Systems Engineering Perspective Research Articles

The etymology study of “fetish opposition” based on FTA analysis and the police PR avoidance approach

Abstract In the contemporary post-truth era, there is a marked increase in the individual’s need for emotional expression and self-awareness. This paper introduces and defines the concept of “Fetish Opposition” through etymological research. Employing fault tree analysis, this study analyzes the risk identification and structural importance of “Fetish Opposition” in the context of “Public Security Prohibition” enforced by police departments. This is approached from the perspective of security system engineering, aiming to elucidate the underlying issues and delineate strategies to mitigate the phenomenon of “anti-public security.” This exploration seeks to provide theoretical guidance for enhancing the effectiveness of public security organs. The findings indicate that “lack of law enforcement transparency” holds structural importance of 0.186 within the fault tree of “Fetish Opposition,” making it the most significant factor affecting the entire system. Based on this insight, the police public relations department could develop targeted strategies to prevent such situations, thereby also opening new avenues for research in social psychology and the stabilization of police-community relations.

Literature review: A study of cognitive aspects in minimizing human error in construction

Human error is a mistake due to human negligence, both consciously and unconsciously, which can cause a system to experience disruption and not run as planned. These errors can occur at the managerial, conceptual, or technical level. One of the activities with a high potential for finding human error is construction activities. Construction activities are a series of activities that include the construction, operation, maintenance, demolition, and construction of a building. Infrastructure development is one of the government’s policy focuses in 2023, with development from four main areas: water resources, roads and bridges, settlements, and housing. These infrastructure projects must have a good quality because they are closely related to user safety and security. Based on data from the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) Employment and statements from the Ministry of PUPR, the industrial sector is an enormous contributor to work accidents with an average percentage of 32% each year. The human factor is one of the forerunners of human error apart from equipment and working environment conditions. Viewed from the perspective of Cognitive System Engineering, human error is caused by the failure of human cognitive processes where the process is related to Human Information Processing (HIP). This paper will describe and briefly discuss the problem of human error and its relation to Human Information Processing (HIP). This paper will examine various literature and summarize efforts that can be applied to improve the information processing process in the hope of minimizing the occurrence of human error in the scope of construction work.

Concurrent Value-Driven Decision-Making Process for the Aircraft, Supply Chain and Manufacturing Systems Design

The integration of product design and supply-chain management can lead to an increase in the profitability and efficiency of companies. However, considering manufacturing, supply chain, and aircraft criteria in the early design phase increases the size of the solutions’ trade space and, thus, the complexity of performing the decision-making process. This paper demonstrates how to leverage value-model theory to simplify the decision-making process when multiple criteria related to multiple systems are considered at the same time. The proposed concurrent approach is formalized from a systems-engineering perspective, considering the interactions between the lifecycle stages of the System of Interest, i.e., the aircraft, and Enabling Systems like the supply chain and manufacturing. A value-based interactive dashboard, called VALORISE, is developed to automatize the process, support decision-makers in modeling their expectations, analyze real-time strategic scenarios, and easily explore the value-driven trade space for best-solution identification. An aeronautical application case highlights the advantages of leveraging the proposed concurrent approach to overcome the limits of traditional approaches, in which decisions about supply chain and manufacturing are addressed once the aircraft configuration is decided.

Model‐based systems engineering approach to the study of electromagnetic interference and compatibility in wireless powered microelectromechanical systems

AbstractElectromagnetic Interference and Compatibility (EMI–EMC) are a serious problem in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), and specially in powered by wireless energy transfer MEMS. Most MEMS have dimensions in the order of 1 mm or less, thus, most of the suitable electromagnetic radiation sources have wavelengths larger than this, making isolation of electromagnetic effects very difficult. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can be an excellent tool to deal with EMI—EMC in MEMS during early design phases. In this work, we present a problem‐solving procedure and integration of EMI—EMC in MEMS from a Model‐Based Systems Engineering perspective. This approach is described in detail by a real example using a procedure based on nine steps fully integrated with the proposed systems engineering methodology. For example, the use of context diagrams (IBDs) and N SQUARE charts to describe EMC interactions is explained in detail. The system is formed by a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) subsystem working near 2.45 or 4.5 GHz coupled to an electromagnetic micromotor. This micromotor contains copper microcoils which can receive electromagnetic radiation directly at the same time that the WPT subsystem. The greatest difficulty is, then, to power the WPT while isolating the micromotor, and optimizing the coupling interface. A summary of the most important EMC concepts and tools are reviewed from the systems engineer perspective and possible problems during the design and testing phases are discussed in detail using the example.

