International Trade Perspective Research Articles

Study on the Impact of State Relations on Chinas Industrial Supply Chain Upstream from the Perspective of International Trade: A Case Study of Mineral Resources

As a major global power, Chinas overseas interests are rapidly expanding. Ensuring the security of industrial supply chains has become a critical issue. This paper adopts the perspective of international trade, utilizing the random frontier gravity model, and focuses on the top five mineral products and raw materials exported from China to India according to the 2019 export composition table of the Ministry of Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China. Based on export data of these minerals from China to India between 2008 and 2023, this paper analyzes the trends in mineral import and export, studies the correlation between bilateral trade between China and India and changes in Sino-Indian relations, and points out the potential impact of current Sino-Indian relations on Chinas upstream industrial chain. The study finds that for mineral fuels, mineral oils and their products, asphalt, zinc and its products, and steel products, Sino-Indian relations have a relatively minor impact on Chinas imports of such minerals and raw materials from India. However, for steel resources, Sino-Indian relations show a significant positive correlation with their import situation. Based on the current state of Sino-Indian relations, the study will propose relevant recommendations for the production and export of Indian steel and other mineral resources, combined with the needs of Chinas upstream industrial supply chain. This study aims to provide relevant insights and references for safeguarding Chinas strategic mineral resource security.

Corporate income taxation and external balances in the European Union

This study examines the impact of corporate taxation on the external balances of 27 European Union member countries from the late 1990s to 2021. Using an ARDL process and a 2-stage least squares estimation procedure, we find that, in the short term, higher corporate taxation is positively and significantly related to the current account balance and the trade balance for the whole sample. There are considerable differences in the effects in the euro area and non-euro countries, with the latter experiencing a much stronger short-term impact. In the long term, there are no critical differences in the results between the two groups, and the impact of corporate taxation is positive but statistically significant only for the trade balance. The size of the impact of corporate taxation on net exports and current account balances is of similar magnitude, which likely implies that the international profit shifting via manipulating intrafirm prices in international trade does not strongly affect the external balances in our sample. Our results imply that initiatives to increase global tax rates could be justified from an international trade perspective.

Economic growth, government efficiency, and biodiversity loss: an international trade perspective

Economic growth, government efficiency, and biodiversity loss: an international trade perspective

South China Sea Dispute: What Alternative Solutions Can be Offered to the International Community?

As the busiest shipping route with a high value of resources under the sea, the South China Sea dispute is one of the unresolved problems in recent world affairs. Claimant states keep on defending their claim over the territory. Several critical factors of the disputed areas, such as the international trade perspective, natural resources aspects, and the security value, did affect the behaviour of such states. A lot of alternatives and means have been done to solve the case until the decision of PCA on the Philippine claim over China’s nine-dash line. Non-compliance response of China did raise another tension on the issue and complicated the resolution. We offered more alternatives to the international community to act, which combined peace-oriented bilateral and multilateral diplomacy and cooperation to force all claimants to agree on their maritime boundary, seeking mediation from states that can be trustworthy, international sanctions might be an option - but with a highly calculated decision, and stressing the compliance with legal action to gain trust from other parties. to support the diplomacy that takes place in the process.

Do capital goods imports improve the quality of regional development? Evidence from Chinese cities

For developing countries with advanced societies and growing economies, it is essential to accurately assess the technological innovation effect of capital goods imports on regional development quality. This study explores the path of high-quality urban development from the perspective of international trade. Examining city-level panel data on China from 2003 to 2013, the study applies various econometric analysis methods, including fixed effects, quantile regression, two-stage least squares regression and mediating and moderating effects models, to investigate the impact of capital goods imports on regional development quality and the mechanism of action. The findings demonstrate that capital goods imports have an inverted U-shaped, non-linear effect on high-quality urban development, whereas the effect on regional development is characterised by urban heterogeneity. Regarding technological innovation, the primary reason for the inverted U-shaped relationship is the combined effects of technology dependence and technology upgrading. In terms of institutional economics, policymakers can transform the pressure of economic growth into a driving force through initiatives to enhance the economic development effect of capital goods imports. Transitioning this pressure can mitigate the hindering effect of excessive capital goods imports on improving the quality of regional development.

Can industrial agglomeration affect biodiversity loss?

