Perspectives Of Different Actors Research Articles

Health Promotion Activity in the Community -- Scoping Reviewed

Health promotion is a multidisciplinary field that aims to improve the health and well-being of people not only by treating diseases, but also by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing diseases, and addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that affect health. However, the meaning may vary according to the perspective of different actors and professionals. Scoping review, using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online – US National Library of Medicine’s, for the articles that were published between January 1, 2018 and September 1, 2023, following the analysis procedures: title, summary reading, and total readership. The most mentioned activity in the 24 articles is health promotion associated with prevention in the community, with the home being the most referenced context. Based on Joanna Briggs’ Hierarchy of Evidence model, Institute, Redenç ao, indicates 5 levels of studies, namely: experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, observational analytical studies, observational descriptive studies, and expert opinion. Therefore, the scope consisted of 24 articles from States United States, Brazil, Australia, South Asia, South Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, Newfoundland, Iran, Japan, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Norway. The activity carried out by nursing at home focuses on individualized care and disease monitoring. Keywords: nursing, community health nursing, health promotion, primary prevention

Determinants of information asymmetry in agri-food supply chains

PurposeWith its presence, which can create inefficiencies, uncertainties and risks, information asymmetry poses a significant challenge to successfully managing the agri-food supply chain (AFSC). Understanding the variables that influence information asymmetry is crucial for devising more effective strategies to mitigate it. This study, therefore, explores the variables that influence information asymmetry in the AFSC.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative analysis was conducted, relying on semi-structured interviews with 17 experts representing different actors in the AFSC (e.g. seed producers, retailers, etc.) in Germany. The collected data was analysed using the GABEK® method.FindingsThe study confirms that the influencing variables derived from the existing theory, such as price performance, digitalisation, environmental, process and quality measures, contribute to information asymmetry. It further reveals new variables that associate with information asymmetry, including documentation requirements, increasing regulation, consumer behaviour, incorrect data within the company as well as crises, political conflicts and supplier–buyer conflicts. Furthermore, the study shows that supply chain actors counteract asymmetry by focusing on social behaviour and monitoring suppliers through key performance indicators, employees and social aspects.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to the universal influence of the variables on information asymmetry in the AFSC, making the magnitude of the influence and its context-specific nature unexplained.Originality/valueThis study is one of the very few that examines information asymmetry across the AFSC from the perspective of different actors, providing a more overarching and deeper understanding of information asymmetry.

“I Don’t Come Here Just for the Food”: Manifestations of Care in Food Assistance Initiatives

This paper seeks to understand the social role played by food assistance initiatives in Portugal. Based on the understanding that these organizations are “spaces of care,” it is possible to reflect on the support provided by them in a more comprehensive and integrative way. Therefore, the various care practices that emerge in these organizational contexts are explored. This study presents a qualitative comparative methodological approach and a range of ethnographic methods to explore the perspectives of different actors (supervisors, volunteers, and beneficiaries) within different models of food assistance (Surplus Food Redistribution Charity, Soup Kitchen, and Social Supermarket). The main results indicate the presence of several “improvised” and “veiled” care practices in the analyzed initiatives that go beyond food issues. These manifestations of care may stem from altruistic acts and/or function as a “remedial measure,” serving as a compensatory mechanism in response to services deemed inadequate.

Changing determinants of international conservation funding committed to major deforestation regions in South America

International conservation funding to low- and middle-income countries has increased significantly in recent years. However, understanding of the underlying factors driving the geographic distribution of such funding remains limited. This study aimed to identify the relative importance of five factors (i.e., conservation targets, threat levels, costs, Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and preexisting investment) that potentially influence conservation funding allocation at the subnational level in major deforestation regions of South America between 1987 and 2013. Overall, we found that funding was mainly allocated to remote areas with high species richness and carbon storage, while areas with high threat levels were often overlooked, especially until 2008. After 2008, international donors committed more funding to areas with high carbon storage, but not areas with high species richness, suggesting the prominence of climate-related concerns over biodiversity conservation. Although often advocated, we did not find evidence supporting Indigenous Peoples and local communities being important in explaining funding allocation. However, we identified a strong preference for the Amazon as a charismatic ecoregion. Our findings underscore the diverse and changing factors that drive conservation funding, highlighting the importance of subnational analyses in aligning international conservation funding with local conservation needs from the perspectives of different actors. We hope that our study will contribute to the ongoing conversation on diverse values in conservation and inform decision-making for future funding allocations.

