Personality Factors Extraversion Research Articles

Personality, Trust and Attachment among Young Adults

Young adulthood is a stage of life characterized by significant personal growth and professional development. Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics behaviour and thought, personality dimensions are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Trust is the state involving confident positive expectations about another's motives regarding oneself in situations of risk. Attachment is the deep emotional connection between two people, the dimensions of attachment are close, depend and anxiety. The objectives of the study were to examine the connection between personality, trust and attachment among young adults. 200 young adults of age 18-25 made up the sample, which included both males and females. Short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI‐10), Trust in Close Relationships Scale and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) were the instruments employed. The data was examined using the Spearman's correlation test. According to the study, there is no significant correlation between personality dimensions and trust in romantic relationship. And there exists a positive correlation between personality factor extroversion and attachment subscale close and there exist a negative correlation between personality factor neuroticism and attachment subscale close. And there exist a positive correlation between personality factors extroversion and agreeableness with attachment subscale depend, also there exist a negative correlation between personality factor neuroticism and attachment subscale depend. And also there exist a positive correlation between the personality factor depend and trust.

Narcissism-Normal, pathological, grandiose, vulnerable?

Personality psychology subdivides the narcissism of healthy persons into the grandiose and the vulnerable types (2 factor model), which can be further described in a more differentiated way with the three personality factors extroversion, intolerance/antagonism and neuroticism (3 factor model). The grandiose and the vulnerable types of narcissism can also be found in narcissistically disturbed patients. The narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), which in DSM‑5 is exclusively characterized by the grandiose features also shows vulnerable features; however, these are hidden behind the grandiose features. Grandiose narcissism is relatively rare in the clinical routine. So far vulnerable narcissism could not be diagnosed in DSM‑5 or ICD-10; however, in the future this will be demonstrable in ICD-11 by the dimensional concept of personality disorder even if it does not exist as an official diagnosis in ICD-11.

Personality moderators of the cross-sectional relationship between job demands and both burnout and work engagement in judges: The boosting effects of conscientiousness and introversion

The central question of this study is whether buffering, boosting and exacerbating effects of the Big Five personality factors extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism can be demonstrated in the relationship between two job demands (i.e., work pressure and working overtime) and both burnout and work engagement in 257 Dutch judges. It is important to better understand the interaction effects between various job demands (work pressure and working overtime) and personality on both burnout and work engagement in judges given their increased risk of burnout and lower work engagement due to cognitively and their emotionally demanding work. Three hypotheses were tested in a cross-sectional design study. Moderation analyses showed that, as expected, conscientiousness significantly boosted the relationship between working overtime and work engagement. Hence, high scorers on conscientiousness showed more work engagement when working overtime. Also, extraversion moderated the relation between working overtime and work engagement, but only at a low level of extraversion. Thus, contrary to expectations, introverts showed more work engagement when they work overtime. Also, significant main effects were found. Work pressure and neuroticism related positively to burnout, while extraversion and agreeableness related negatively to burnout. Moreover, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness related positively to work engagement. In our study, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness can be considered as personal resources for judges, in line with the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Especially conscientiousness can facilitate judges to cope with challenging working circumstances and introversion ensures that judges stay engaged despite working overtime.

Relationship between Parenting Patterns and Personality Types with Mental Health in Students of Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting patterns and personality factors with mental health in students of Islamic Azad University, Ilam branch. Materials & Methods: The study is a descriptive study in terms of purpose in the field of applied research and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study included all students of Islamic Azad University, Ilam branch and the statistical sample were estimated 319 students according to the Cochrane formula. Diana Bamrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire, Neo Personality Factors, and Goldberg 28-item General Health Standard Questionnaire were used to obtain information. Data were collected using SPSS software and analyzed in two parts: descriptive analysis and correlation Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between assertive and reassuring parenting style and mental health of children (p‹ 0.002, r=0.191), But there was no correlation between easy parenting styles (p› 0.051, r=0.210) and authoritarian parenting style (p› 0.338, r=-0.060) with mental health. The findings also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between extraversion personality factors (p‹ 0.049,r=0.068 ), empiricism(p‹0.006,r=0.172),flexibility (p‹0.009,r=0.165), and parental conscientiousness (p‹ 0.001,r=0.306 ) with students' mental health, But there was no significant correlation between neurotic personality factor (emotional instability) (p› 0.054,r=0.133) and mental health. Conclusions: Assertive and reassuring parenting style play an important role in children's mental health, so it is suggested that they be considered in educations

발달장애인 부모의 성격 5요인이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향 : 자기조절효능감을 매개로

Objectives: This study examined the relations among 5 personality factors, self-regulatory efficacy and subjective well-being in parents with developmental disabilities. This study also examined the mediating effect of self-regulatory efficacy on the relationship between 5 personality factors and subjective well-being in parents with developmental disabilities. Methods: The research subjects consisted of 114 parents with developmental disabilities. They completed questionnaires 5 personality factors, self-regulatory efficacy and subjective well-being by parents. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The results of this study showed that 5 personality factors–neuroticism and extroversion–had a direct effect on subjective well-being in parents with developmental disabilities. Second, 5 personality factors-extroversion- had an indirect effect on the subjective well-being through self-regulatory efficacy in parents with developmental disabilities. Conclusions: These findings have implications for future research and practice by highlighting the importance of self-regulatory efficacy in subjective well-being in parents with developmental disabilities.

