of AI. This article analyses the challenges from the perspectives of both academics and professional journalists, based on their codes of ethics. The methodology used is a content analysis of 45 European ethical codes and the Delphi method, involving experts from the journalistic sector and academia. The results highlight that codes of ethics have not kept pace with these professionally and expert-led debates, as few mention new technologies such as artificial intelligence and they tend to focus more on disinformation and social engagement.

Potentials and pitfalls of using ChatGPT in journalism

The aim of the article is to describe the role of ChatGPT in journalism from two perspectives: academic and journalistic. Academic perspective is provided through bibliometric analysis and literature review. The data from Web of Science and Scopus shows increased scientific interest in LLMs in social sciences and humanities. However, there are still very few publications regarding ChatGPT in journalism. The main findings of those publications are summarized in the article. Journalistic perspective is provided using critical discourse analysis of journalists’ statements, both in news articles and essays as well as in their social media posts. The results of qualitative study reveal that improving the quality and working time is one of the biggest hopes, while disinformation and job loss are one of greatest fears of journalists.

Shifting job expectations in the era of generative AI hype – perspectives of journalists and copywriters

PurposeThis interview study examines Hungarian journalists' and copywriters' expectations of generative AI’s impact on their professions and factors influencing these views during a period of hype.Design/methodology/approachWhile acknowledging the specialized knowledge of journalists and copywriters relative to the general public, the study employs the sociology of expectations framework to interpret their anticipations not as objective forecasts of the future, but rather as phenomena shaped by diverse influences. The research comprises 30 semi-structured interviews conducted in spring 2023 to explore these expectations and their contributing factors.FindingsResults reveal ChatGPT’s media coverage as pivotal, encouraging the professionals interviewed to experiment with AI, reassess their roles, and cause a shift in their job expectations. At the same time, this shift was limited. Skepticism about hyperbolic media formulations, their own experiences with ChatGPT and projecting its constraints into the future, contextual factors, and optimism bias contributed to moderating their expectations. They perceived AI as an enhancer of efficiency and quality, not as a radical disruptor. Copywriters were more open to integrating AI in their work, than journalists.Research limitations/implicationsThe results underscore the importance of further research to explore subjective experiences associated with technological change, particularly considering their complex social, psychological, and cultural influences.Originality/valueThe study uniquely contributes to the sociology of expectations by highlighting how a complex interplay of factors can shape professionals' anticipation of the impact of AI on their careers, including optimism bias and media hype.

The role of media spokespersons of official institutions in the Kurdistan Region in crisis management, from the perspective of journalists and teachers of the media department

This research aims to shed light on the role of media spokesmen of official institutions in the Kurdistan Region during critical periods. The research consists of a descriptive approach while it has used a survey method including a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The latter was designed via the survey administration software Google Forms whereas its link was distributed in a group chat containing journalists from the Kurdistan Region. The questionnaire reached 70 responses. The most important findings in the current study are related to the research samples claiming that the news and information conveyed by the spokesmen from official institutions were ineffective. In addition, the research findings also display that the spokesmen have played a weak role in managing critical periods in Kurdistan Region.

Unraveling fake news in Malaysia: A comprehensive analysis from legal and journalistic perspective

The impact of fake news in Malaysia is vast and complex, posing threats to democratic processes and social cohesion. However, fake news research often relies on Western definitions, contributing to a lack of understanding within the Malaysian context. The introduction of the Malaysia Anti-Fake News Act in 2018, which encompasses all types of information and ideas, have also left confusion regarding the definition of fake news. This research aims to serve as a guide, starting from how “fake news” is defined in the country and then addressing potential issues associated with constituting the term from both legal and journalists’ perspectives. Utilizing quantitative content analysis and qualitative interviews, the research reveals challenges in combatting fake news in a semi-authoritarian context. Balancing media freedom and regulation is challenging, and distinguishing between sensational and fake news is complicated by subjective interpretations. While enhancing professionalism in journalism is crucial, the utmost importance lies in establishing transparent governance. This is because establishing trust in government-owned new media is key to encouraging reliance on credible sources. This research assists in providing a clearer understanding of the underlying problems related to fake news dissemination in the country and suggests possible long-term solutions to curb its impact.