Tramadol control measures and supply for health-care services: findings from Ghana and other West African countries

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the role of tramadol in pain management and the impact of regulatory measures on supply and medical access in Ghana and other African countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted an exploratory design and qualitative methods to explore the perspectives of different actors, including officials of regulatory agencies, law enforcement agents, health-care providers and non-medical tramadol users. Data were collected through individual and group interviews, and transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis.FindingsFindings show that tramadol fills a critical gap in treating pain across Ghana in areas with an acute shortage of opioid analgesics due to scheduling-related barriers. This was partly due to porous borders allowing for an influx of tramadol into the countries. The study further found that most tramadol purchases in Ghana and other West African countries were made from market traders rather than from health-care settings and were mainly generic medicines categorised as “substandard/spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit medical products” within the World Health Organization standards.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the findings are instructive, there were some limitations worth noting. The study encountered several limitations, especially with the non-medical users, because the environment is highly criminalised, People who use drugs were unwilling to avail themselves for fear of law enforcement officers’ harassment. Obtaining ethical clearance had its own bureaucracy – challenges that delayed the study time frame.Practical implicationsPlacing tramadol under the list of internationally controlled substances would create barriers to access to effective pain medications, particularly by the poor, and encourage victimisation of users by law enforcement authorities.Originality/valueThe study is based on empirical research on tramadol use and regulation in African countries, contributing to knowledge in an under-researched subject area on the continent. The comparative approach further adds value to the research.

Anticipating artificial intelligence in mammography screening: views of Swedish breast radiologists

ObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly tested and integrated into breast cancer screening. Still, there are unresolved issues regarding its possible ethical, social and legal impacts. Furthermore, the perspectives of different...

Implementing Partnerships in Energy Supply Chain Cybersecurity Resilience

This study describes the implementation of an energy sector community to examine the practice of cybersecurity for operational technology environments and their supply chains. Evaluating cybersecurity from the perspectives of different actors participating in the energy sector, the progress and challenges of operators and suppliers in delivering cybersecurity for the sector are explored. While regulatory frameworks incentivize individual organizations to improve their cybersecurity, operational services contain contributions from many organizations, and this supply chain of activity needs to be influenced and managed to achieve desired security and resilience outcomes. Through collaborations and systems engineering approaches, a reference model is created to facilitate improvements in managing the cybersecurity of supply chains for different actors, including service operators, maintainers, manufacturers, and systems integrators. This study provides an illustration of implementing a common vision of cybersecurity improvement across a community of actors. It utilizes a collaborative framework that has facilitated the co-production of cybersecurity guidance for energy sector participants.

“THEY FINALLY REALIZED WHO MILOŠEVIĆ IS”: CROATIA AND THE NATO INTERVENTION IN FR YUGOSLAVIA 1999

This article analyzes the views on the intervention from the perspective of different actors in one of the states in the region, Croatia. Drawing on the national media archives as well as president Tuđman’s archive, the paper focuses on the views of the following actors: (i) the media and the public, (ii) state officials, (iii) the opposition, and (iv) ethnic minorities. This allows for an exploration of a variety of positions, views and different interests which motivated reactions ranging from wholehearted support to reluctance, and even opposition to the intervention among different actors. The continuous media support for the intervention, shared by the ruling party and opposition at the beginning of the intervention later turned into reluctance on the side of the government, which became concerned with the intervention’s consequences and potential negative impact. The paper concludes by contrasting the emotional satisfaction among the intervention’s supporters with the political and economic concerns regarding the destabilizing effects of the intervention for the Croatian regime, pointing out the complex relations and ties among countries in the region and their citizens.

