Personnel In Korea Research Articles

대체복무제의 개선방향에 관한 소고

It is meaningful to look back on the current alternative service system at the present time, three years after the alternative service system was implemented. In particular, considering that there is still controversy over the punishment of the alternative service system, it is necessary to reconsider what direction the alternative service system should have in the future. Currently, alternative service personnel in Korea are serving in correctional facilities for 36 months, twice the length of active military service, which is longer than the maximum difference between the general military service period and the alternative service period in Armenia, which the European Court of Human Rights called punitive. In addition, in Armenia, it was controversial that the place of service should be at the workplace 24 hours a day, even though the place of service was various private institutions such as orphanages, nursing homes, mental health institutions, and facilities for the disabled. In Korea, the form of having to serve in a single place called correctional facilities and camp service can be even more problematic. In fact, although there are no uniformly established standards under international law regarding the period of alternative service, according to the recommendations of the Ministerial Committee within the European Council and the decisions of the UN Human Rights Commission, it is mentioned that the period of alternative service should be within a reasonable range that is non-punitive. In addition, among the countries implementing alternative service, the largest difference in period of less than 1.5 times was found. And the European countries have alternative service institutions in various fields, such as social welfare, health, culture, religion, peace, education, the environment, and emergency rescue, and Korea also needs to prepare a variety of service institutions as possible in addition to correctional facilities. In addition, in terms of diversifying service types, it is necessary to consider a method of distinguishing between the types of service that can be served as non-combatants within the military and the types of alternative service of civilians outside the military. Lastly, considering that there are countries that have abolished the interview survey in the process of applying for alternative service, and this was a measure of respect for the freedom of conscience of conscientious objectors, I think Korea needs to consider discussing it in the long run.

베이지안 모델을 활용한 서울시 자치구별 범죄예측지도 연구

The issue of police personnel in Korea has been continuously raised. Efforts are being made to this end in various ways, but the police are still suffering from manpower shortages and heavy work due to policy changes such as “Adjustment of Investigative Rights between the Police and the Prosecution”. In relation to efficient police activities, a notable measure is the use of crime map based on crime big data. This study examined crime maps used at home and abroad, predicted crime rates for each district in Seoul based on Bayesian model, and visualized them to implement crime maps for each district in Seoul for contributing efficient police patrol activities and crime prevention, and moreover to help Primary crime prevention of citizens.
 To achieve the research purpose, this study looked at crime maps used in the United Kingdom, United States, and Korea’s and how they were used. Furthermore, this study tried to predict crimes in Seoul by district using CCTV, drinking establishment, schools and foot traffic data. Finally, based on the predicted analysis values, visualization of crime map for each district in Seoul was implemented.
 Unlike overseas crime maps, crime maps currently used in Korea were somewhat closed way(only limited users can use it or the algorithm has not been made public). Based on literature review, this study attempted to implement crime map that can be disclosed to private citizens based on the Bayesian model which is rising in the field of criminal investigation. Accordingly, database was established by collecting CCTV, drinking establishment, schools and foot traffic data for each district in Seoul. The Bayesian model, which predicted crime occurrence using the collected data, showed an average accuracy of about 87% which is higher accuracy than other crime prediction program abroad. Finally, visualized as a crime map based on the analysis results.
 The active use of crime map is highly valuable. It can help police's manpower shortage and heavy work, moreover private citizens too. Currently, Korea has also introduced and started operating crime map, but due to police’s confidentiality, it is difficult for private citizens to feel the efficiency of crime map. Crime map can be more valuable depending on how it is used, so if the police actively release crime map to the public, will get a great response.

