Institutional Analysis Perspective Research Articles

Chinese Feelings based on the Background of China's Three-year anti-epidemic Management

The prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic vividly reflects the four distinctive characteristics of China's governance, namely centralization, coordination, sustainability and efficiency. From the perspective of institutional analysis, China's governance advantages may be mainly attributed to three important institutions: one is the mixed economic system in which the main resources are owned by the state and the production process is subject to market competition; the other is the political system in which the Communist Party of China exercises overall leadership over state affairs system; the third is the state structure system with unitary system as the main body and centralized administrative system. Based on the background of China's management behavior in the past three years of anti-epidemic, this article describes the view of Chinese feelings under the wisdom of Chinese management in the past three years of anti-epidemic.

RELAÇÕES RACIAIS, UMA QUESTÃO ANTIMANICOMIAL

Starting from the diagnosis of structural racism in the country and the need to ensure racial equity in health management and care, we conducted a qualitative research, from the perspective of institutional analysis, in a Child Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij) to discuss mental health and racial relations. Therefore, we interviewed professionals of this service focusing on such relationships in two dimensions: health care and service management, which were discussed in the light of the literature on psychology and race relations. This paper presents part of the research results organized as follows: we initially discussed the National Policy for Integral Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) and the Race / Color Question as important tools of recognition and intervention in relation to racial inequalities in health / mental health. Then we present and discuss the interviews with the manager and administrative agent of the analyzed service, which focused, respectively, on how the service includes racial relations in its work project and how it experiences the collection of race / color. We conclude by highlighting the necessary consideration of racial relations as an anti-asylum issue, which we call the health services aquilombamento (reunion). The decolonization of care practices and the inclusion of Afro-diasporic theories and knowledge can increase the power of health action that contributes to the promotion of racial equity and the deinstitutionalization of racism.

Institutional arrangements for urban conservation

Under rapid city expansion in the twentieth century, efforts on urban conservations did not bear great fruit internationally although progress has been made. From institutional analysis perspective, we posit that the main crux of the problems lies in the misalignment of incentives among various agents in the market and the divergence of private and social costs. With reference to the most recent experiences in the USA, the UK, Serbia, China and Hong Kong, this paper takes stock and investigates the key institutional efforts contributing to the urban conservation market, namely (1) international governance, (2) regulatory frameworks, (3) financial arrangements, (4) social engagements, (5) participatory planning and (6) market innovations. We contend that integrated analyses jointly carried out by scholars in urban conservation and institutions will, on the one hand, fill the gaps in their fields, respectively, and on the other hand, shed new insights on the understanding of the social and economic value of built-heritage in achieving the long-term sustainable development of cities.

Opening the „Black Box” of Organic Agriculture in Bulgaria: the Problem with Top-down Institutional Development

Abstract The aim of this article is to examine the institutional development of organic agriculture (OA) in Bulgaria. The primary focus is on explaining certain contradictory trends observed during an examination of the phenomenon. First, although the origins of OA in Bulgaria can be traced back to the last years of socialism, it was not until 2010 that a “boom” of organic operators and certified land occurred. Second, although a full range of policies and instruments to support OA have been implemented and the importance of OA has been politically recognised, only approximately 1.1% of the agricultural land in Bulgaria is currently managed organically. Additionally, despite the development of national policies, the introduction of financial instruments and the emergence of OA organisations, the domestic organic food market is backward, as the largest portion of OA production is intended for export. Finally, there is evidence that calls into question the potential of OA to encourage socially and economically productive activities when it is motivated by subsidies rather than market value. Using the “black box” allegory to approach the above observations, this article aims to explain the institutional development of OA in Bulgaria during the period spanning 1990-2013. Using the institutional analysis perspective as an analytical tool, the article addresses two main research questions: 1) What were the driving forces behind the emergence of the OA concept and its political recognition? and 2) What factors have led to the questionable outcomes of OA development? The article also uses qualitative data to critically assess the “boom” of the OA sector, as indicated by official statistics.

Agente comunitário de saúde: desafios do trabalho na zona rural

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa objetivando conhecer os desafios do trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na zona rural de Jerônimo Monteiro - ES e identificar se estes ACS, no atendimento das demandas dos usuários rurais, além de suas atividades instituídas, buscam formas diferenciadas de produzir a sua prática. A produção do material do estudo se deu através de entrevistas e da observação. A Análise Institucional norteou a análise deste estudo. O extenso território de abrangência das USF, a grande dispersão demográfica, os acessos distantes e difíceis aos domicílios, as formas de locomoção, os animais e as visitas domiciliares no período da colheita do café foram os principais desafios do cotidiano laboral do ACS rural. Diante destes desafios e na obrigação de cumprir as ações instituídas, os ACS rurais de Jerônimo Monteiro inovam e buscam formas diferenciadas de produzir a sua prática.

Análisis institucional multiagente: el problema de estructuración y agencia en la explicación de la emergencia de estructuras de gobernanza

In this article, I undertake a theoretical study of the effects of introducing an updated perspective of structuration in governance models derived from the analytical framework of neo-institutionalism. My argument is that the way different authors have introduced the structural dimension in governance models derived from this framework, generally fails to take sufficient account of recent developments in the sociological debate on structuration and agency. To do so may lead to a multi-agent institutional analysis perspective, which permits us to question the development of governance structures aimed at the intersectorial regulation of social risks with the participation of state and non-state agents in a more suitable manner. This could improve the explanatory power of the neo-institutional framework by explicitly taking into account the problem of social agency in analyzing the emergence of said governance structures.