Implications of the sustainability transition on the industry value creation logic – case of Finnish pulp and paper industry

Global economic, social and environmental change drivers have tremendous effects on the dynamic and nested business environment calling for a sustainability transition to a circular bioeconomy. The transition will pressurise established industries to alter their value creation logic to consider sustainability holistically. The study follows a case study research strategy and investigates how an established Finnish pulp and paper industry reconfigures its communicated value creation logic. The findings of a qualitative document analysis suggest that the pulp and paper industry has started to explore new sustainable path-breaking innovations and create a common development agenda, which has resulted in incremental adaptations in the value creation logic. However, the industry’s narrative of already being sustainable has hampered the reconfiguration and stabilisation of the adapted value creation logic. From a theoretical perspective, adopting an interdisciplinary and systemic perspective is necessary to understand the changing business environment. From a managerial perspective, cross-sectoral collaboration and including perspectives of different actors can help in creating a holistically sustainable value creation logic.

Multifunctionality of a peri-urban landscape: exploring the diversity of residents’ perceptions and preferences

ABSTRACT Developing successful policies for sustainable land use requires understanding the perspectives of different actors. This study explored how residents – an often under-represented and un-organized group – vary in their valuation of ecosystem services (ES) and perception of multifunctionality in a peri-urban setting. We conducted 127 interviews in the Kromme Rijn region of the Netherlands guided by an interactive, visual canvas tool (STREAMLINE). We addressed four research questions: (1) Is there variation among residents regarding preferences for ES? (2) Which competing interests do residents see in this landscape? (3) Where are hotspots of perceived multifunctionality? and (4) Can the level of perceived multifunctionality be explained by its location on the rural–urban gradient? Our findings demonstrate that while the majority of ES are important to residents of a peri-urban landscape, there is variation in relative preference towards a subset of ES (mainly provisioning services). A typology of preferences distinguishes three groups: (A)‘I want it all’ – all ES (very) important; (B)‘I want most of it’ – majority of ES important; and (C)‘I want some’ – several ES not important at all. The majority of competing interests identified by respondents were between biodiversity and either a provisioning or cultural service. Universal hotspots of perceived multi-functionality overlapped with the area around residential areas, whereas natural (grassland) areas and water were considered multifunctional by only a small share of respondents. These perceptions and preferences do not necessarily align with current policy and management efforts, it is advised that residents’ perceptions and values are better accounted for in landscape governance.

Developing 'Smart' Dairy Farming Responsive to Farmers and Consumer-Citizens: A Review.

Simple SummaryDairy production has evolved over many generations to be an important source of high-quality nutrition for a significant proportion of the global population. However, it needs to evolve further to ensure it contributes to sustainable diets. Technological innovation can be a key enabler. It is also the case however that innovation brings about significant change, and can introduce unexpected, unintended and undesirable consequences, which are experienced differently by different actors on the ground. Thus, a major challenge is turning good science and technology into positive and innovative outcomes for society in an equitable way. Drawing on concepts from Responsible Research and Innovation (anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity and responsiveness) and Food Systems thinking, the authors reviewed the academic literature to consider the perspectives of different actors relating to technologies on dairy farms. It considers ‘smart’ on-farm technologies at three key stages of the dairy production cycle—breeding, feeding and milking—through the lens of two actor groups. It considers the farmers who may(not) adopt such innovations and the consumer-citizens who will(not) purchase/accept the resultant on-farm practices and foods. It highlights some differences between and within these actor groups, but also identifies commonalities, including tensions, faced by both groups. Dairy production in the future, thus, is not only challenged with embracing advanced technologies, the process by which such technologies are designed and selected must also be ‘smart’.Innovation has resulted in more dairy products being produced with less inputs than ever before. It has also affected how animals are raised, the structure of the sector and the nature of products produced. Not all impacts have been positive. As disruptive technologies—such as precision farming and robotics—herald significant change, it is timely to reflect on the perspectives of different actors on innovations within the sector. Drawing on a review of academic literature, this paper considers farmers’ and consumer-citizens’ perspectives; as expected, their diverse knowledge, interests and values surface a range of perspectives. To provide focus to the study, it examines technologies across three stages of the dairy production cycle: breeding, feeding and milking. It finds that consumer-citizen and farmer perspectives have been examined by researchers in several countries, using a variety of methods, across a range of technologies. It finds both areas of agreement and tension within and between consumer-citizen and producer cohorts. While differences in knowledge account for some variation, differences in values are also significant. The extent to which efforts can and should be put into addressing differences is raised as a point for reflection.