Reducing the rate of species extinction and protecting biodiversity are major international concerns. The loss of biodiversity is closely related to international trade as an inevitable result of industrial agglomeration and improvements in green economy efficiency. In contrast to previous studies on biodiversity loss from the perspectives of deforestation, hunting, and fire, this study examines biodiversity loss from an international trade perspective, calculates the biodiversity footprint of each country as an indicator of biodiversity loss, and innovatively elaborates on the theoretical mechanisms of industrial agglomeration, green economy efficiency, and biodiversity loss. An empirical analysis used panel data from 148 countries from 2006 to 2020. This study identifies that industrial agglomeration directly and indirectly aggravates biodiversity loss through green economy efficiency, which mediates the relationship between industrial agglomeration and biodiversity loss. The effects of industrial agglomeration and green economy efficiency on biodiversity loss driven by export trade in developed and developing countries are consistent with the benchmark test results. The effect of industrial agglomeration on green economy efficiency is positive in developed countries and vice versa in developing countries. By region, green economy efficiency can significantly mitigate the embodied biodiversity loss in the export trade in Asia, Africa, and North America, whereas its influence in Europe and North America is insignificant. This study extends the perspective of biodiversity research from the natural to economic fields, delves into the underlying economic causes of the current state of trade-driven biodiversity loss, and provides important evidence for reducing biodiversity losses caused by international trade.

Effect of the logistics industry on the promotion of China's position in the global value chain: An international trade perspective

In an increasingly complex international environment and deepening economic globalisation, the logistics industry, as the basis of international trade circulation, has a far-reaching effect on promoting a country's position in the global value chain. Based on the perspective of international trade, this study presents a two-way fixed effects model using the 1995–2018 panel data of 59 economies. The empirical results show that the development of the logistics industry can significantly promote the status of a country's global value chain. National economic development level, human capital, technological innovation and application level, and logistics infrastructure level are the main channels through which this promotion effect takes place. Therefore, China should accelerate the construction of export logistics infrastructure and cross-border intelligent logistics systems, and enhance the customs clearance and logistics hub capacity of its ports. ‘Reinforcing’, ‘strengthening’, and ‘extending’ the chain as a means to optimise chain integration force will allow smooth circulation at home and abroad, high-quality development of the logistics industry, and greater opportunities. Ultimately, this will promote the status of the global value chain in the high-quality development stage of the national economy.

외국인 유학생 관련 보도 동향의 네트워크 분석

In this study, we explored how Korean society looked at foreign students even before the implementation of the Study Korea Project policy through a big data analysis of news trends. We collected 14,121 news articles related to foreign students from January 1, 1990 to November 25 2022, and words with high degree centrality and eigenvector centrality were labeled as keywords, and words with highest TF-IDF score were considered as topics. As a result of co-occurrence word network analysis, we examined the process of agenda formation centering on the Gyeongnam region prior to the implementation of the Study Korea Project. In addition, although news articles related to foreign students increased due to the implementation of the Study Korea Project, COVID-19 had a decisive effect on the increase in the issue salience of foreign students. As a result of analyzing the topics by three different periods, we identified that 'the perspective of international trade' was the dominant viewpoint in Korean society, rather than 'the perspective of global education'. Based on these results, an urgent call for the internationalization of higher education based on an intercultural perspective was requested to respect and welcome the diversity of foreign students.

National accounting scheme for biodiversity loss: An international trade perspective

International trade has emerged as a threat to biodiversity. Identifying the biodiversity loss in countries/regions driven by international trade is a prerequisite for effective protection. Considering the lack of existing research, it is urgently necessary to construct an equitable and reasonable accounting scheme for biodiversity loss. Therefore, based on the multi-regional input–output model framework, this study uses the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species data to evaluate and compare the biodiversity footprints of 188 countries/regions between 2006 and 2015. We find that the world’s biodiversity footprint is characterized by a significant spatial non-equilibrium driven by developed countries and developing countries with large economies. Financial intermediation and business activities, education, health, and other services, and construction and agriculture sectors play an important role in the accounting scheme for biodiversity and hence must be strictly controlled. This study will help construct a biodiversity conservation framework in the 2020s.

How can net petroleum importers achieve risk aversion in a globalized world: a multi-regional input-output perspective.

Net embodied petroleum importers face greater petroleum security risks in international trade due to their high foreign dependence. Therefore, paying better attention to the national flows and drivers of embodied petroleum consumption can effectively serve net embodied petroleum importers to avoid petroleum security risks and formulate environmental protection policy. This study utilized the multi-regional input-output model to determine the top five embodied petroleum net importers (i.e., the USA, Japan, Germany, the UK, and France) under the economic globalization, and traced the flows of embodied petroleum consumption through international trade. Combined with the logarithmic mean Divisia index method, this study also deeply investigated the drivers of changes embodied petroleum in net imports. The results show that from the perspective of international trade, the USA was not only the largest importer but also the largest exporter of embodied petroleum. Among the trade flows of embodied petroleum, the largest trade flow was from China to the USA, which indicated that China was the world factory and the USA was the consumer power. The embodied petroleum trade markets of Germany, the UK, and France was mainly distributed in Europe & Eurasia resulted from European economic integration. The largest contributor to the decrease of embodied petroleum imports in the top 4 net importers was the petroleum intensity effect. Meanwhile, the import dependence effect was the largest contributor to the increase of France's embodied petroleum net imports. In order to further avoid the risk of petroleum security, it is an effective path worth exploring to construct the diversified petroleum product import strategy and improve energy efficiency.

