Personal Time Research Articles

GAS LEVEL DETECTION AND AUTOMATIC BOOKING NOTIFICATION

Gas booking is a major requirement in every individual life. The need of this project is to save time while booking of gas. When we call the gas agent our request may not be recorded or call cannot be connected. These are all waste of the person's time. If we have not noted the completion of gas, we need to book it in black for money. By this project the level of the gas will be monitored at all the time and we get alert when gas is about to complete or critically low.In this project we would like to introduce a arduino based system in which the load cell used to discover the weight of the gas present inside the cylinder .The gas sensor is used to measure or detect the gas leakage in the system. The sensor has the proper sensitivity and the brief reaction time at fewer prices. If gas completion is identified message to the lawful candidate or family member through the usage of the cloud, it alerts the lawful candidate or family member by sending the notification to refill the cylinder. Key words: Gas Booking , Gas Sensors , Monitored , Level of Gas , Cylinder , Aurdino.

Phase and structural investigations of the content of natural radionuclides in rock and inorganic building materials

The population living in areas rich in granites, minerals and soils with high concentrations of natural radionuclides is exposed to higher external radiation. Significant part of a person's time resides in buildings where he lives and works. The walls, floors and roofs of the buildings shield (weaken) the external gamma background. The aim of the work is to determine the content of natural radionuclides in rock and inorganic materials used as building materials of samples taken from different buildings in Southern Bulgaria by analysing the samples and measuring their natural radioactivity, then to compare the results with the maximum concentrations of activity in common building materials. also used in the EU.The data obtained from the analyzes do not give grounds to expect the generation of radionuclides from natural and conventional inorganic building materials used in the studied areas.

Association of alcohol use disorder on alcohol-related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and death: a population-based, matched cohort study.

High-risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol-related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. Rates were modeled using generalized linear models with either negative binomial distribution or Poisson distribution and a log offset of person-years to account for each person's time to follow-up. Manitoba, Canada. Individuals aged ≥12years with a first indication of AUD (index date) between 1April 1990 and 31March 2015 were matched to five controls based on age, sex and geographical region at index. This study included 53 410 individuals with AUD and 264 857 matched controls. Adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each outcome from 5years prior to and 20years after AUD detection. Alcohol-related cancers (aRR=4.85, 95% CI=3.88-6.07 and aRR=1.85, 95% CI=1.35-2.53 for men and women, respectively), diabetes (aRR=1.74, 95% CI=1.50-2.02 and aRR=2.43, 95% CI=2.20-2.68) and IHD (aRR=3.59, 95% CI=3.31-3.90 and aRR=2.92, 95% CI=2.50-3.41) peaked in the 1year prior to index for those with AUD compared with matched controls. All-cause mortality (aRR=3.31, 95% CI=3.09-3.55 and aRR=3.61, 95% CI=3.21-4.04) was highest in the year of index and remained higher among cases compared with controls throughout the 20-year follow-up. People with alcohol use disorder appear to have higher rates of adverse health outcomes in the year before alcohol use disorder recognition, and death at the time of alcohol use disorder recognition, compared with matched controls.

Kecanduan Game Online dan Empati pada Mahasiswa

Empathy is a person's ability to recognize and understand the emotions, thoughts and attitudes of others. One of the things that affect one's empathy is addiction to online games. This study aims to determine whether the level of online gaming addiction will reduce empathy in students. The research subjects were 120 students of the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Suska Riau, obtained using purposive sampling. The instrument in this study is the online game addiction scale which is a modification of the Chen and Chang scale and the result of the adaptation and modification of the empathy scale of the Davis scale. Pearson correlation analysis results obtained there is a negative relationship between online game addiction with empathy for students means that the higher the duration of a person's time playing online games, the less the level of one's empathy. Keywords: Empathy, Addiction to online games

Higher Acuity Resource Utilization With Older Age and Poorer HIV Control in Adolescents and Young Adults in the HIV Research Network.