Adoption of positive health and related concepts in practice

Introduction:In 1948, the World Health Organization defined health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. More recently, broader concepts of health are being adopted, such as Positive Health. This movement has led to a bigger emphasis on people’s abilities rather than their limitations. In the Netherlands, a wide range of initiatives is taking place in which a broad concept of health is being adopted. These initiatives include different types of organizations and collaborations of organizations (e.g. health and social care organizations, municipalities) that use the concept to optimize health and social care delivery and ultimately improve health outcomes. The aims of our study were: 1. to identify the initiatives that adopt a broad concept of health and 2. to understand the perspectives of different actors (i.e. policy-makers, health and social care professionals, citizens) on using a broad concept of health.Methods: Stakeholders from a wide range of initiatives received an online survey which focused on the initiatives’ characteristics (e.g. organizations involved, targeted populations, activities undertaken to operationalize the adoption of a broad concept of health). The survey was completed by 96 respondents, of which 15 were invited for an interview to understand experiences and perspectives on adopting a broad concept of health including its consequences for health and social care delivery and health outcomes.Results: Initiatives in which broad concepts of health were adopted took place in a wide range of settings (e.g. municipalities, health and social care providers, citizens, employers, schools, sporting clubs) and targeted a wide range of populations (e.g. older people, youth, employees, people with a low socio-economic status). Although respondents were highly motivated and positive about the adoption of a broader concept of health, at the same time they were struggling with how to adopt the concept at different levels of the health and social care system. More than 50% of the initiatives aimed to evaluate the impact of the adoption of the broad concept of health. However, most respondents found it difficult to capture impact and searched for appropriate evaluation methods and indicators for this context. Discussion, conclusion, and lessons learned: The adoption of broader concepts of health is a current issue in the Netherlands. Different types or organizations and stakeholders have embraced these concepts, but there is large variation in how the concepts are operationalized. There is an urgent need to exchange lessons learned, and to work towards meaningful indicators to measure experiences, outcomes and processes of working with a broader concept of health.Limitations:The majority of the stakeholders in our study adopted the Positive Health concept. Insight into the adoption of other concepts therefore remains limited.Suggestions for future research:A participatory action research approach is recommended in future studies targeted on the needs of the different stakeholders at different levels working with a broad concept of health. Such approaches will, through an iterative cycle of research, action, and reflection, further facilitate mutual learning.

Money laundering through cryptocurrencies - analysis of the phenomenon and appropriate prevention measures

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of cryptocurrencies with regard to the money laundering risk on the market and to present widespread money laundering techniques and recognizable patterns of abuse. In addition, this paper aims to find an answer to the question to what extent the measures of the fifth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD) as well as other appropriate preventive measures are sufficient to reduce the money laundering risk in the area of virtual currencies (VC).Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the analysis requires a consideration of the theoretical foundations of money laundering methods, as well as a presentation of the technical foundations of cryptocurrencies and their ecosystem. Secondly, it is discussed to what extent VC are suitable for money laundering, which characteristics enable them to launder money and which new money laundering techniques result from this. In addition, a comparison of different money laundering risk classification is done in relation to VC from the perspective of different actors in the financial market.FindingsOwing to their simple electronic storage and transferability, crypto assets pose a concrete risk of money laundering. Their inclusion in the fifth AMLD was therefore a necessary step by the European legislator. However, the question arises to whether the directive and the further preventive measures presented in this paper sufficiently fulfil the objective of reducing the money laundering risk in relation to VC. One positive aspect is the inclusion of the crypto custody business as a financial service in the German Banking Act. According to the definition in Section 1 (1a) sentence 2 no. 6, the offering of wallets is subject to authorization and the offering party becomes an obligated party within the meaning of the Germany Money Laundering Act. From a supervisory point of view, the new licensing requirement is very much welcomed, as the custody of private cryptographic keys entails considerable risks. However, non-custodian wallet providers who do not store the private keys of their users, are not covered. A closer analysis of the amending directive to the fourth EU AMLD reveals that other relevant players in the crypto market, such as mixer and tumbler services, are also not covered.Originality/valueIt is quite clear that cryptocurrencies and the blockchain technology will continue to accompany one in the coming years. Further credit institutions arising in the market exposed to the described risks will be seen. The paper will therefore present and evaluate possible risk reduction/options for anti-money laundering for new and existing financial institutions.