The Moderating Role of Extroversion and Neuroticism in the Relationship between Autonomy at Work, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction

The main aim of this research project was to determine the relationship that exists between autonomy at work and both burnout and job satisfaction, taking into account the moderating effect of the personality factors extroversion and neuroticism. The study was carried out with 971 volunteers (553 women and 418 men) with a mean age of 37.58 years. The majority had either a university degree (485 participants) or higher education qualifications (Spanish baccalaureate) (202 participants). The following instruments were administered: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), to measure burnout among participants; the Mini International Personality Item Pool Scale (Mini-IPIP) by Donnellan, Oswald, Baird, and Lucas (2006) to measure the personality factors extroversion and neuroticism; the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction (BIAJS) by Thompson and Phua (2012); and the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) by Karasek (1985) to measure autonomy at work. The results obtained indicate that those who enjoy greater autonomy at work have lower levels of emotional exhaustion. The stronger the effect is, the higher the score for extroversion. The personality factors studied were not found to have a direct influence on the criterion variables. However, the interaction effects were significant, except in the case of neuroticism. The results indicate that there are no differences between those who score highly for extroversion and neuroticism and the rest of the population in terms of predicting emotional exhaustion or job satisfaction. The present study aims to serve as a guideline for recruitment specialists, business owners, and job designers, encouraging them to take into account all these variables in order to foster the development of healthy and competitive organizations. Environmental moderators that could interfere with the result have not been introduced in this research. It has focused on the study of the personality factors of the workers, considering that the professional functions performed by the workers were similar.

Does Cochlear Implantation Affect Openness-to-Experience in Profound Postlingual Hearing Loss?

Recent studies suggest that hearing loss in postlingually deafened adults may be associated with lowered levels of the personality factor Openness to experience. This study investigated whether cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults raises the level of Openness to experience. Fifty-five postlingually deafened adults (mean age: 63years) were assessed with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI), a questionnaire capturing the five personality factors Extraversion, Openness to experience, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Personality assessment occurred before cochlear implantation and 24months after implant activation. On factors Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness the mean scores of the sample were equal to population norms, both before and after cochlear implantation. On factor Openness to experience, the mean score was significantly lower before cochlear implantation, and remained so thereafter. Openness to experience may be reduced in some groups of deaf or hard of hearing persons. Cochlear implantation had no effect on any personality factor, at least not after two years of implant use.

The relation between the personality factors extraversion, neuroticism, general cognitive aptitude and critical thinking

The relation between the personality factors extraversion, neuroticism, general cognitive aptitude and critical thinking

Offline personality and avatar customisation. Discrepancy profiles and avatar identification in a sample of MMORPG players

This study examined the relationship between offline personality and avatar customisation in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) players, and questioned whether the offline personality is always the starting point for the customisation of an avatar. The aims were: to analyse the discrepancy profiles which emerge when players are asked to rate their primary avatar, actual self and ideal self with respect to certain personality factors; to explore whether these profiles varied across personality factors and within players; and to analyse the relation between discrepancy profiles and the extent to which players identified with their avatars.A sample of 845 MMORPG players completed an online questionnaire consisting of a short version of the Big Five Personality Inventory and an avatar identification scale.Four discrepancy profiles (idealised, actualised, alter ego, negative hero) common to the personality factors extroversion, consciousness, agreeableness and emotional stability and stable within players emerged. They converged into four kind of offline personality-avatar relationship differently related with avatar identification that was higher when avatar was similar to self or an extension of self, and lower when avatar was other than self, or antithesis of self. The practical implication of these finding are discussed.

Patterns of Change in Fairness Perceptions During the Hiring Process

The justice literature, to date, shows that changes in fairness perceptions over time are consequential for job attitudes. However, few studies have been directed at explicating how fairness perceptions change over time or individual differences in patterns of change. The present research attempts to fill this gap by exploring patterns of temporal changes in fairness perceptions toward the selection process during a hiring process and potential determinants for such change. In a 3‐wave longitudinal study of the entire hiring process (pre‐, in‐, and post‐process) using a latent growth mixture modeling approach, different patterns of change in perceived fairness were modeled. In addition, the role of Big Five personality factors to predict classes of temporal patterns was examined. Results suggest that, on average, fairness perceptions declined in a non‐linear way over time, with high initial levels of fairness perception corresponding to a lower rate of decline, and vice versa. Four unique classes of applicants exhibiting different initial scores and growth of fairness perceptions were identified, which were predicted by the personality factors of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for fairness theory and future research.