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with HIV experience poorer health outcomes compared with adults. To improve care for AYA with HIV, information about patterns of costly health care resource utilization is needed. Among 13-30 year olds in the US HIV Research Network, we stratified outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and inpatient days/person-year (PY) by HIV acquisition model [perinatal (PHIVY) and nonperinatal (NPHIVY)], age (13-17, 18-23, and 24-30 years), CD4 strata (<200, 200-499, and ≥500 cells/µL), and viral load (VL) suppression (<, ≥400 copies/mL [c/mL]) combined with antiretroviral (ARV) use. Among 4540 AYA (PHIVY: 15%; NPHIVY: 85%), mean follow-up was 2.8 years. Among PHIVY, most person-time (PT) was spent between ages 13 and 23 years (13-17 years: 43%; 18-23 years: 45%), CD4 ≥500/µL (61%), and VL <400 c/mL (69%). Among NPHIVY, most PT was spent between ages 24 and 30 years (56%), with CD4 ≥500/µL (54%), and with VL <400 c/mL (67%). PT spent while prescribed ARVs and with VL ≥400 c/mL was 29% (PHIVY) and 24% (NPHIVY). For PHIVY and NPHIVY, outpatient visit rates were higher at younger ages (13-17 years and 18-23 years), lower CD4 (<200 and 200-499/µL), and among those prescribed ARVs. Rates of ED visits and inpatient days were higher during PT spent at older ages (18-23 years and 24-30 years), lower CD4 (<200 and 200-499/µL), and VL ≥400 c/mL. Utilization was higher among PHIVY than NPHIVY (outpatient: 12.1 vs. 6.0/PY; ED: 0.4 vs. 0.3/PY; inpatient: 1.5 vs. 0.8/PY). More ED visits and inpatient days were observed during time spent at older ages, lower CD4 count, and VL ≥400 c/mL. Interventions to improve virologic suppression and immune response may improve outcomes, and thus decrease costly resource utilization, for AYA with HIV.

2520. Resource utilization in adolescents and young adults with HIV in the HIV Research Network

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYA) with HIV experience worse health outcomes than adults with HIV in the United States. Little is known about AYA patterns of utilization of costly healthcare resources.MethodsWe estimated utilization of outpatient, emergency department (ED), and inpatient care among 13–30 year-olds from 2006–2015. We stratified outpatient visits, ED visits and inpatient days per person-year (PY) by transmission mode (perinatal (PHIVY), non-perinatal (NPHIVY), age (13–17, 18–23, 24–30 years), CD4 strata (< 200, 200–499, ≥ 500 cells/µL) and presence or absence of viral load (VL) suppression (<, ≥ 400 copies/mL[c/mL]) combined with antiretroviral (ARV) use. We also quantified outpatient, ED, and inpatient care associated with specific AIDS-defining conditions.ResultsAmong 4,450 AYA (PHIVY: 15%; NPHIVY: 85%), mean (SD) follow-up was 2.8 years (2.5) [PHIVY: 4.2 years (3.1); NPHIVY: 2.5 years (2.3)]. Mean age was 21.4 years (PHIVY: 16.9 years; NPHIVY: 22.3 years) and female sex was 28% (PHIVY: 52%; NPHIVY: 23%). Among PHIVY, most person-time (PT) was spent between ages 13–23 years (13–17 years: 43%; 18–23 years: 45%), CD4 ≥ 500/µL (61%), and VL < 400 c/mL (69%). Among NPHIVY, most PT was spent between ages 24 and 30 years (56%), CD4 ≥ 500/µL (54%), and VL < 400 c/mL (66%). PT spent while prescribed ARVs and VL ≥ 400 c/mL was 30% (PHIVY) and 24% (NPHIVY). For both PHIVY and NPHIVY, outpatient visit rates were higher at younger ages (13–17 years and 18–23 years), lower CD4 (< 200, 200–499/µL), and among those prescribed ARVs (Figure 1). Rates of ED visits and inpatient days were higher during PT spent at older ages (18–23 years, 24–30 years), lower CD4 (< 200, 200–499/µL), and VL ≥ 400 c/mL (Figures 2 and 3). Overall, utilization was higher among PHIVY than NPHIVY (outpatient: 12.1 vs. 6.0/PY; ED: 0.4 vs. 0.3/PY; inpatient: 1.5 vs. 0.8/PY). The overall rate of AIDS-defining conditions was 4.5/100 PY (Figure 4).ConclusionAmong AYA with HIV, more ED visits and inpatient days were observed during time spent at older ages, lower CD4 counts, and VL ≥ 400 c/mL. While AIDS-defining conditions were rare, associated resource utilization was substantial. Interventions to improve retention in care, virologic suppression, and immune response may improve outcomes, and thus decrease costly resource utilization, for AYA with HIV as they transition to adulthood. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

THE STUDY OF MONETARY BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF PERSONAL TIME CONCEPTION AND TIME ORIENTATION

Numerous studies are well-known in the field of behavioral economics which are aimed to explore the relationships between the psychological factors and the monetary behavior. However, a wide range of psychological aspects of financial management continues to remain unexplored, such as the interrelation of financial strategies, goals and plans with person's time perspective, time preference and orientation. Our article is focused on a comprehensive study of person's monetary and financial management strategies in the context of time conception and time orientation.