Synodal Process in the Dock: A Thematic Analysis of Grey Literature

This article aimed to describe the contours of the current discourse on the synodal process from the perspectives of journalists. To achieve this goal, we collected a large sample of grey literature (N= 235) from six online Catholic newspapers. The common ground unraveled by this study can lead to a fusion of horizons between the opposing sides on how and why the synodal process may allow the church to initiate needed structural reforms and create a synodal culture.

Crafting standards of news quality on cross-media platforms: Exploring the perspectives of multimedia journalists through interpretative phenomenological analysis

This study explores the crafting of news quality standards on cross-media platforms to enhance journalistic practices among multimedia journalists (MJs) in broadcast media organisations in Malaysia. Guided by the News Value Theory, semi-structured interviews with 15 MJs were conducted and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify the superordinate and subordinate themes. Findings reveal three superordinate themes, namely commodities, journalism principles and newsworthiness to shareworthiness. In crafting the standards of quality in news on cross-media platforms, media organisations should develop and enforce a comprehensive code of ethics that prioritises accuracy, objectivity, and transparency in reporting. Additionally, implementing rigorous fact-checking processes and mechanisms for discerning quality news from misinformation promotes responsible and accountable reporting among MJs. In conclusion, the challenges posed by the digital transformation in the media landscape underline the need for a national response from the media industry to navigate future practices while maintaining journalistic integrity standards.

University’s Official Instagram as a News Sources for The Media

Media relations play a crucial role in the public relations activities of universities, as they provide opportunities for increased media exposure. In today's journalism landscape, social media has become a prominent source of news for journalists. This includes official university accounts, which serve as valuable sources of information for journalists. Consequently, university public relations must understand the perspective of journalists when selecting and disseminating information through social media platforms. This article aims to explore how journalists utilize information from university social media accounts, specifically Instagram, as news sources. The concept of information subsidies is used to analyze the public relations activities involved in providing journalists with access to information and ensuring its quality. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews with journalists from the education sections of kompas.com and detik.com. The findings of this research highlight despite the prevalence of visual content, limited text, and informal language often used by university Instagram users, journalists still find value in quoting from Instagram. This suggests that the information available on social media platforms is sufficient to fulfill journalists' informational needs. Journalists also rely on university Instagram accounts as a source of news. The significance of higher education institutions acknowledging social media as a platform for distributing information to journalists. The prevalent topics covered in news articles include advice, contemporary matters, and education sector-related information. The majority of cited news items are derived from expert opinions or contributions from university lecturers. It is crucial to establish efficient strategies for social media management in order to accentuate various themes or content that showcase the expertise of university staff.

“I Know It is a Stereotype, but People Love to See It”: Chinese Journalists’ Perceptions of Sexual Violence Victims

ABSTRACT Drawing on the concept of framing, this paper investigates the perspectives of Chinese journalists on sexual violence against women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 Chinese journalists from official, commercial, and freelance media outlets. The study identified two primary frames relating to female victims of sexual violence: the “idealness” of victims and the newsworthiness of victims. The paper examines how these frames relate to China’s socio-economic, cultural, and organisational context. It is argued that the perceptions and news values of Chinese journalists regarding sexual violence are influenced by both macro-level factors—such as socio-economic, organisational, and cultural factors, and micro-level factors, such as the journalists’ professional reputation and personal values. This interplay of factors results in the symbolic erasure of certain victims of sexual violence. The findings of this study underscore the importance of examining the cognitive frames journalists use when reporting on sexual violence, identifying key factors that influence their reporting. In doing so, the study contributes to existing literature on the framing of women’s issues.