Data from ‘Cohort Differences in Big Five Personality Factors Over a Period of 25 Years’

This data set comprises of scores of 8,954 psychology freshmen from the University of Amsterdam (1982-2007) on the ‘Vijf PersoonlijkheidsFactoren Test’ or 5PFT developed by Elshout and Akkerman, which is an instrument to measure the Big Five personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Data were collected during the yearly freshmen-testing program from 1982-2007 and include scores at the level of 70 items that can be used in studies of psychometrics and the nature of personality.

The +1444C>T polymorphism in the CRP gene

Numerous studies have shown associations between an on-going depression and elevated serum levels of the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). Also, in suicidal behaviour, a proinflammatory state has been suggested to be of importance for the pathophysiology. There is a genetic susceptibility to suicidal behaviour, but studies with respect to genes related to inflammation are sparse. We have previously reported an association between a polymorphism located in the CRP gene, +1444C>T (rs1130864), and the personality trait impulsiveness in women assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. The present study aims to replicate these results in suicide attempters and examine whether the polymorphism is associated with suicidal behaviour. The +1444C>T polymorphism was genotyped in suicide attempters from two cohorts (a total of 106 patients) and healthy controls (n=517). We could replicate our previous finding, as the +1444T allele was associated with higher scores in the Karolinska Scales of Personality factor extraversion and its subscale impulsiveness in one of the patient cohorts. Furthermore, the +1444T allele was significantly more common among suicide attempters compared with the +1444C allele. The present results lend further support to the relevance of inflammation for suicidal behaviour. The association between the polymorphism and personality trait impulsiveness reinforces our hypothesis of the importance of immune-related genes also for normal mental functions such as personality traits. Given the fact that impulsiveness is a well-known risk factor for suicidal behaviour, we further hypothesize that the polymorphism studied may in part explain this relationship.

What Works for Whom, How and under What Circumstances? Testing Moderated Mediation of Intervention Effects on Externalizing Behavior in Children

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether changes in child social cognitive functioning and parenting are the mechanisms through which an individually delivered real‐world child intervention, Stay Cool Kids, aimed at preventing externalizing problem behavior in high‐risk elementary school children, induces changes in child behavior. Moreover, we tested whether mediation was moderated by child characteristics (gender and personality). The sample consisted of 264 fourth‐grade children displaying externalizing behavior (TRF t‐score > 60). Forty‐eight schools were randomly assigned to the intervention or no‐intervention control condition. The results of mediation analyses provided evidence for child positive self‐perception and maternal involvement as working mechanisms of the intervention. Child personality factor extraversion moderated the mediating effect of involvement whereas no moderated mediation was found for gender. Working mechanisms of the intervention differ for children with different personality characteristiscs.

The Role of Personality in Relation to Gender Differences in School Subject Choices in Pre-University Education

Boys and girls to some extent differ in personality characteristics while they also prefer different school subjects in secondary education. This study has attempted to unravel the relations among gender, personality, and students’ subject choices. The study was based on a sample of 1,740 9th grade pre-university students throughout the Netherlands (average age 15 years). We used the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) of Hendriks, Hofstee, and De Raad (1999a) to measure the students’ personalities. The research questions were: (1) To what extent are students’ personality characteristics related to their subject choices in secondary education? (2) Do students’ personality characteristics mediate the gender – subject choice relation? And if yes, which personality characteristics are responsible for this? (3) Is the relation between personality characteristics and subject choices different for boys and girls? We found several associations between personality characteristics and students’ subject choices. Although the relationship between gender and students’ subject choices was slightly attenuated after the inclusion of the personality characteristics in the multinomial logistic regression analyses, gender remained an important predictor of the students’ choices. The personality factor Extraversion partially mediated the relation between gender and students’ choice of advanced mathematics, chemistry, and physics versus a more language and culturally-oriented set of school subjects. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the relation between the personality factor Autonomy and students’ choice of advanced mathematics, chemistry, and physics versus a more language and culturally-oriented set of school courses.

Affective Reactions to One’s Whole Life: Preliminary Development and Validation of the Ontological Well-Being Scale

In line with the perspective provided by the intentional paradigm which claims that the measures of subjective well-being (SWB), whether cognitive or affective, should refer to life itself, the Ontological Well-Being Scale (OWBS) has been operationalized. The research reported herein was aimed at developing and validating this psychometric tool in the assessment of individuals’ affective evaluations of their life within a three-time perspective. Five studies were conducted to confirm the factor structure of the OWBS and to assess its construct validity. Four factors were derived and validated, which were shown to relate to mental health indicators and personality in expected ways. It was found that this new construct, in contrast with the current measures, did not tap into the personality factors of extraversion and neuroticism. Incremental validity results showed that the OWBS explained additional variance in mental health indicators already captured by the current measures of SWB.