Streaming & Screaming: Intellectual Property Rights’ Survival in a 21st Century Music Industry

It’s difficult to understand how in 2018, artists took home only about 11.6% of the total industry revenue; the same industry that could not exist without them. This article explores the current state of the music industry and where it will go. It also aims to shed light on the issues plaguing musicians in the 21st century music industry, and how to help those being taken advantage of. Part I of this paper will explore the history of music distribution, to understand how the industry has changed over the years. This includes the transition from physical to digital medium distribution, and the leading figures throughout the music industry. Part II will look at copyright law’s effect on revenues and innovation from the perspective of different actors in the industry: Record Labels, Streaming Companies, and Producers. It will examine recent industry data to show how much and where the revenue is going, as well as who it is going to. Part III offers possible remedies and suggestions to the thriving, yet unfair and inequitable industry. These include producer-centered actions such as a public rights awareness campaign, lobbying, and more.

Difficulties in the online educational context ‒ perception of students, parents and teachers

The aim of this paper is to analyze the difficulties of distance education from the perspective of different actors of education (students, teachers, parents) in Serbia and to identify opportunities for overcoming or mitigating them. A qualitative research was conducted in primary and secondary schools in the wider area of Kragujevac, by interviewing students (N = 23; 7th and 8th grade of primary school and 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of secondary schools), parents (N = 25) and teachers (N = 26). The research questions were aimed at assessing difficulties of all groups of respondents, and the obtained answers were analyzed by categories and presented within three topics: difficulties faced by respondents in the field of IT skills, learning difficulties caused by online teaching and communication difficulties among education actors. The results show that the most common difficulties are related to the organization of time and space for synchronous learning, lack of digital competencies (especially among “older teachers” and most parents), use of additional literature and learning materials, evaluation problems, as well as lack of physical activity. The most numerous and most important difficulties are the application of active learning and the realization of the expected achievements of students. The implications of the research show how to overcome or mitigate difficulties and thus improve distance and online learning and teaching, and make recommendations for post-COVID education based on these experiences.

The limits of the narratives of strategy: three stories from the history of music retail

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of narrative framing in the perception of strategic success by exploring the construction of notions of strategy in relation to the perspective of different actors in the same historical episode. Our article is about the UK music retailing industry from the late 1950s until the present. We narrate three stories/accounts – one focusing on the perspective of larger firms in the industry, acting as a normative business history narration, one focusing on the perspective of the mass of smaller firms attempting to survive as larger competitors expand, and one–an epilogue–looking at the recent past in which some of the smaller firms managed to survive while many of the dominant firms from the 1980s and 1990s have failed. We use this both to construct a more diverse historiography of the music retail industry in Britain while advancing the theoretical contribution that narratives of strategic success and failure often favor conceptualizations of dominance over resistance, while failing to reflect on the extent to which historical research itself is an act of sense-making that is bounded by periodization and theoretical priors.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICES VS. COVID-19 PANDEMIC FEAR – PLASTIC GOVERNANCE RE-ASSESSMENT

