Perspective Drawing Research Articles

Guided Perspective Drawing: A Model-Based Method to Build Representational Competence in Organic Chemistry

Guided Perspective Drawing: A Model-Based Method to Build Representational Competence in Organic Chemistry

How Radical Exactly?

The international competition for the new regulation plan of Novi Sad was held in 1937, in which Juraj Neidhardt’s design was awarded compensation instead of a prize. However, upon further consideration, the city administration decided to adopt a new version of Neidhardt’s plan in the following years. In addition to this plan, he won the administration’s trust to design a series of lower-level plans for the city in 1938-1941. Therefore, Neidhardt became the most prominent figure in the urban planning process triggered by the 1937 competition. However, his final regulation plan for the city from 1941 was rejected in the first post-war revision in 1945, failing to lead to any fruition. Nevertheless, the researchers later characterized the radical modernist approach of this plan as the inspiration for the subsequent general plans of Novi Sad, namely due to introducing the idea of cutting new axes through the urban tissue. There is room today, however, to re-evaluate these claims about the radicalness of Neidhardt’s plan since its solutions were deemed insufficient in bringing radical quality to the urban space of Novi Sad. Furthermore, in the 1938-1941 period, he designed a series of perspective drawings for the new regulation of the streets in the oldest urban core of the city, which brought a decisively modernist approach to treating the urban heritage: keeping only a selection of the most iconic monuments while replacing the rest of it with new modernist structures. These designs can contribute to reinstate the knowledge about Neidhardt’s approach to treating historical heritage, considering his later intricate studies of Bosnian and Macedonian architectural landscapes.

Construction of meaning in survivors of suicide loss: A Spanish translation and application of the Meaning in Loss Codebook

The increasing incidence of suicide loss in many nations makes an in-depth understanding of survivors’ needs and responses a compelling priority. Accordingly, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 10 Spanish adult suicide loss survivors exploring their attempt to reaffirm or reconstruct a world of meaning that had been challenged by their loss. A qualitative analysis of the content of the interviews was carried out from both an inductive and deductive perspective drawing on a Spanish translation of the Meaning in Loss Codebook (MLC). Results documented the negative effects associated with the trauma and stigma surrounding suicide, the difficulty survivors had in finding a place to express their emotions, thoughts, and feelings related to their loss, but also their reports of personal growth during the grieving process in the form of greater strength, maturity, change in priorities, and a sense of responsibility for their lives. Moreover, the survivors reported feeling more altruistic, sensitive, empathetic, and willing to help others because of their loss, an outcome associated with their participation in organizations for suicide survivors. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the viability of studying meaning making in bereavement in Spanish speaking populations using the MLC, permitting both cross-cultural research and more attuned clinical assessment.

Extremism, racism and riots: exploring the political, social and cultural determinants of poor mental health.

The UK has seen an outbreak of riots after the death of three children in a knife attack. Misinformation about the suspect's heritage and religion was spread by social media, which was then used to incite violence and racism resulting in damage to property, terror and injuries. We put forward arguments that this was an extremist act and draw on the literature on terrorism, extremism and identity to put forward a deeper analysis of how this happened and what can be done to prevent future riots. We bring an interdisciplinary perspective drawing on research from social, cultural, psychological and political perspectives.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of different treatment modalities in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard of care (SOC) in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC and is associated with a significant health-related quality-of-life burden. Recently, promising results have been published on Gemcitabine/Docetaxel, Pembrolizumab, and Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) as salvage therapy options trying to increase the rate of bladder preservation. Here, we performed a Cost-Effectiveness-Analysis of those treatment modalities. We developed a Markov model from a payer's perspective drawing on clinical data of single-arm trials testing intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel and pembrolizumab in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, as well as clinical data from patients receiving hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy HIVEC (n = 29) as intravesical salvage chemotherapy at our uro-oncological centre in Cologne. Costs were simulated utilising a non-commercial diagnosis-related groups grouper, utilities were derived from comparable cost-effectiveness studies. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to identify the optimal treatment, comparing the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50 000 (euro)/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Over a horizon of 10 years, gemcitabine/docetaxel, HIVEC, and pembrolizumab were associated with costs of €48 353, €64 438, and €204 580, as well as a gain of QALYs of 6.16, 6.48, and 6.00, resulting in an ICER of €26 482, €42 567, and €184 533 respectively, in comparison to RC with total costs of €21 871 and a gain of QALYs of 5.01. Monte Carlo simulation identified HIVEC as the treatment of choice under assumption of a WTP of <€50 000. Considering a WTP of <€50 000/QALY, gemcitabine/docetaxel and HIVEC are highly cost-effective therapeutic options in BCG-refractory NMIBC, while RC remains the cheapest option. At its current price, pembrolizumab would only be cost-effective assuming a price reduction of at least 70%.