A Framework of Modeling and Simulation Based on Swarm Ontology for Autonomous Unmanned Systems

For the emerging autonomous swarm technology, from the perspective of systems science and Systems Engineering (SE), there must be novel methodologies and elements to aggregate multiple systems into a group, which distinguish the general components with specific functions. Here, we expect to provide a presentation of their existence in swarm development processes. The inspiration for our approach originates from the integration of swarm ontology, multiparadigm modeling, multiagent systems, cyber-physical systems, etc. Therefore, we chose the model-driven architecture as a framework to provide a method of model representation across the multiple levels of abstraction and composition. The autonomous strategic mechanism was defined and formed in parallel with Concept of Operations (ConOps) analysis and systems design, so as to effectively solve the cognitive problem of emergence caused by nonlinear causation among individual and whole behaviors. Our approach highlights the use of model-based processes and their artifacts in the swarm mechanism to integrate operational and functional models, which means connecting the macro- and micro-aspects in formalism to synthesize a whole with its expected goals, and then to verify and validate within an L-V-C simulation environment.

Identification and Path Analysis of Employee Slacking Factors in Enterprises from a Systems Engineering Perspective

Identification and Path Analysis of Employee Slacking Factors in Enterprises from a Systems Engineering Perspective

A Unifying Framework for Human-Agent Collaborative Systems-Part II: Design Procedure and Application.

The human-agent collaboration (HAC) is a prospective research topic, whose great applications and future scenarios have attracted vast attention. It is very important to understand the design process of the HAC system (HACS). Inspired by the systematic analysis framework presented in Part I of this dual publication, this article proposes a normalized two-phase procedure, namely, GET-MAN, for the top-level design of HACS from the perspective of system engineering. The two-phase design procedure can produce a coherent and well-running HACS by sophisticatedly and properly determining the six elements of the HACS and their influences. In the verification phase of GET-MAN, by applying the formalized HACS framework proposed in Part I, a formal model can be constructed to look ahead (predict) and back (explain) at potential faults in the candidate HACS. An example of the HACS design for target searching is employed to illustrate the use of the GET-MAN design procedure. The potential challenges and future research directions are discussed in the light of the GET-MAN design procedure. The systematic analysis framework, Part I, as well as the GET-MAN design procedure, Part II, can serve as common guidance and reference for analyzing and developing various HACSs.

Functional healthy state evaluation approach based on phased state task network for intelligent multistation manufacturing systems

The core function of the intelligent multistation manufacturing system is to continuously and stably output a specified number of qualified products which can meet the requirements of production tasks through the machine at each station. Consequently, only the analyzing and modeling of the physical failure of the machine cannot realize the functional healthy state evaluation of the manufacturing system oriented to product quality, nor can it describe the phased degradation characteristics during the task execution. Therefore, a novel evaluation approach of the functional healthy state based on phased state task network (PSTN) theory for the intelligent multistation manufacturing systems is proposed in this study. First, the connotation of a functional healthy state of the intelligent multistation manufacturing system is expounded in combination with the performance state of each component in the system from the perspective of system engineering. Second, the PSTN of the intelligent multistation manufacturing system is established, and an integrated mission reliability model of the system is built on it. Third, a functional healthy state evaluation approach is proposed on the basis of the integrated mission reliability model and fuzzy evidence theory. Finally, a cylinder head manufacturing system is taken as an example to verify the proposed method, and sensitivity and comparative analyses are carried out to illustrate its effectiveness and advantages.