Alarming plastic production growth worldwide reinforces the public debate about the prevailing environmental crisis, whereby single-use-plastic (SUP) items are considered as by far the most harmful to the environment and public health. Accordingly, European environmental policy aims at eliminating SUP. Recently, we presented a model of plastic governance that derives from a circular economy approach identifying and taking into consideration perspectives of different actors in the plastic governance, such as producers, wholesalers, shop keepers, consumers, citizen scientists, and academia. Our results illustrate that the vast majority of stakeholders cared for the natural environment and understood the need to phase out SUP from the global economy. We proposed that a knowledge brokerage, undertaken by scientists via means of citizen science, as the most effective method to implement elimination policy, as it provides stakeholders with knowledge on why and how to handle SUP issues. However, at the time of the global COVID-19 pandemic, a plastic governance model required a re-assessment. The perceived role of SUP has changed, as it reflects the health emergency. Namely, due to the health safety reasons stakeholders and consumers are requesting even more SUP than previously. Following up on our data gathered prior to the pandemic, we suggest that under the new circumstances health concerns outweigh the environmental concerns being determined by a shift in the value hierarchization. The paper discusses preliminary results.

Vocational education between image campaigns and individual attractiveness

In the context of VET, terms such as attractiveness, image or value are often used. However, the connections are manifold and the meanings often different. The present article addresses the problem of conceptual diversity by first of all receiving and classifying the scientific literature on the definition and use of terms. In a second step, a structural approach is introduced, which takes up the different concepts from the perspective of different actors. The possible use of the approach in German VET practice is demonstrated by means of examples.

Percepciones de las personas vinculadas a servicios de cuidados a largo plazo. Una revisión panorámica

La presente revisión panorámica examina las percepciones de los servicios de cuidados a largo plazo desde la perspectiva de distintos actores. La actual preocupación de esta temática se sustenta en el creciente envejecimiento demográfico que viven los países alrededor del mundo, ya que este incremento poblacional implica una mayor demanda de servicios de cuidados, especialmente en personas mayores. Pese a la atención que existe en torno a los servicios de cuidados a largo plazo, es escasa la evidencia que permita reconocer cómo las personas que están de alguna manera vinculadas a este tipo de servicios, perciben las prestaciones que se otorgan según la oferta de servicios que presenten los países. En consecuencia, la justificación de realizar una revisión panorámica se basa en detectar los vacíos de conocimiento en torno al tema con el propósito de continuar las líneas de investigación para cerrar estas brechas de conocimiento. La pregunta de revisión que orientó este estudio fue ¿qué se conoce en la literatura publicada acerca de las percepciones que tienen las personas mayores, personas cuidadoras, personas voluntarias, personas trabajadoras, tomadores de decisiones e investigadores sobre los servicios de cuidados a largo plazo? La revisión se dividió en seis secciones, con lo que permite sugerir que existe un conocimiento limitado de la oferta de servicios y las barreras implicadas en el acceso, además de avanzar en el estudio de las distintas variantes de financiamiento que las personas perciban que sea el más adecuado conforme a su situación, y finalmente estudiar los actores sobre-presentados en la prestación de cuidados, como es el caso de las personas voluntarias. En tal sentido, es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan establecer distintas perspectivas socio-culturales de las personas involucradas en los cuidados, independiente si pertenecen a países con políticas de cuidados ya instauradas o no.

Sociologie na poli medicíny a zdravotnictví – cizinec nebo vetřelec?

Medical sociology is a discipline that applies sociological perceptions, theoretical approaches and empirical methods to the study of healthcare issues. Modern medicine is one of the key symbols of modern society and its achievements in terms of human intervention in nature. A sociologist studying healthcare issues faces certain specific problems deriving from the socio-cultural framework of modern medicine and the natural sciences in general. By pursuing sociology in medicine he may lose his identity and autonomy, but by pursuing sociology of medicine he may tend to study issues perceived as irrelevant by healthcare experts. Being a „stranger“ in the field of medicine may, however, mean that a sociologist can contribute to the articulation of new problems as public matters or social problems. He may also be perceived as a representative of the lay perception of healthcare issues. Both quantitative and qualitative models are used in this field, mostly in a process of triangulation that gives a fuller and more truthful idea of reality from the perspectives of different actors. Although the natural sciences are the basis of medical knowledge and skills, medicine is also a symbolic world with its own culture, values and norms.