Time perspective and associated factors in Brazilians living with HIV.

a person's time perspective can be an important variable for the understanding of behaviours that interfere with the quality of life of people living with HIV. to analyse the relationships between socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural variables and the time perspective in Brazilians living with HIV. a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 281 people living with HIV in Brazil. The time perspective was evaluated using the Zimbardo Temporal Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-25). the main findings indicate that people living with HIV are more oriented towards a future and positive past perspective, and that socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural factors may influence the different temporal perspective constructs in people living with HIV. health professionals can use the results of the present study to support strategies that encourage individuals living with HIV to self-care and lead healthier lives.

Факторная структура модусов временной перспективы личности в контексте переживания актуального смыслового состояния

Факторная структура модусов временной перспективы личности в контексте переживания актуального смыслового состояния

Analyzing the travel time of car-following model on an open road

In this paper, we apply car-following model to explore each person's travel time and the system's total travel time on an open road. The analytical and numerical results illustrate that each person's travel time and the system's total cost are directly related to each person's time headway at the origin when the road is long enough and the number of persons is large enough in the traffic system. The above results can help traffic engineers to optimize each person's arrival rate and help readers to understand the relationship between each person's travel time and his arrival rate.

Distortions of Time Perception during Critical Situations

Humans are good at estimating durations of time. The person's time perception is affected by emotion (Eiser, 2009). To allow for these predictions, an internal signal that provides the organism with a sense of time has to exist. An information-processing model of Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) and its evolution into the neurobiologically plausible Striatal Beat-Frequency (SBF) theory, contemporaneously are the most accepted to explain this ability to perceive time (van Rijn, Gu & Meck, 2014). According to this theory initially developed by Gibbon et al, the “internal clock” is comprised of a pacemaker that emits pulses at a regular rate and a switch controls how many pulses enter into an accumulator, which stores the number of pulses during the event to be timed. With longer stimulus duration, more pulses are accumulated and consequently the higher the value of the time (Weber’s law) (Gibbon, 1977).

Professional occupation and the number of teeth retained among older adults aged 50 and above.

To examine the association between occupational characteristics and number of natural teeth retained among older adults aged 50 and above. Despite the integral part of the professional occupation of a person's time, few studies have examined the effect of the occupational environment on one's oral health. Self-administered questionnaires were randomly distributed among 280 participants, who had at least one professional occupation over a period of 10 years or more. Data from the questionnaire were collected concerning variables related to professional occupation and the self-reported number of natural teeth retained. The data were analysed using a logistic regression analysis with stepwise-backward selection. Significant risk factors for the number of natural teeth being ≤25 were age (p < 0.001), years of education (p = 0.019) and a hospital/commercial environment of work (p = 0.021). The odds ratio for the number of natural teeth ≤25 increased with each year by 1.109, decreased with each additional year of education by 0.881, and was 2.693 folds higher for individuals working in a hospital/commercial environment compared to those in an office environment. These findings suggest the importance of operating community-based oral health programmes for these occupational risk groups. The results from this study also implicate the need for further studies of this subject to find the underlying reasons for these occupational environmental risks.

Will Rest for the Weary Wear Everybody Out?

Will Rest for the Weary Wear Everybody Out?

Human error in maintenance: An investigative study for the factories of the future

This paper presents a study of human error in maintenance. Many different aspects of human error in maintenance considered useful for the factories of the future are studied, including facts, figures, and examples; occurrence of maintenance error in equipment life cycle, elements of a maintenance person's time, maintenance environment and the causes for the occurrence of maintenance error, types and typical maintenance errors, common maintainability design errors and useful design guidelines to reduce equipment maintenance errors, maintenance work instructions, and maintenance error analysis methods.

Identification of income-leisure preferences and evaluation of income tax policy

The merits of alternative income tax policies depend on the population distribution of preferences for income and leisure. Standard theory, which supposes that persons want more income and more leisure, does not predict how they resolve the tension between these desires. Empirical studies of labor supply have imposed strong preference assumptions that lack foundation. This paper examines anew the problem of inference on incomeleisure preferences and considers the implications for evaluation of tax policy. I first perform a basic revealed-preference analysis assuming only that persons prefer more income and leisure. This shows that observation of a person's time allocation under a status quo tax policy may bound his allocation under a proposed policy or may have no implications, depending on the tax schedules and the person's status quo time allocation. I next explore the identifying power of two classes of assumptions that restrict the distribution of incomeleisure preferences. One assumes that groups of persons who face different choice sets have the same preference distribution. The second restricts the shape of this distribution. The generic finding is partial identification of preferences. This implies partial prediction of tax revenue under proposed policies and partial knowledge of the welfare function for utilitarian policy evaluation. Keywords. Revealed preference analysis, partial identification, labor supply. JEL classification. C14, C25, H21, H24, J22.