Transnational English language teacher wellbeing: An ecological perspective

Teacher wellbeing has recently received enormous research attention, especially post-pandemic after teachers functioned as stress absorbers in society. However, there is a group of teachers who have escaped the scrutinizing lens of researchers. Transnational teachers who leave their homeland with the hopes of a better job opportunity are an under-researched group of teachers, whose wellbeing is potentially affected by diverse factors. This article aims to uncover how major changes in expatriate teachers’ professional lives such as immigration can influence their wellbeing from an ecological perspective drawing on Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecology of human development theory. To this end, online interviews were conducted with a group of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers (N = 6) who have immigrated to Türkiye and work in Turkish private high schools. Thematic analysis of the interview data highlighted more satisfactory levels of wellbeing in these teachers compared to their counterparts residing in Iran. However, minute levels of stress were identified in these teachers that could be handled through proper planning, and techniques like finding silver linings from positive psychology. Further findings that have implications for policymakers are discussed in light of positive psychology.

An artistic perspective on individual space–time flows

ABSTRACT Cartographically, there are now many ways of depicting the spatiotemporal life of human individuals, from flow and animated maps to 3D space-time cubes. However, these scientifically led representations have limited expressive potential for the emotional and inner life of these individuals. Artistic visual forms have been identified as a resource to bring such qualitative communication to and alongside maps. In the ‘Journey as a Flow' project we attempt to represent the geometry and motivation of everyday human motion in relation to various points in the environment and within an environment of other individual flows. We have produced various visual artwork sketches in order to understand the wide range of environmental flows of an individual as well as one's perception of them. We used the space-time cube (i.e. time-geographic aquarium) as a starting point, dictated by the need to create a functional tool in which space and time were both visible, as well as having potential as a 3D tangible object for physical exhibition. This forms the basis for analyses of displacement, interaction and perception. All the modifications of this established geospatial visualisation are inspirations and incorporations from art disciplines. The project outputs therefore include inspirations from cine-plastic art and Escher’s perspective drawings, but the main part of it draws from the Italian renaissance concept of the image conceived as a framed window through which we look at the world. The idea of central perspective has also been used to portray spaces as a flow toward a specific destination. The overall set of representations depict a dynamic version of human lives, while the set of various metaphors deployed drive an artistic interpretation of how some people can perceive (their own / other) flows during their journey. A transformation has therefore occurred from a temporal flow would be conventionally spatial to one that assumes platial properties (i.e. an individually led geography of place).

Analisis Kreativitas Peserta Didik Kelas 4 SD Dalam Pembelajaran Menggambar Perspektif

This research aims to analyze the creativity of 4th grade elementary school students in learning perspective drawing. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This research wasconducted at SD 2 Dersalam, 10 November 2023. The subjects used as respondents for this research were grade 4 at SD 2 Dersalam. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation and documentation. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis results obtained from student drawing documentation meet the creativity criteria of high creativity, medium creativity, low creativity and show that drawing using perspective techniques is able to hone students’ creativity, because they are able to be creative according to their own creativity.