Distance and closeness in translated global news coverage: bilingual representations of culture-bound themes from Bolivia to the world

ABSTRACT Global news agencies are major sources of information about events often happening far away from their international audiences; information that rapidly transcends geographic, cultural, and linguistic boundaries. There is a twofold purpose to the analysis in this study of bilingual feature stories dealing with the representation of faith in Bolivia, published by the news agencies Associated Press, Agencia EFE, and Reuters in Spanish and English. First, it implements an analytical framework to characterize bilingual news coverage by describing types of transcultural transfers, singling out the translation techniques applied, and bringing into focus how the culture-bound elements were rendered. Second, the contrastive textual analysis prompts a methodological discussion on the potential of studying translation distance and closeness in multilingual news production from a non-mainstream locale. Results point to close renditions that may not be considered a typical practice in news translation, yet are ostensibly purposeful both from a translational and from a journalistic perspective. Since journalism and translation coexist in multilingual newsrooms, where the latter often goes unacknowledged, this article ultimately attempts to reveal the role of translation in producing international news about distant realities, such as Bolivia, where cultural specificities are ubiquitous.

Public controversy and citizens' attitude formation about animal research: A case for scholarship and recommendations on conflicts at the science-society interface.

Activist groups attack animal research and put scientists and their institutions under pressure, whereas scientists often remain silent. We report an interdisciplinary research project driven by a communication science perspective on how citizens respond to news reports about animal research (3 experiments, overall N = 765) and a German science-initiated information platform ("Tierversuche verstehen"; controlled user study, N = 100). Findings demonstrate that a critical journalist perspective within neutral, two-sided news reports (e.g., skeptical expert statements or images of suffering animals) does not affect citizen opinion strongly. Information media provided by scientific institutions seem to be welcomed even by citizens who hold critical prior attitudes. From these results, we develop a set of recommendations for future public communication of animal research that builds on best practices in organizational and crisis communication. These suggestions are intended to empower animal researchers to actively participate in public debate to support citizens' informed attitude formation.

Public Relations Practitioners from the Perspective of Journalists: The Case Of Konya

Medyayla ilişkiler, basın mensuplarına gönderilen metinlerin haber olabilmesi için planlanan ve hayata geçirilen faaliyetleri içermektedir. Gazetecilerin kararlarını kuruluşun yararına olacak biçimde vermesi ise bu sürecin başarılı bir şekilde işleyebilmesi noktasında zorunluluk göstermektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, basın mensuplarının halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılarına yönelik algısını derinlemesine öğrenebilmek, böylece pratikte ortaya çıkan sorunları saptayabilmektir. Çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Konya’nın merkez ilçelerinde, günlük ve basılı yayın yapan on bir gazetede çalışan ve halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları ile ilişki ve iletişim sürecini yürüten, ayrıca eşik bekçiliği görevini üstlenen basın mensupları oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular, Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Geleneksel Mecralarda Medyayla İlişkiler, Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Dijital Ortamlarda Medyayla İlişkiler ve Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Halkla İlişkiler Uygulayıcıları ve Gazeteciler Arasındaki İlişki Modelleri olmak üzere üç başlık altında analiz edilmiştir.

Fake news and the political economy of the media: A perspective of Ghanaian journalists

The enduring rate at which fake news is disrupting the political economy of the media is the subject of this study. Using a largely qualitative instrument of intensive interviews with 18 journalists purposively selected for the study, we discovered that fake news is one of the banes of journalism in Ghana. Fake news's notorious role in the political and economic realities of the country is not uncommon, as it has created uncountable political controversies. With several of the country's media owned by politicians or persons with a vested interest in politics, it became a practice for players to utilise fake news as a propaganda tool to outwit their competitors through the media. For these architects to fully achieve their goal, social media and affiliated mainstream media were used as instruments to propagate fabricated content against their opponents, especially during the 2020 general elections. This paper also identified the use of artificial intelligence and robotics in the creation of fake news content. The study recommends the need for media organisations in the country to seek the services of fact-checkers as a means of verifying stories, as well as to intensify education on the identification of fake news and possible flagging.