Current Status of Ophthalmic Optometry Laboratory Personnel in Korea, Japan, and the United States

Current Status of Ophthalmic Optometry Laboratory Personnel in Korea, Japan, and the United States

Occupational health and safety of dental personnel in Korea

This study aimed to investigate occupational risk among dental practitioners and its associated factors. Ma-terials and Methods. A total of 505 dentists and other dental staff from Korean dental institutions were includedin this study. A self-report questionnaire on demographic characteristics, perception and experience of occupa-tional hazards, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and type of musculoskeletal problems, were distributed to the participants. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting the perception of occupational hazards. Results. Among the participants, 61.58% were dentists and 38.42% were dental staff (dental hygien-ists, dental technologists, and other office workers). Overall, 48.12% had a serious perception of occupationalhazards, and 77.53% had experienced occupational hazards. The common occupational hazards encounteredwere stress (20.58%), exposure to hazardous materials (15.44%), and cross-infections (14.75%). Regardless ofparticipants’ occupation and their perception of occupational hazards, musculoskeletal problems had the high-est prevalence (35.94%) (neck/shoulder pain [35.53%], lower back pain [24.74%], and wrist pain [19.07%]).Those with experience of occupational hazards and musculoskeletal problems were more likely to recognize occupational hazards (odds ratio 5.186 and 1.535, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion. Approximately half of the dental workers were aware of the risk of occupational hazards. This study highlighted that the more the partici-pants experience occupational hazards, the more likely they are to recognize occupational hazards. The high prevalence of physical and mental occupational hazards indicates the need for preventive measures to reduce occupational risk in dental practices.

How Policy Instruments Shape Recipients’ Evaluations of Service: The Case of Housing Policy for Military Personnel in Korea

Many governments have implemented indirect policy instruments as an alternative to direct instruments for providing public services. However, the effectiveness of the instruments from the perspective of recipients has not yet been compared in depth in the literature. This study investigates the recipients’ evaluation of the differences between public housing and housing vouchers, which were exogenously assigned by the government to recipients, using ordered logit and generalized ordered logit models to analyze data collected in 2019 from Korean military personnel. The findings indicate that the evaluations of the services delivered by housing vouchers were more positive than those of public housing, and the magnitude of the difference between evaluations varied according to the attributes of the household decision makers and the rural or urban location of the leased house. These findings provide empirically grounded contributions to the selection of policy instruments and uncover the contexts in which each policy instrument may be implemented for the best effect.

An Analysis of the Distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale Scores across Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) Regions.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was devised in 1974 as a way of tracking the progress of neurosurgical coma patients. It is comprised of three components: eye movement, response to verbal commands, and motor function. Since then, it has become the primary tool in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and emergency departments for assessing cognitive function and triaging patients in the setting of acute trauma. However, the GCS was never intended to be used in such a way. It has been demonstrated that there is a high degree of inter-rater variability when assigning GCS scores for trauma patients. Potential differences in GCS score assignments between different countries were examined. It was hypothesized there would be differences in mean total and component scores. Using de-identified data from the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS), the distributions of GCS scores from six countries were assessed: Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Using SPSS data analysis, a one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed to compare the means of the three GCS components and the total GCS scores reported by EMS personnel caring for trauma patients. Data from 15,173 cases showed significant differences in mean total GCS score between countries (P <.001) as well as in mean component GCS scores (P <.001 for each of eye, verbal, and motor). Post-hoc tests showed that EMS personnel in Korea assigned significantly lower scores compared to all other countries in both component and total GCS scores. Field personnel in Japan, Malaysia, and Vietnam assigned the highest scores and significantly differed from the other three countries on component and total scores; Thailand and Taiwan had similar scores but significantly differed from the other four countries on component and total scores. Visual inspection of mean component and total GCS score histograms revealed differences in score assignment patterns among countries. There are a number of significant differences in the mean total and component GCS scores assigned by EMS personnel in the six Asian countries studied. More investigation is necessary to determine if there is clinical significance to these differences in GCS score assignments, as well as the reasons for the differences.

The effects of COVID-19 on physician’s burnout: a systematic review

Background: To suggest measures to prevent burnout of physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we conducted a systematic review of research on physician burnout due to COVID-19.Methods: Three foreign databases were used: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A search was performed using the following search terms: COVID-19, coronavirus, NCOV, physicians, doctors, residents, and burnout. Four rounds of review were performed to enhance the consistency of quality assessment. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies.Results: A total of 465 studies were identified, of which 32 were selected. The quality assessment determined that 19 studies met the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria and had a low risk of bias. The most common tool used to measure physician burnout in the 32 studies was the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Conclusion: This study systematically evaluated the literature on physician burnout. However, the generalizability of our findings to Korean physicians may be limited. The composition of the medical personnel in Korea, such as open doctors, volunteer doctors, medical professors, and public health doctors, differs significantly from that of other countries. Nevertheless, evaluating the current status of physician burnout due to COVID-19 globally may hold meaningful implications for policymaking.