“Looking Glass:” Reflections on Mirrors and Transparency as Devices for Representation in Visual Arts

Today the locution “looking glass” survives almost exclusively thanks to the extraordinary success of Lewis Carroll’s novel Through the Looking-Glass. This expression underlines the ambiguity between the glass surface intended as a device through which we can see the world or as an actual object to be “looked at.” Apparently, the early Renaissance perspective window, thanks to the mildness of the Mediterranean climate, did not need any panes. And certainly, even when glass panes are there, they are usually not reproduced in painting. The glass main virtue is its transparency, which makes it almost invisible. Something similar happens with other “glasses” specifically made to look through them: the drinking glass and the lens. Glass panes appear to sight only when different practical needs come into play, as in perspective drawing machines, or when its transparency is contradicted by a precise action that compromises or denies it: when panes are broken, as in this enigmatic portrait of early XIX c., or voluntarily covered, like for a blackout, as in Duchamp’s Fresh Widow. Looking through the glass, looking at the image reflected in the mirror and, finally, looking at the glass itself, as a device for presenting and representing spaces, are three recurring attitudes in the work of Italian artists of the late 20th century, like Lucio Fontana and Luciano Fabro.

Learning Space Transformation

This research aims to develop an interior design plan for the computer laboratory at SMKN 1 North Luwu. The research methodology employed in this study is research and development (R&amp;D). The research process consists of several steps, including analyzing potential issues and challenges, accomplished through an extensive review of existing literature and on-site field studies. Data is collected through methods, including observations, interviews, and documentation. The content of the design development encompasses several crucial aspects. First, it involves the creation of a design concept for the laboratory, which is then translated into detailed 2D working drawings and 3D perspective drawings. These design proposals are rigorously assessed and validated by experts and practitioners. The outcomes of this research effort include a comprehensive interior design plan tailored specifically for the computer laboratory at SMKN 1 North Luwu. This design plan is presented through detailed 2D drawings and 3D modeling using V-ray SketchUp 2020. The validation process of the design resulted in a score of 141 with a percentage of 97.9%, indicating that the product design is highly suitable as an exemplary model for managing the computer laboratory at SMKN 1 North Luwu, with a classification of "excellent."

On the Setting of the Inner Space in the Court-house Projects of Mies van der Rohe

The purpose of this research is to reveal the setting of the inner space of Mies van der Rohe’s court-houses of the 1930’s, something that previous researchers have not written about yet. The method of analysis is based on the reconstruction of the collages and floor plans, revealing the latent design procedures of architectural creation, although hidden behind the intentional graphic distortions of Mies. The results explain how Mies refined the concept of court-house through incrementing the number of courts, thus working on a new idea on spatial dematerialization where perspective drawings were independent from layout plannings, achieving the ideal spatial atmosphere Mies had in mind. The discussion introduces three new spatial concepts rarely engaged by Mies’ scholars but that place the court-house as an ideal vision for the 21st century: comfort, refinement and amazement.

Migration and disability narratives from an intersectional perspective: a photovoice study

The aim of this paper is to explore everyday life experiences of migration and disability from an intersectional perspective drawing on issues such as gender, class, and ethnicity. This is relevant because when focus is on either migration or disability, unique challenges faced by disabled migrants are neglected, leading to fragmented support and a lack of accurate knowledge. The analysis is based on retrospective data from photovoice sessions conducted within the context of a community-based project, Disabled Refugees Welcome (DRW). A secondary analysis has involved eight of the members from the original photovoice sessions as well as academics. The results are presented in a narrative thematic analysis. The findings show how the combined effects of liminality, structural violence (lack of accessible and adapted housing, lack of access to knowledge about societal resources), and multiple discrimination risks can result in permanent exclusion.

Social Vulnerability and the Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries in U.S. Counties.

Recent research has investigated the factors associated with the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among older adults (65+), which has rapidly increased in the past decade. However, little is known about the relationship between social vulnerability and the prevalence of OUD, and even less is about whether the correlates of the prevalence of OUD vary across the social vulnerability spectrum. This study aims to fill these gaps. We assemble a county-level data set in the contiguous United States (U.S.) by merging 2021 Medicare claims with the CDC's social vulnerability index and other covariates. Using the total number of older beneficiaries with OUD as the dependent variable and the total number of older beneficiaries as the offset, we implement a series of nested negative binomial regression models and then analyze by social vulnerability quartiles. Higher social vulnerability is associated with higher prevalence of OUD in U.S. counties. This association cannot be fully explained by the differences in the characteristics of older Medicare beneficiaries (e.g., average age) and/or other social conditions (e.g., social capital) across counties. Moreover, the group comparison tests indicate correlates of the prevalence of OUD vary across social vulnerability quartiles in that the average number of mental disorders is positively related to OUD prevalence in the least and the most vulnerable counties and social capital benefits the less vulnerable counties. A perspective drawing upon contextual factors, especially social vulnerability, may be more effective in reducing OUD among older adults in U.S. counties than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Pelatihan Menggambar Dengan Teknik Menggambar Perspektif Pada SMK Negeri 9 Medan