Práticas pedagógicas, processos de subjetivação e desejo de aprender na perspectiva institucionalista

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no ensino de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem para identificar e analisar aquelas que promovem processos de subjetivação que reforçam o desejo de aprender dos alunos. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso comparativo e de campo. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 44 docentes e 76 discentes de dois cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de Universidades Públicas Federais. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevistas e grupos focais e analisados na perspectiva da Análise Institucional. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas práticas pedagógicas diversificadas, desde as mais tradicionais como várias consideradas inovadoras e, estas últimas, revelaram-se mais propícias a processos de subjetivação que envidam um aprendizado mais significativo e prazeroso. CONCLUSÃO: As práticas inovadoras são resultados de um conjunto de fatores provocados pela dúvida em alguns valores pedagógicos que começam a ser considerados insuficientes pelos próprios sujeitos pesquisados que inovam nas suas práticas pedagógicas, o que vem provocando diferenças qualitativas no processo de aprender em enfermagem.

The social and intellectual dimensions in the construction of scientific knowledge: the institutional theory in organization studies in Brazil

Based on the assumption that scientific knowledge is a social construction, (re)produced by a community of practicing researchers, in this article we seek to delineate two dimensions of this process. The first, which we have called the social dimension, has to do with the social interactions among researchers in a determined scientific field, being evaluated as a co-authorship network. The second, the intellectual dimension, defined as the programmatic profile expressed by its substantive content and provided references, is constituted in relational citation structures. With this analytical division in mind, we set out to research how the intellectual structure is conditioned by the social relationships among researchers, with a focus on the institutional analysis perspective in organizational studies in Brazil. For this purpose, we empirically evaluated the phenomenon from the convergence of the social network analysis with the scientometric analysis, seeking support for these analyses within the structurationist perspective of the institutional theory. The results point toward a conditioning of the intellectual dimension by the social dimension since there is significant evidence from individual relationships and relationships at the group level that support the argument for a recursive relationship between the two dimensions.

Análise institucional de práticas formais de estratégia

O presente ensaio teórico endereça a questão do processo de institucionalização das práticas formais de estratégia empresarial. Para tanto, adotamos a perspectiva institucional de análise para verificar como os mecanismos normativos são utilizados por agentes sociais significativos para a disseminação e a institucionalização de práticas formais de estratégia em organizações. Por práticas formais de gestão estratégica definimos todas as ferramentas gerenciais e conceitos formalmente instituídos de prática gerencial como pertencentes ao processo de elaboração e viabilização da estratégia empresarial. Nesse sentido, destacamos o processo de planejamento estratégico, disseminado especialmente a partir da década de 70 do século passado como o modelo mais representativo da difusão e institucionalização desse tipo de prática organizacional. Concluímos nosso ensaio levantando questões relevantes para a pesquisa e para a prática no campo da estratégia em organizações a partir da relação entre teoria e prática, com base na perspectiva institucional de análise.

Place Remaking under Property Rights Regimes: A Case Study of Niucheshui, Singapore

From the perspective of institutional analysis, this paper evaluates the place-remaking process of Niucheshui in Singapore. It is found that the redevelopment of Niucheshui since the 1960s has been substantively shaped by the property rights regime over land and buildings. As property rights are defined by the state in the forms of statutory land-use planning, compulsory land acquisition, rent control, land leasing, and conservation of historical buildings, the free market for land redevelopment is reined in heavily by the state. The built form of Niucheshui before 1960 was by and large the product of many private individuals' and communities' initiatives. Those players have faded from the scene since the 1960s, and the redevelopment of Niucheshui is the result of interactions between the state and market forces, though public participation is practised in the land-use planning process. In view of the urban land market behaving and performing within a framework defined by institutions, and property rights being one of the most important institutions, we argue that, not warranted by rhetoric public participation, pluralism and diversity in the built environment are protected by a diverse structure of land property rights which should be incorporated into the place-remaking process.

An institutional analysis of software teams

Modern software is constructed by teams of software developers. The central question that this paper addresses is what policies should be enacted for structuring software teams to enhance cooperative as opposed to self-serving behavior? The contribution of this paper is in viewing software teams as being subject to a set of well-understood collective action problems: there are individual incentives to receive the joint rewards for a team-developed software project without contributing a fair share to its development. In this paper, an institutional analysis perspective is used in presenting a set of theoretical principles and an analytical framework recently developed in game theory, political economy, experimental economics, and natural resource governance for the understanding and resolution of these collective action problems. The principles and analysis framework are applied to an empirical case study of software teamwork within an academic setting. This case study shows, first, how to apply the analytic framework on an actual collective action situation. Second, it demonstrates how the theoretical understandings can be used as a basis to account for outcomes within this setting. And third, it provides an example of a particular institutional arrangement that elicits high levels of cooperation and low levels of free riding within a real-world setting. Understanding the importance of institutions for shaping individual and social behavior within software development teams makes these institutions more amenable to intentional human design.

Why is eBay the King of Internet Auctions? An Institutional Analysis Perspective

Most consumer-to-consumer Internet auctions are isomorphic to the English auction. Bids in these auctions are visible to all participants, and prices are always ascending. Using the institutional analysis approach, this article identifies three specific online auction rules that facilitate implicit collusion among buyers. The use of these rules often leads to lower revenues for the seller and lower allocative efficiency of the auction outcomes. eBay’s success has puzzled auction theorists because it was the only Web site whose auctions implement all three rules. Using a theoretical model of choice among institutions of exchange and results from experiments, this paper attempts to explain why sellers continue to use eBay even though at first sight this auction institution might not be the most profitable alternative. Estimates of eBay’s efficiency losses due to implicit collusion among buyers are also provided.

Why is eBay the King of Internet Auctions? An Institutional Analysis Perspective

Why is eBay the King of Internet Auctions? An Institutional Analysis Perspective