Research on the Development of Computer Cross Border E-Commerce from the Perspective of International Trade

Based on the perspective of ITT, the development of cross border e-commerce (hereinafter referred to as CBEC) is directly related to many industries, which promotes the employment and development of many industries, such as logistics, it, production, etc. Therefore, CBEC accounts for a large proportion in economic development. With the improvement of e-commerce platform, the traditional international trade (hereinafter referred to as ITT) has gradually changed to CBEC. In the perspective of ITT, the “Internet plus foreign trade” CBEC is a modern sales way, which caters to the characteristics of the fragmentation of sales orders and the individualization of product demand. Therefore, the average annual growth rate of CBEC in China exceeds 30%, which has become a new direction of ITT transformation and upgrading. Through CBEC, ITT has broken through the limitation of time and space, which has gradually reduced transaction costs. Therefore, computer CBEC has a positive impact on ITT. First of all, this paper analyzes the role of CBEC development. Then, this paper puts forward some problems. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

문화재의 국제거래 관점에서 본 국외소재문화재 정책 검토

문화재의 국제거래 관점에서 본 국외소재문화재 정책 검토

한국의 온실가스 배출 구조변화와 국제무역 관점에서의 파급효과

한국의 온실가스 배출 구조변화와 국제무역 관점에서의 파급효과

TD 2582 - Barreiras Regulatórias: a infraestrutura da qualidade no México, no Chile e na Colômbia em comparação com Brasil e Argentina

The purpose of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of international trade, the general characteristics of the operation of technical regulations, technical standardization and conformity assessment procedures (quality infrastructure) adopted by Chile, Mexico and Colombia. Next, the researchers will try to identify, from a perspective that relates trade to quality infrastructure, similarities and differences between these three countries and the two main members of Mercosur: Brazil and Argentina. The conclusions will emphasize the importance of regulatory barrier and convergence initiatives to international trade.

The Modeling Framework for the Need of Training Ship on Maritime Vocational Education

The seafarer’s profession will be facing a few strong challenges today and future next. Correspondingly, the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requires tightly the maritime vocational education that must produce graduates with appropriate and needed competences related with international trade perspective in the shipping sector. In order to improve student skill, a training ship is needed by maritime vocational education as real practice for student. This research describes a modeling framework of basic ship design for training ship of the maritime vocational education. The modeling framework was divided into three parts namely the model of training ship type selection, the capacity of the training ship, and the main dimensions of the training ship design. The modeling framework was applied to Maritime Polytechnic of AMI Makassar as a case study. The research results show the selected type ship was passenger-cargo ship type 37.20. The capacity of the training ship was about 150 students with cargo capacity 50 ton. The main dimensions of the training ship design were obtained where length between perpendiculars (Lbp), breadth (B), height (H), and draft (T) were 72.00 m, 12.00 m, 5.50 m, and 2.53 m respectively. The main dimensions of the training ship design were corrected as well by the parameters of main dimension ratio, geometric form coefficient, weight, and initial static stability.

Protection of intellectual property rights in international trade

That intellectual property is the creation of ideas in the form of new discoveries, literary works, and works of art, symbols, names and images used in trade. Of course, intellectual property is closely related to the world of commerce because its emergence is triggered by the desires of the members of the World Intellectual Property Organization who want to protect their economies in the era of free trade. In this case how the form of protection of intellectual property rights in the perspective of international trade, it can be seen that basically the laws and or regulations in every country in the world are different and each country has the right to implement its own legal rules in the jurisdiction of their country.