Perspective or point of view is a technique or method for drawing objects in the form of objects, rooms (interiors), and environments (exteriors) that are larger in size than humans. This technique was created due to the limited visibility of our eyes in seeing objects. The farther the eye can see, the smaller it appears and will even disappear from view at a certain distance. Conversely, the closer our eyes look, the object will appear bigger. Two things must be used as a benchmark in perspective drawing techniques. Perspective in general means images that are used to communicate objects in the form of objects, spaces, environments that are visible to the human eye on a flat plane. Perspective drawing is an image that technically uses a vanishing point. Perspective drawing itself is a form of 3-dimensional images.

Level Perspective

Abstract: Level Perspectives or so-called (Parallel and Angular Perspectives) appear when the camera is set level. In other words, the center line of vision is level. Such perspective drawings appear to converge in one or two vanishing points, in accordance with the position of the object with respect to the observer. Thus, the verticals will always remain vertical in Level Perspective. Those who study perspective drawing are familiar with only one method that involves the Station Point to define the verticals in perspective. However, horizontal structures, such as, patterns on the floor or ceiling, or any top projection would be hard to draw by applying the conventional method. My approach is using a method appropriate to the line-directions in the top view or the plan. Thus, there is one method for each of the skew lines, vertical lines and horizontal lines in the plan. Each method is simple as it only consists of two or three lines. The conventional method also consists of two lines which is appropriate for all vertical edges, but it can’t be applied to level structures. Interior Designs are hard to do using the conventional method. That is the reason to use freehand sketches in interior designs. However, it will be seen how easy to do interior perspectives using my methods.

Self-Absorption in the Digital Era: A Review of "Self-Improvement

Mark Coeckelbergh is a Belgian philosopher who specializes in the philosophy of technology. His work primarily explores the intersection of technology and society, specifically the philosophical implications of emerging technologies such as AI and robotics. He has written on whether machines can be moral agents and how ethical frameworks should be applied to autonomous machines. He has a broad philosophical perspective drawing on classical sources, Eastern philosophy, Marxism, Foucault, phenomenology, and the postmodernists. In this short text, he brings his remarkable insights and erudition to bear on our attempts at self-improvement in the age of AI.

Precarious inclusion: A collaborative account of casualisation and teaching leadership challenges at the post-pandemic university

PurposeThis paper emerged from the challenges encountered by both authors as academics during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Based on their subsequent reflections on inclusion in education for minoritised academics in pandemic-affected institutional contexts, they argue that beyond student-centred foci for inclusion, equity in the field, is equally significant for diverse teachers. Working as tempered radicals, they contend that anything less is exclusionary.Design/methodology/approachUsing a reciprocal interview method and drawing on Freirean ideals of dialogue and education as freedom from oppression, the authors offer dual perspectives from specific positionings as a non-tenured woman academic of colour and a tenured staff member with a disability.FindingsIn framing this work dialogically and through Freirean ideals of conscientização, the authors' collective discussions politicise personal experiences of marginalisation in the teaching and researching of inclusion in education for preservice teachers, or more pointedly, in demonstrating the responsibility of all to orientate towards context-dependent inclusive practices. They assert that to enable educators to develop inclusion-oriented practice, the contextual frameworks need to ensure that they question their own experiences of inclusion as potentially precarious to enable meaningful teaching practice.Research limitations/implicationsIt offers perspectives drawing on race, dis/ability and gender drawing on two voices. The bivocal perspective is in itself limitation. It is also located within a very Australian context. However, it does have the scope to be applied globally and there is opportunity to further develop the argument using more intersectional variables.Practical implicationsThe paper clearly highlights that universities require a sharper understanding of diversity, and minoritised staff's quotidian negotiations of marginalisations. Concomitantly inclusion and valuing of the epistemologies of minoritised groups facilitate meaningful participation of these groups in higher education contexts.Social implicationsThis article calls for a more nuanced, empathetic and critical understanding of issues related to race and disability within Australian and global academe. This is much required given rapidly shifting demographics within Australian and other higher education contexts, as well as the global migration trajectories.Originality/valueThis is an original research submission which contributes to debates around race and disability in HE. It has the potential to provoke further conversations and incorporates both hope and realism while stressing collaboration within the academic ecosystem to build metaphorical spaces of inclusion for the minoritised.