Prospects of Producing Higher Alcohols from Carbon Dioxide: A Process System Engineering Perspective

Prospects of Producing Higher Alcohols from Carbon Dioxide: A Process System Engineering Perspective

Continuous Manufacturing of Solid Drug Products — from Process Systems Engineering Perspectives

Continuous Manufacturing of Solid Drug Products — from Process Systems Engineering Perspectives

A method for economic evaluation of predictive maintenance technologies by integrating system dynamics and evolutionary game modelling

Predictive maintenance technologies can be employed for failure prediction and system health management. Nevertheless, the additional cost involved in establishing the predictive maintenance system can be an obstacle to its widespread application. The decision on the predictive maintenance technology adoption can be made through the computation of the return on investment. To investigate the mechanisms of dynamic game between stakeholders involved in predictive maintenance, we establish the SD-EGT model from the perspective of systems engineering. This paper aims to propose an integrated method for the economic evaluation of predictive maintenance technologies by considering the incremental costs and benefits associated with its deployment. As an exemplary case, we take the Lithium-ion batteries whose failures have led to unexpected safety accidents. Firstly, we construct a quantitative relationship model between the failure modes and the predictive benefits of Lithium-ion battery systems to quantify the incremental benefits. Then, we establish a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model by using system dynamics (SD) to make decisions about cost-effectiveness. Secondly, to optimize the cost investment strategy for the predictive maintenance technology, we develop an enterprise-government evolutionary game model, considering the information asymmetry between players. Eventually, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the static subsidy strategy. The proposed methodology is serviceable to optimize the decision-making of predictive maintenance technology investment, which is a difficult yet very important task in industrial practice.

Machine Learning and the Digital Era from a Process Systems Engineering Perspective

Machine Learning and the Digital Era from a Process Systems Engineering Perspective

Ionic Liquid Assessment as Suitable Solvent for Biogas Upgrading Technology Based on the Process System Engineering Perspective

AbstractBiogas requires specific processing in terms of upgradation to remove acid gas contents, making it a profitable fuel with higher energy content. This is conventionally attained through physical or chemical absorption due to the higher selectivity towards CO2 and H2S. The conventional processing technology impacts the process with higher energy content for solvent regeneration, solvent loss causing a threat to the environment with its toxicity, and damaging the equipment by corrosion. In this view, ionic liquids (ILs) emerged as potential candidates providing a favorable facet in terms of both processing and ecological aspects. Hence, herein the potential of IL and deep eutectic solvent (DES) in comparison to the conventional solvents and technologies used for biogas upgrading based on process system engineering perspective that showcases techno‐economic, energy‐economic, and environmental aspects and opportunities that may lead towards establishing sustainable and effective processing of biogas is shown and a comprehensive review on the opportunities, prospects, and challenges to make IL and DES as future solvent for biogas upgrading on the commercial scale is provided.

A Semantic Model Framework for the Cyber‐Physical Production System in the Systems Engineering Perspective

ABSTRACTA cyber‐physical production system (CPPS) is a system of digital and physical components with networked connections. These components are deeply intertwined and operate in situation‐dependent ways across all production levels. The system behavior is complex due to its dependencies and the relationship between its parts and their environment. The diversified components and their relationship lead to challenges for the involved actors in system development, operation, and end of life phases. There is a need for a generic semantic model framework to provide a unified description of all aspects and properties of the CPPS. In this paper, an overview and expected outcome of semantic model framework is presented. As a first step, the core elements, and boundaries of the CPPS are proposed. Based on a fundamental concept of systems engineering, the core elements are defined as a System of Interest (SOI) and Enabling Systems (ES).

An Engineering Perspective on the Bacterial Flagellum: Part 3 – Observations

The flagellum is the organelle imparting motility to common bacteria. This paper, the third of three, takes a systems engineering and systems biology perspective on the bacterial flagellum. The first paper (Part 1 of the series) provided a constructive or top-down view from a systems engineering viewpoint. It detailed the typical environment, the purpose, the required existing and new resources, the necessary functional requirements, the various constraints, the control means, and the self-assembly for any kind of bacterial motility organelle. The specification of these requirements was intended to be independent of knowledge about the actual flagellum. A converse approach was detailed in the second paper (Part 2 of the series). It was an analytical or bottom-up view, which discussed the known 40+ protein components and the observed and inferred structure, control, and assembly of a typical bacterial flagellum. This cellular subsystem is well researched. Much of that research was reviewed in Part 2 from a systems biology viewpoint, including the chemotaxis feedback control system. Part 2 included a very detailed dependency graph of the orchestrated assembly not found elsewhere. This third paper (Part 3) concludes the three-part study with original observations. The observations include an ontology of the exceedingly specific protein binding relationships in the flagellum. The latter observation is new and significant and suggests research to further elaborate the details of the molecular configurations of the proteins. Part 3 also compares the independent constructive and analytical views, which correlate well. Finally, it is suggested that a motility organelle of this scope and scale seems profoundly unlikely to naturally evolve in the absence of foresight and mindful intent.