Cohort differences in Big Five personality factors over a period of 25 years.

The notion of personality traits implies a certain degree of stability in the life span of an individual. But what about generational effects? Are there generational changes in the distribution or structure of personality traits? This article examines cohort changes on the Big Five personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience, among first-year psychology students in The Netherlands, ages 18 to 25 years, between 1982 and 2007. Because measurement invariance of a personality test is essential for a sound interpretation of cohort differences in personality, we first assessed measurement invariance with respect to cohort for males and females separately on the Big Five personality factors, as measured by the Dutch instrument Five Personality Factors Test. Results identified 11 (females) and 2 (males) biased items with respect to cohort, out of a total of 70 items. Analyzing the unbiased items, results indicated small linear increases over time in Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and small linear decreases over time in Neuroticism. No clear patterns were found on the Openness to Experience factor. Secondary analyses on students from 1971 to 2007 of females and males of different ages together revealed linear trends comparable to those in the main analyses among young adults between 1982 onward. The results imply that the broad sociocultural context may affect personality factors.

Influence of personality on Teamwork behaviour and communication

Job characteristics of the operator teams of the Nuclear Power Plant are complex and highly controlled in which there are considerable demands and pressures to behaviour conformity and a person is restricted in the range of own behaviour. Thus, individual differences in personality characteristics are more likely to influence the specific behaviour a person adopts. This type of environment determines and regulates the communication flow among team members that consist of quantity and quality information exchanges. All these circumstances lead our focus on analysing the relationship between the employees´ communication and observable behaviour and their personality traits. We video registered 17 operator teams (N=90) in a Simulator Centre of a Hungarian Nuclear Power Plant and analysed the correlation between the team input (operator personnel´s personality traits) and team process (communication hidden patterns, traceable teamwork-oriented social skills and task-oriented professional skills), and ultimately team output (team performance evaluated by instructors). This study reveals some relationships between personality traits and team-oriented communication utterances. Extroversion and Openness to experience personality factors show positive correlation with Politeness and Relation communication indicators, but contrary to our expectation the Agreeableness personality factor negatively relates with these indicators. The Team-performance has several relationships with personality traits. First of all Professional knowledge and Coordination behaviour markers show correlations with Neuroticism and Conscientiousness personality factors. Team-performance as an output of the team process is directly influenced by the Conscientiousness and the Extraversion personality factors.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Translation of the Proactive Personality Scale

The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese translation of the Proactive Personality Scale. Four samples were surveyed. In Sample 1 and Sample 2, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the 10-item abbreviated version of the scale. In Sample 2, Proactive Personality scores were found to be positively correlated with the personality factors of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Agreeableness, and negatively correlated with Neuroticism. In Sample 3, Proactive Personality was found to be positively related to self-efficacy and political skill. In Sample 4, demographics controlled, Proactive Personality explained significant incremental variance in the employees' self-rated career satisfaction and job performance as rated by immediate supervisors.

How do personality, team processes and task characteristics relate to job satisfaction and software quality?

This article analyses the relationships between personality, team processes, task characteristics, product quality and satisfaction in software development teams. The data analysed here were gathered from a sample of 35 teams of students (105 participants). These teams applied an adaptation of an agile methodology, eXtreme Programming (XP), to develop a software product. We found that the teams with the highest job satisfaction are precisely the ones whose members score highest for the personality factors agreeableness and conscientiousness. The satisfaction levels are also higher when the members can decide how to develop and organize their work. On the other hand, the level of satisfaction and cohesion drops the more conflict there is between the team members. Finally, the teams exhibit a significant positive correlation between the personality factor extraversion and software product quality.

Family Contexts, Parental Behaviour, and Personality Profiles of Children and Adolescents with Prader‐Willi, Fragile‐X, or Williams Syndrome

The personality profiles for youths with Prader-Willi, fragile-X, or Williams syndrome were compared to three matched groups attending regular schools. Using the California Child Q-Set (CCQ), both of the parents of the 39 children with Prader-Willi syndrome, 32 boys with fragile-X syndrome, 28 children with Williams syndrome, and children in the comparison groups provided independent personality descriptions in terms of the Big Five personality factors of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness, along with Motor Activity and Irritability. Specific personality phenotypes for each of the three syndrome groups were found to be differentially related to parental behaviours (i.e. control and anger) and family contexts (i.e. experienced family stress, marital conflict, and parental consistency).