Prevalence and diagnostic values of laboratory animal allergy among research personnel.

Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) has not been sufficiently investigated, although LAA is a relatively common work-related condition and important occupational hazard. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LAA and analyze the diagnostic value of serum specific IgE (sIgE) using the skin prick test (SPT) as a comparative standard. Korean laboratory animal researchers who attended an annual symposium were requested to answer questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, laboratory animal exposure, and symptoms related to laboratory animal exposure. A total of 213 participants underwent a SPT with mouse and rat epithelial allergen extract. We measured sIgE against rodent urine, epithelium, and serum allergens from 63 participants. SPT outcome served as the comparison method. Among 223 participants, 213 had direct/indirect exposure to mice or rats, and 30% and 14% of them complained of allergic symptoms after exposure to mouse and rat, respectively. Sensitization rates were 28% for mouse epithelium and 23% for rat epithelium. Compared to a positive SPT with wheal ≥ 3 mm, presence of sIgE against rodent allergens showed a higher positive predictive value of 87-91% at a cut-off level of 0.35 KUA/L. Agreement between SPT and sIgE test was determined to be fair to moderate. Sensitization and allergy to mouse and rat were prevalent among laboratory personnel in Korea. When evaluating cases of potential LAA, the sIgE test can provide added diagnostic value if the skin test is positive. Careful interpretation of two tests is required to accurately diagnose LAA.

State Intervention Does Not Support the Development of the Media Sector: Lessons from Korea and Japan

AbstractContemporary media production in East Asia has been booming in recent decades, reaching consumers of various nationalities to an extent unseen before. Concurrently, various collaborations in the production and promotion of movies, TV programs, animation, videogames, music, and the like have intensified and become more effective in delivering cultural content across national borders. The state in East Asia, once considered a custodian of local culture and a censor of foreign influences, has gradually changed its position and now views media production and its export as an integral part of market activity beneficial for both economy and diplomacy. Drawing upon governmental reports and interviews with government officials and media industry personnel in Korea and Japan, this paper examines the way the state reacts to the massive production and export of media culture, its attempt to integrate it within its developmental economic model, and the bureaucratic restructuring this process entails. The central argument presented is that state policy toward the media sector, and the abundance of institutions dealing with this sector in Korea and Japan, are the result of the growth of market‐led media production and globalization. In other words, media industry development is not the result of policy, policy is the result of media industry development. In a wider context, this paper aims to better conceptualize the relations between state policy and media production in East Asia and the dynamics of industrial globalization under state guidance.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Part 2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, which presents with a progressive worsening dyspnea, and thus a poor outcome. The members of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases as well as the participating members of the Korea Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group drafted this clinical practice guideline for IPF management. This guideline includes a wide range of topics, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and acute exacerbation of IPF in Korea. Additionally, we suggested the PICO for the use of pirfenidone and nintendanib and for lung transplantation for the treatment of patients with IPF through a systemic literature review using experts' help in conducting a meta-analysis. We recommend this guideline to physicians, other health care professionals, and government personnel in Korea, to facilitate the treatment of patients with IPF.

군인, 의경의 흡연 특성과 비만 간의 관련성 : 2009∼2017년 금연클리닉 참여 군인, 의경을 대상으로

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate trends of smoking characteristics and to identify the relationship between smoking characteristics and obesity among military personnel in Korea. Methods: The study participants were 50,680 military personnel who participated smoking cessation clinic from January in 2009 to December in 2017(excluded in 2011). Obesity was defined as body mass index≥25kg/m2. Smoking characteristics was included cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking, smoking duration, and nicotine dependence. Binominal logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of smoking and obesity among military personnel. Results: The prevalence of obesity of study subjects was 20.4%. The military personnel were more likely to be obese if they who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day(adjusted OR 2.271, CI 2.027-2.545), who smoked for more than 10 years(adjusted OR 2.046, CI 1.820-2.299), and who smoked their initial smoking at later than 20 years(adjusted OR 1.357, CI 1.223-1.493). Conclusions: Obesity is closely related to cigarettes of smoked per day, age of initial smoking and smoking duration among military personnel. Thus, intervention included both smoking cessation and weight control are necessary for smokers with obese who are interested in losing weight among military personnel.