Analysis of Energy Supply Chain in Steel Industry Self-provided Power Plant

Based on the requirements of low carbon emissions, and aiming at the practical problems of unreasonable utilization of residual by-product gas and gas emission in iron and steel complex, the energy supply chain in iron and steel complex is preliminarily discussed and analysed from the perspective of system engineering. The main problems existing in energy supply chain in iron and steel complex are put forward from four aspects: raw material supply, node connection, management and environment. It lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the optimal scheduling of energy supply chain network.

Process Systems Engineering Perspective on the Design of Materials and Molecules

This paper aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in molecule and material design and a perspective on open questions. First, we discuss the interplay between process design and the design of molecules and materials and then present the basic trade-offs and interdependencies that need to be considered in this integrated design problem. Second, we introduce methods and open questions in the area of processing materials, with special emphasis placed on heterogeneous catalysts due to their importance in the chemical industry. Finally, we discuss materials for photovoltaic cells as one example of a chemical product that is likely to help supply sustainable energy and address climate change concerns. What is presented here is based on presentations and discussions during the FIPSE-4 meeting in June 2018 (https://www.fi-in-pse.org/fipse-4-2018).

Enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems.

Efficient chemical transformation in a green, low-carbon way is crucial for the sustainable development of modern society. Enzyme-photo-coupled catalytic systems (EPCS) that integrate the exceptional selectivity of enzyme catalysis and the unique reactivity of photocatalysis hold great promise in solar-driven 'molecular editing'. However, the involvement of multiple components and catalytic processes challenged the design of efficient and stable EPCS. To show a clear picture of the complex catalytic system, in this review, we analyze EPCS from the perspective of system engineering. First, we disintegrate the complex system into four elementary components, and reorganize these components into biocatalytic and photocatalytic ensembles (BE and PE). By resolving current accessible systems, we identify that connectivity and compatibility between BE and PE are two crucial factors that govern the performance of EPCS. Then, we discuss the origin of undesirable connectivity and low compatibility, and deduce the possible solutions. Based on these understandings, we propose the designing principles of EPCS. Lastly, we provide a future perspective of EPCS.

Integrating Process Standards for System Safety Analysis to Enhance Efficiency in Initial Airworthiness Certification of Military Aircraft: A Systems Engineering Perspective

AbstractWhen designing an aircraft, a System Safety Analysis (SSA) is an important part of the systems engineering activities related to initial airworthiness certification. For military aircraft, this requires not only a process to determine whether the system is safe enough, but also to identify an acceptable balance between safety, cost and military capability. In this paper, standards for performing the SSA, mainly for civilian aircraft, have been analyzed for their relevance to certifying military aircraft. Also, the systems engineering standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 have been analyzed for its applicability to integrate SSA with other activities in a military aircraft project. The purpose of the presented work is to analyze how these processes relate and how they can be integrated to create an effective and efficient process for developing and certifying aircraft in accordance with the EMAR 21 requirements for military design organizations.

110th Anniversary: Process and Systems Engineering Perspectives on Personalized Medicine and the Design of Effective Treatment of Diseases

The mammalian organism maintains stable, efficient, and “near-optimal” performance and homeostasis in the face of external and internal perturbations via distinct biological systems ranging from the large-scale physiological (nervous, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.), to the cellular (growth and proliferation regulation, DNA damage repair, etc.), and the subcellular (gene expression, protein synthesis, metabolite regulation, etc.). A control engineering perspective of the function, organization, and coordination of these multiscale biological systems and the control mechanisms that enable them to carry out their functions effectively provides a framework for understanding the occurrence of diseases as a consequence of the malfunction of components of these biological control systems, with implications for the design of effective treatments and the prevention of diseases. This paper provides an overview of how physiological life is made possible by control and argues for the usefulness of a control engineering perspective of pathologies for diagnosis, design, and implementation of effective treatments—especially for personalized (precision) medicine for “optimizing health”. We present a control engineering perspective of this emerging approach to medical practice which we employ to make the case for the role that process systems engineering will play in enabling health care delivery of the future. The highlighted concepts and principles are illustrated with a modest clinical example from the literature involving platelet count control for an immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patient.