Differentiated Instruction Efficiency of the Design Courses for Engineering Majors in a Smart Education Environment

The differentiated instructional strategy has been widely applied in countries around the world. However, the differentiated instruction of the design courses for engineering majors still has some barriers in term of learners, teachers, and attributes of the design courses in the smart education environment. To discuss the influences of the differentiated instructional strategy of the design courses for engineering majors on course achievement of learners in the smart education environment, a case study based on the course of “Architectural Interior Hand-painted Renderings” was conducted using two-group pre-test and post-test methods. The differentiated instructional strategy for this course in the smart education environment was designed to investigate its actual effect toward improving the learners’ course achievement, as well as its staged efficiency in preview, classroom learning, and creating learning through the student’s t-test from perspectives of its influence significance and staged efficiency. Results show that compared with traditional instructional strategy, differentiated instructional strategy can improve course achievement of learners significantly. During classroom learning, learners from the differentiated instruction class achieve significant improvements in term of “picture composition”, “line drawing”, “perspective drawing” and “color construction” compared with those during the preview. Learners further achieve significant improvements in terms of “picture composition,” “line drawing,” “perspective drawing,” and “creativity” during creating learning compared with those during classroom learning. Differentiated instruction has significant influences on improvement of the learners’ course achievement at different levels. This study provides method references to differentiated instruction design for engineering majors in smart education environment and offers a way to fulfill personalized needs of differential learners and improve teaching efficiency.

Prison behavior and the self: exploring the relationship between different forms of identity and prison misconduct

ABSTRACT Identity or self-concept has long been theorized to explain rule-violating behavior. Life-course criminology scholarship has incorporated identity as a core concept explaining desistance or disengagement from crime over time. Individuals who transform their identities from anti to prosocial or who are ready to move away from their past selves are more likely to desist from crime. However, the role of identity, particularly the forms of identity that have been theorized to influence desistance, has been understudied with respect to prison behavior. Understanding the ways in which identity relates to prison misconduct may help inform prison programming as well as theoretical perspectives drawing on the concept. The purpose of this study is to explore how various forms of identity are related to future prison misconduct, controlling for past misconduct and a host of other theoretical variables, in Minnesota prisons. The results indicate that two forms of identity, replacement self and cognitive transformation, are related to general misconduct but not violent misconduct in survival models. For general misconduct, both forms of identity are associated with a reduction in the risk of new convictions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

A Pedagogical Approach Using Digitalization and Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) for a New Practice in Architecture and Archaeology

In the past years, architectural heritage was represented and described through 2D plans, sections, perspective drawings, pictures, and texts. But, in the last decades, with the development of digital tools such as 3D scanner laser and photogrammetry, new technologies have been introduced in the digital survey of architectural heritage and 3D modelling. In this regard, we noticed that students, architects, and archaeologists still do not use photogrammetry and lasergrammetry in their work. Some of them found those methods difficult and expensive. This paper aims to describe a methodology of digitizing architectural artefacts based on digital tools such as photogrammetry and lasergrammetry that allows representing realistic and accurate 3D models and then to explain the steps that lead to introducing photogrammetric model from Autodesk recap photo software in the Autodesk Revit software to have a Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) project that is useful for architectural intervention on cultural heritage using digital platform allowing multidisciplinary collaboration in architectural projects. The field of experimentation is our teaching courses with the students at the national school of architecture and urban planning in Tunisia in different sites. The student’s results are promising in the new practice of Digital Architecture and Digital Archeology and the HBIM can be a conception aid design.