Factors Related to Smoking Relapse among Military Personnel in Korea: Data from Smoking Cessation Clinics, 2015–2017

Factors Related to Smoking Relapse among Military Personnel in Korea: Data from Smoking Cessation Clinics, 2015–2017

АНТИАМЕРИКАНИЗМ В ЮЖНОЙ КОРЕЕ

The present paper is devoted to such a complex phenomenon as in a case study of the nearest American ally South Korea. The authors considered the term as a hostile attitude toward American lifestyle, policy, government, culture and American nation. In the authors' opinion, the strong economic, political and cultural ties with the US are among basic reasons of such a strong anti-Americanism. Nowadays anti-Americanism is getting more and more attention from western and South Korean mass media as well as from different academic communities. To the authors' mind, due to its geopolitical position, Korea has been influenced by its powerful neighbors since the ancient times, which has had an effect on Koreans and their mentality. That is why any encroachment on Korea's independence and domestic policy from the outside world is perceived by Koreans very painfully. Consequently, the main source of anti-American sentiment is considered to be the Status of Force Agreement (SOFA). It is an international agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing military forces in that country defining the rights and privileges of the military personnel. According to the SOFA, only the US courts have jurisdiction over crimes committed by military personnel in Korea. The paper considers in detail some facts about the crimes of American military on the territory of South Korea and the reaction of Koreans. The authors also state that the intensity of anti-Americanism depends on the left-wing movement activities. Nowadays, because of the increasing nuclear threat from the North and the aggressive Chinese policy, the intensity of anti-Americanism in South Korea has been declining. Taking into account such external conditions, it is disadvantageous for Koreans to oppose the US, their main supporter and ally. In the conclusion the authors note that despite the declining of anti-Americanism in South Korea, should any crime be committed by American military personnel, Koreans will go again to the streets with anti-American slogans because the problem of some unfair provisions of the SOFA has not been solved yet. That is why until amendments are made to the SOFA that will satisfy the Korean nation, anti-American sentiment will continue existing in South Korea.

Presidential address: launching the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute, a government-supported special foundation from December 23, 2015.

Presidential address: launching the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute, a government-supported special foundation from December 23, 2015.

A questionnaire survey exploring healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards teamwork and safety in acute care areas in South Korea

ObjectivesAlthough human factors are important in terms of patient safety, there have been very few reports on the attitudes of healthcare professionals working in acute care settings in South Korea....

Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci Isolates from Horses and Horse-related Personnel in Korea

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are emerging as important pathogens in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRS in the racehorse population and in horserelated personnel in Korea. A total of 195 horses and 18 humans (eight veterinarians, three veterinary hospital staff, and seven horse-handlers) from racehorse farms in Korea were included in the study. The samples were collected from nasal cavities using bacterial transport medium and were cultivated on tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood for 3 days at 37oC to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Presumptive Staphylococcus spp. isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The coagulase test and oxacillin susceptibility tests were performed using the tube dilution and disk diffusion methods, respectively. The presence of the mecA gene was determined using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Of the 195 horses, 29 (15.6%) yielded 29 MRS isolates. Twelve (66.7%) of the 18 horse-related personnel yielded 12 MRS isolates. All of the MRS isolates from horses or horse-related personnel were identified as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS). The result of this study suggest that the prevalence of MRS increased with the duration of antibiotic use (p = 0.002). This study also provides evidence for the zoonotic transmission of MRCNS between horses and humans, although further investigations are needed.