An Analysis of the Impact of AI from the News Practitioners Perspective: Opportunities and Challenges

The release of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) has led to a new wave of applications of artificial intelligence in journalism. As the research on the functions of ChatGPT continues to be completed, many media companies and organizations have begun to use ChatGPT in their work. There are more studies discussing the impact of AI from the perspective of journalism as a whole, but fewer studies discussing the issue from the perspective of individual journalists. This essay on the impact of AI from a journalism practitioners perspective: opportunities and challenges aims to visualize the specific impact of AI involvement on the work of journalism practitioners from a relatively microscopic perspective. The involvement of AI in the whole process of news production blurs the boundaries between different positions within the news industry, and news practitioners must become all-rounders in order not to be eliminated by the wave and work with AI. In response to the ethical problems of journalism caused by artificial intelligence due to its lack of fact-checking ability, news practitioners need to strengthen their information verification abilities to try to circumvent them.

Person in the modern theatrical life of Ukraine: A journalistic perspective

The purpose of the paper is to determine the peculiarities of representation and self-presentation of modern theatre actors of Ukraine through the prism of media coverage, in particular those specialized in the cultural sphere. The following scientific methods were used to investigate the issue: descriptive, analytical, inductive-deductive, survey, content analysis. The result of the study of the issue of a person in modern Ukrainian theatrical life through the prism of journalistic coverage of this sphere is the analysis of the conscious accentuation of attention on issues of all-Ukrainian importance by representatives of the theatre industry in Ukraine and beyond. As a result of the study of the issue of the theatrical realities of Ukraine in the journalistic discourse, the main aspects, to which the masters of the Ukrainian theatre attach importance, were determined. According to the results of a survey conducted among representatives of Ukrainian cultural journalism and representatives of the performing arts, an important role in the creative activity of a modern theatre person is the coverage of Ukrainian life, in particular, the realities of war, on the artistic stage.

The Imperatives of Media Convergence

This paper explores the intricacies of media convergence from a journalistic perspective. The paper first looks into the definitions of media convergence and introduces the processes of media convergence from the views of different scholars. This paper was exploratory thus it examines the reasons for media convergence anchoring its theoretical basis on the media convergence theory. The merits and demerits of media convergence were highlighted and the paper concludes that the Internet has unified all media forms such that any medium that has not fully converged on the Internet can be said to be lagging behind. However, this is not to affirm that the media cannot survive without converging on the Internet but it is safe to say that such mass media that are absent on the new media might have reduced its essence of being a conduit for mass communication because the idea of mass communication is mass reach and the Internet offers that mass reach directing the attention of media owners in that direction. The media survives mainly on advertisements and advertisements are audience-oriented implying that advertisers go where the audiences are hence media convergence offers a great opportunity for the audience and advertisers to meet

“When One Finger Picks Oil, It Reaches Others”: An Examination of Nigerian Journalists’ Perspective on Motivations for Online Harassment

ABSTRACT Online harassment of journalists is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon. Many attempts have been made to investigate the prevalence of the phenomenon. Unfortunately, findings prove that online harassment of journalists is indeed on the rise. What is lacking, so far, in the literature is an inquiry conducted from the perspective of journalists on why they are targeted. This study attempts to shine a light on this question. This we did by examining Nigerian journalists’ perceived motivations for the online harassment that they experience and their suggested ways of controlling the phenomenon. Through online and face-to-face semistructured interviews of 30 journalists in Nigeria, we show that journalists in Nigeria believe that audience perceived journalistic wrongdoing and unethical behaviour, and polarization of politics in Nigeria are the chief reasons their audience harass them online. We further uncover that journalists suggested preventative measures, such as media sensitization campaigns about online harassment and political polarization, procedural, and prosecutorial measures such as improved security, ensuring adequate punishment for offenders, provision of security and enacting safety laws for journalists as avenues through which online harassment of journalists can be controlled. We then delineate the practical implications of the study.