Relative Importance of Abstinence in Clients’ and Clinicians’ Perspectives of Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Abuse

This study collected data on drug and alcohol workers’ (n = 55) and clients’ (n = 139) perspectives on what constitutes a “recovery” from substance use disorder. Data were collected during 2010 from four residential faith-based treatment programs across the east coast of Australia. Self-report surveys specifically designed for this study were administered. Responses were compared using nonparametric test. Abstinence was seen as an important component of recovery but nonabstinent factors were also seen as having an important role. Staff placed more emphasis on clients taking responsibility for their problems and on the role of spiritual development. The importance of nonabstinence components was positively associated with a person's time in treatment and recovery. Implications, limitations, and future directions are noted.

Effects of music therapy on spirituality with patients on a medical oncology/hematology unit: A mixed-methods approach

Despite considerable interest in the potential relationship between oncology and spirituality, it remains unclear how the spiritual wellbeing of patients is best addressed in health care environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three music therapy doses on spirituality in patients on a medical oncology/hematology unit (N=17). The researchers measured participants’ faith, peace, and meaning by using the FACIT-Sp. tool (Brady, Peterman, Fitchett, Mo, & Cella, 1999) at pre- and posttest during a randomized controlled design. The researchers also incorporated interviews from patients concerning potential effects of music therapy and spirituality. Quantitative results indicated significant between-group differences in peace and faith subscales, with participants in the music therapy condition having higher posttest means than participants in the control condition. Qualitative data tended to support the importance of music therapy in meeting spiritual needs: Results of a thematic analysis indicated music therapy helped participants feel closer to God and elevated their moods. Consistent with the literature base, participants noted that that spiritual needs should indeed be addressed during a person's time at the hospital. Limitations of the study, areas for future investigation, and implications for clinical practice are provided.

The role of time perspective in coping behavior

An extremely important component of a person's mental health and psychological well-being is the ability to independently define the purposes of one's life, and also to have available in one's image of the world an extended and substantial time perspective, oriented to the future. Time is one of the important but extremely little used resources of a person's mental organization and self-realization in society. As a consequence, in intricate social conflicts or difficult life situations, the loss of time perspective means the loss of one's life purposes, and is one of the symptoms of an approaching life crisis. In formation and development, time determi- nants become an integral element of personality structure, consciousness, and the developing-person criterion (Zinchenko & Morgunov, 1994). Therefore, a person's time perspective can be considered as an indication of an ability to handle dif- ficult situations and to choose strategies for coping with them. As Zinchenko and Morgunov (1994) note, people can develop their personalities only when they are time-conscious: when they master time and create their own time.Another Russian psychologist, L. S. Vygotsky, points out that human formation into an individual and personality assumes a specific combination or time coincidence of internal development processes with external conditions, which is typical for each age-stage of ontogenesis (1982, p. 108). Hence, the formation of time perspective becomes a means of self-control, and of developing coping strategies in difficult situations. Today, studying the development of time perspectives, not only in the context of personality formation but also in the context of the development of coping strategies in conflict situations, has become a matter of primary importance. The theoretical-methodological basis of research in Russian psychology is presented by Vygotsky in his cultural-historical approach to understanding a person and her/his formation. The implementation of this approach has found its continuation and further development in the works of such prominent psychologists as L. I. Bozhovich, A. N. Leontiev, A. V. Zaporozhets, and D. B. Elconin, and also in the works of S. L. Rubinshtein and K. A. Abulhanova-Slavskaya on the prob- lems connected with the course of life and personal time, and also on the concept of personality chronotope highlighted by A. A. Uhtomsky, M. M. Bakhtin, and V. P. Zinchenko.Time perspectiveIn Russia, psychological problems related to a person's time perspective have been discussed by K. A. Abulhanova-Slavskaya, T. N. Berezina, A. K. Bolotova, E. I. Golovaha, A. K. Kronik, I. S. Kon, N. N. Tolstyh, E. N. Osin, A. Sircova, and others.With regard to the experience of time, Rubinshtein (1977) has put forward the idea of a person's course of life, a subjective picture of his/her life. Rubinshtein stresses the necessity of taking into account a person's ability to change his or her life. Another of Rubinshtein's concepts covers the subject of life and the principle of personality analysis through life activity.In foreign psychology the notion of time perspective has been introduced by Kurt Levin (2001), who views it as a person's vision of his or her future and past in the present. In addition, the cognitive choice and emotional experiences connected with past or future events can have an impact on the person's activity here and now, and can motivate future actions. B. V. Zeigarnik, Levin's pupil and a well-known Russian psychologist, believes that past experience, being an essential characteristic of a person's dynamics, can play an important role in determining life perspectives, setting time milestones, and reaching objectives. Zeigarnik points out that the ability to give a more or less objective assessment of a situation from the point view of its present and future development, and to find a way to set feasible goals, is a necessary and important condition for the formation of personality (Zeigarnik, 1971). …