A human right curtailed

INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 5 Volume 21 Issue 4 2014 text message following a coordinated sick leave action taken in response to the Turkish government ’s decision to add aviation services to the list of industries where industrial action was prohibited . Turkey currently has one of the worst rates in the International Trade Union Confederation’s (‘ITUC’) Global Rights Index. It is quite clear from these examples that the critical economic role of transport is being used as a pretext to defend the free movement of passengers and goods beyond the rights of people involved in the transportation itself. This trend is especially concerning as transport workers, including those employed in aviation , trucking and commercial seafaring, have some of the most dangerous jobs in the world. This is why the protection of the right to strike under Convention 87 of the International Labour Organisation (‘ILO’) and its enforcement through the ILO’s supervisory mechanisms is particularly important for transport workers. Not only have these supervisory bodies acknowledged the right, they have developed clear principles which have subsequently been relied on by national and regional courts. For example, it has been unequivocally held that the right to strike may only be restricted or prohibited in the public service for those exercising authority in the name of the state or in essential services in the strict sense of the term (that is, services the interruption of which would endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population). Furthermore, it has also been held that transport generally does not constitute an essential service and that minimum operational services can only be applied to non-essential services in very limited circumstances. Notwithstanding this extensive jurisprudence, the Employers’ Group at the ILO has since 2012 been doing its best to undermine the authority of the ILO’s supervisory mechanisms. Not only has it questioned the mandate and capacity of the Committee of Experts, it has challenged the very existence of a right to strike under Convention 87. The Employers’ continued intransigence has left the Workers’ Group no alternative but to call on the ILO’s Governing Body to seek an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (‘ICJ’) on the question of the existence of a right to strike. There is little doubt that the ICJ will recognise the right’s protection under Convention 87. Railway personnel in Korea and Thailand, Turkish flight attendants and workers all around the world depend on it. There can be no compromise on the right to strike. There can be no compromise on human rights. “I t is good to finally shake your hand; the last time I saw you, I was in prison”. These were the poignant words Myounghwan Kim, President of the Korean Railway Workers’ Union (‘KRWU’), greeted me with when we met at the International Transport Workers’ Federation’s 43rd Congress in Sofia earlier this year. Indeed, the last time we spoke, we had to do it through a prison intercom system as Kim, along with other leaders of the KRWU, was being detained for organising a strike in opposition to rail privatisation. Despite complying with all ‘essential services’ requirements under Korean law, the authorities declared the action illegal even before it began. Kim and his colleagues are now facing so-called ‘obstruction of business’ charges which carry a maximum sentence of five years in prison or a fine not exceeding 15 million won (US$14,000). Furthermore, the state rail operator is pursuing a damages suit against the union and its leaders for 16.2 billion won (US$16 million) together with separate proceedings for alleged ‘damage to brand value’ amounting to 1 billion won (US$990,000). These legal actions are just the tip of the iceberg . Hundreds of strikers have been dismissed or relocated and the union’s assets have been seized by the authorities. All this simply because the KRWU sought to defend its members from an ill-conceived privatisation drive that would have heavily diluted terms and conditions of employment . What this example illustrates is that despite being a fundamental human right enshrined in international law, the right to strike is certainly not guaranteed...

Prevalence of Common Skin Diseases and Their Associated Factors among Military Personnel in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study

This study was conducted to clarify the prevalence of common skin diseases and their associated factors among military personnel in Korea. Four dermatologists visited adjacent military units and examined soldiers. A structured questionnaire that included questions about known skin diseases, demographic information, and questions for the Perceived Stress Index was completed for each participant. The soldiers that had been diagnosed with a skin disease answered one additional questionnaire (Skindex-29) which assess the influence of an individual's skin disease on daily life. Of 1,321 soldiers examined, 798 (60.4%) had one or more skin diseases. The three most common skin problems were acne (35.6%), tinea pedis (15.2%) and atopic dermatitis (5.1%). The diseases closely related to the period of military service were acne, tinea pedis, viral warts and corns. The diseases related to the amount of stress were atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne. The most troublesome skin diseases were atopic dermatitis, tinea cruris, and seborrheic dermatitis. These results demonstrated that the prevalence of skin disease among military personnel in Korea is very high, and that some of the skin disorders may have a significant influence on their daily lives.

Current status and new policy direction of healthcare personnel in Korea

The health insurance financial crisis and the aging population have overshadowed the South Korean healthcare market. Reforming healthcare has become a major policy issue in the upcoming presidential election on December 19, 2012. It is hard to imagine a time when expectations have been higher and th...

Occupational Infections of Health Care Personnel in Korea

Occupational Infections of Health Care Personnel in Korea