Study on the optimization of market competition of potato planting industry to agricultural products economic management based on intelligent system management

The potato itself has high nutritional value, strong adaptability, long industrial chain and extremely stable yield. At the same time, due to the rich variety of processed products, the further improvement of China’s social and economic level is greatly strengthened. In February 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued guiding opinions on promoting the development of the potato industry, which took potato as the main food product for industrial development. The central government attaches great importance to the rapid development of the potato industry, but at the same time, it also exposes many problems, which affect the production and development of the potato industry to a large extent. In order to change this problem, the relevant staff needs to strengthen the application of intelligent technology, so as to improve the level of potato production and processing and improve the competitive advantage of China’s potato industry. There are many types of research on the potato industry in China, but most of them focus on Cultivation and maintenance skills, and there is almost no research on market competition of agricultural products economic management based on the intelligent system. Based on the current situation of potato production in China, combined with the advantages of an intelligent system, this paper analyzes its competitive advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of economic management, and constructs the industrial competitiveness analysis model with the intelligent system as the core technology, and analyzes and discusses the adverse factors affecting the competitiveness. And from the perspective of international trade, the export competitiveness of China’s potato industry was analyzed. Finally, we collected Ximeng as the sample of this study and verified the core points of improving competitiveness from the research. In this paper, based on the intelligent system management of the potato planting industry on agricultural product economic management of market competition optimization research, to a certain extent, filled the domestic blank, has high research and promotion value.

Export Behavior, Export Performance and International Marketing Strategy on Export Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises: An International Trade Perspective in Developing Countries

The aim of this Doctoral Seminar-I is to examine why the majority of SMEs in the developing countries like Ethiopia remain focused on the domestic market, while few choose to sell a proportion of their goods abroad, even though they face similar market conditions and operate in the same location. A variety of explanations to this problem exist in the literature examining the export promotion strategy of SMEs. Following the recognition of a gap in international marketing strategy such as: standardization and adaption, managerial determinants and export behavior including expansion and involvement based on the literature studies, this Doctoral Seminar-I seeks to shed light on the issue from the Ethiopian context. The seminar proposes an integrated theoretical framework, developed from the analyses of the extant literature review, to address an explanation why some SMEs export do not succeed to achieve the exporting of their products in the context of developing countries like Ethiopia. The proposed framework consists of a synthesized integration of the following theoretical perspectives: the resource-based view of the firm; stage theory; network theory, international entrepreneurship theory; and contingency theory which mostly applicable in the context of SMEs. Here, the key assumptions underlying the integrated framework that SMEs export behaviour represents a complex event, and therefore no single theoretical framework is robust enough to explain the phenomenon in detail. In addition, as none of the theoretical frameworks are without weakness it is argued their integration offsets the weaknesses of each, thereby offering a deeper explanation of the factors underlying export behaviour, international marketing strategy and managerial determinants. Keywords: Export promotion, Internationalization, Export behavior, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-16-06 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

The Competition Neutrality in Malaysia Challenges and Policy Options

Competition law (CL) prevents anti-competitive conducts but does not ensure fair competition or level playing field with respect to State-Owned enterprises (SOEs). Hence, the principle of competitive neutrality promotes that government related business activities in competition with the private sector should not have a competitive advantage or disadvantage simply by virtue of government ownership and control (UNCTAD). Therefore, specific policies and legal rules is essential for achieving competitive neutrality. The Malaysian, Competition Act 2010 (CA2010) subjectively restricts and excludes some government linked enterprises. However, the some economic or, legal policy and political reasons limits CLs applicability and dictates its scope subjectively. In these context exemptions, de facto or de jure, direct or indirect state aid and restrictive licensing requirements impairs competition to benefit the domestic economy or national champion. This practice impacts the true spirit of market competition among rivals. Although Malaysian SOEs recognised as government’s toolbox for societal and public value creation but its future should to be more actively owned and managed to avoid competing unfairly on enterprises that can deliver more efficiently and effectively the goods and services that citizens need and want. In this context, three principal questions from the international trade perspective is analysed on (1) How important is state ownership within Malaysian context (2) What types of advantages should be granted to SOEs (or disadvantages afflicting them) and (3) What policies required to enhance effective competition among all market participants? The paper reviews the state of SOE with respect to exemptions and exclusions policy with respect to governance, independent decision-making, accountability and disclosure policy to improvise the level playing scope between SOE and private sector within the competition law perspective in Malaysia.

DISCOVERING WHAT MAKES A SME WEBSITE GOOD FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The effectiveness of websites has an impact on the representation of a SME and can have an effect on foreign trade. Thus, developing a reliable and robust model to assess the effectiveness of SME websites is important for researchers and practitioners. The aim of the study is to propose a SME website efficiency evaluation methodology from an international trade perspective. Determining the effectiveness of websites is a multi-dimensional decision-making problem which encompasses the assessment of information quality, system quality, and service quality. The criteria and sub-criteria affecting website effectiveness were determined through literature research and expert panel assistance. AHP method was utilized to determine the relative weights of the evaluation criteria in the study. Then, fuzzy linguistic variables were adopted to rank the websites of SMEs engaged in foreign trade. The proposed evaluation model identifies key factors regarding the criteria and sub-criteria of a website effectiveness. The model can provide a helpful reference in designing useful websites which are an important task for SMEs involved in international trade.