Your Teams Aren't Good Enough

Welcome to Reality Check. In this column, I'll paint provocative pictures for innovation managers based on snippets from science, history, demographics, and respected business observers. As an experimental scientist, I promise to be objective and cite my sources. As a former senior manager in a Fortune 100 corporation, I'll strive to make this column worth your attention. As a lifelong rebel against intellectual laziness and unexamined premises, I'll try to make you think. If you sometimes find the conclusions unsettling, that will be because the evidence is convincing and the arrow's found its mark. Many thanks to Jim Euchner and MaryAnne Gobble for the opportunity! Your Teams Aren't Good Enough It's a pretty bald assertion. But what we know about people and knowledge, communication and teamwork, and the speed of change makes it certain: It's almost impossible that you have the team you need today, especially if you're building teams the old-fashioned way, by selecting people to work on a project from available employees. People and Knowledge Herbert Simon, computer scientist and Nobel Laureate in economics, did a study of chess grandmasters, from which he concluded that an expert's memory can hold about 50,000 chunks--action-oriented facts or patterns (Simon 1996, 89-93). He also concluded that it takes about a decade of hard practice to attain such knowledge, the 10,000 hours of practice that Malcolm Gladwell (2008) concludes separate the best from the mediocre. If anything, it's taking longer to become an expert as the ever-growing mountain of world knowledge is stretching the time it takes to develop creative expertise (Jones 2009). Now consider a big, important business project, and try to estimate how many little facts might matter along the way. In my first career, pharmaceutical drug discovery, a project might easily require many thousands of nuggets: facts about historic approaches, biochemistry, tissue biology, physical properties, synthetic chemistry, patents, toxicity, disease, economics, regulations, and on and on. I suspect it's no different if you're designing and selling aircraft, automobiles, smart-phones, or financial systems. It may be becoming more true as software becomes the differentiator in so many products, because software systems may be the most complex things that humans have ever created (Brooks 1995). Conclusion: Developing new, market-creating or market-leading products takes world-class talent, built on a mass of detail and experience that takes an individual many years to acquire. Communication and Teamwork To accommodate the growing complexity of projects and the limits of any one person's time and knowledge, work is increasingly done in teams, and the teams are getting larger (Jones 2009, figure 1C). But teamwork has intrinsic limits: Brooks's Law (The way to slow down a project is to put more people on it) captures the tradeoff between the benefit of distributing the work to more people and the exponential growth in the inefficiency of interpersonal communication as teams expand (Brooks 1995). To work together, people must share not only facts but trust; unfortunately, our circles of trust are modest in size and slowly built (Dunbar 1997). The scaling math is not good: for a team of n people, the number of connections for facts and trust grows as n-squared, which is why the rule of thumb for effective team size is a number between four and ten. Bigger teams will have idle participants and bog down in slow decision-making. Fighting that tendency exacts a cost in hands-on management. But if a team should be small, can we count on it to pick up the knowledge it needs from the rest of the company without having to formalize those connections? A large study at Cornell suggests not; an analysis of 14 million e-mails among 43,000 students showed that people at three or more degrees of separation (Alice knows Bob, who knows Christine, who knows David) will essentially never communicate (daily probability about 0. …

Invest in the Future: Become a Volunteer in Your Professional Nursing Organization

In this article, volunteer activity in professional organizations is explored. Volunteerism is defined as the giving of a person's time, energy, and talent to organizations without monetary compensation. A combination of other-serving or altruistic and self-serving or instrumental factors motivates people to volunteer. Examples of these motivations include wanting to help others, contributing to an important cause, encouraging an action, belonging to a community that promotes a positive sense of self believing in a professional commitment to serve others, and being passionate about the things an organization brings to a profession. Challenges surrounding volunteerism are discussed in this article, and activities and opportunities for volunteer involvement in professional organizations are illustrated. Personal examples related to the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) that detail the ways in which members can get involved also are highlighted.