Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult Research Articles

Determinants of social participation in people with disability.

In this study, it is aimed to determine personal wellbeing and social participation levels across different physical disability types and levels of mobility. A sample of 85 individuals with physical disabilities, excluding those with mental disabilities were included. Sociodemographics, mobility of the participants, cause, duration of disability were recorded. Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A) scale was used for the assessment of wellbeing and Keele Assessment of Participation (KAP) for social participation. Female, single, unemployed subjects and individuals with neurologic disability showed significantly higher median KAP-scores(p = 0.009, p = 0.050, p<0.001, p = 0.050, respectively).The median KAP-score of the independently mobile group was significantly lower compared to the other two groups (p = 0.001). The factors affecting KAP were determined as employment, mobility level and personal wellbeing (p = 0.002, p = 0.024, p = 0.050, respectively). Mobility level, employment and personal wellbeing are the determinants of social participation in people with disabilities. Neurological disability, female gender, being single, unemployment and mobility limitations are factors that reduce social participation.

Athletic retirement: factors contributing to sleep and mental health problems.

The aim of this investigation was to determine which factors were associated with symptoms of sleep and mental health disorders in former athletes. Former athletes (N = 173, 50% women) who retired from any competition level within the last 20 years participated in an online survey. The survey consisted of the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Binary logistic regressions revealed that both age (OR = 0.95 [95% CI:0.92, 0.99], p = 0.007) and gender (OR = 2.28 [95% CI:1.09, 4.79], p = 0.029) were associated with anxiety, with women and younger ex-athletes presenting greater risk of anxiety symptoms. Higher body mass was associated with an increased risk for sleep difficulty (OR = 1.13 [95% CI:1.03, 1.23], p = 0.008), sleep disordered breathing (OR = 1.20 [95% CI:1.10, 1.30], p < 0.001), and compromised wellbeing (OR = 0.89 [95% CI:0.83, 0.96], p = 0.001). Athletes who subjectively placed a lower priority on sport while competing presented greater risk of sleep disordered breathing (OR = 2.00[95% CI:1.05, 3.80], p = 0.035). No associations between recency retirement and any outcome measures were observed. Findings suggest potential predictive factors for difficulty transitioning out of sport. Future longitudinal research should consider the interplay between sport re-engagement and the incidence and chronicity of sleep and mental health disorders.

The Group-based Compassion-focused Intervention on Academic Procrastination, Anxiety, and Quality of Life of University Students: A Controlled Trial With 3-month Follow-up

Objectives Procrastination is one of the critical issues for university students and is associated with various psychological problems. This study examined the effectiveness of group compassion-focused intervention on procrastination, anxiety, and quality of life of (QoL) university students. Methods This research is an experimental study of clinical trial type. The study participants were 40 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences selected by a convenience sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, they completed the demographic questionnaire; academic procrastination questionnaire; depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21); and personal wellbeing index–adult (PWI-A), before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. The experimental group received eight 120-minute sessions of group compassion-focused therapy once a week, while the control group received no intervention. The data were compared using GLM repeated measures analysis of variance (GLMRM). Results Regarding procrastination, there is no significant difference between the average preparation for assignments and the tendency to change people›s procrastination at different evaluation times. However, the interaction effect of time and group has a significance level smaller than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the average preparation for the tasks of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=4.439, P=0.043). The effect size of 0.115 indicates a moderate effect. There is also a significant difference between the procrastination tendency of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=8.348, P=0.007). The effect size of 0.197 indicates a moderate effect. Also, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups› average anxiety (F=35.62, P=0.000) and quality of life (F=14.57, P=0.001) at different evaluation times. The size of the effect indicates its strength. Conclusion Group compassion-focused intervention can be used as an effective therapy in working with students. However, more studies are needed to examine and compare other variables with other evidence-based treatments.

Does working style affect the occupational balance and life satisfaction of office workers in Turkey? A comparison study.

The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has caused various effects, changing people's lives and work styles. During this period, workplaces decided to work remotely, so people spent more time at home. Therefore, workers' personal and work lives were negatively affected. This study planned to compare traditional and remote office workers' occupational balance and life satisfaction in Turkey during COVID-19. Google Survey was used for data collection. Three hundred office workers (18-65 years old) from Turkey participated in the study. The occupational balance and life satisfaction levels of participants were assessed using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (QB-Quest) and Personal Well-being Index-Adult (PWI-A). Data collected were analyzed statistically by the Independent Sample t-test. It was found that the remote office workers had lower levels of occupational balance (p = 0.02; r = -3.317) and life satisfaction (p = 0.01; r = -2.199) compared to the traditional office workers. Remote office workers were found to have lower occupational balance and life satisfaction than traditional office workers. In this period, when the way of working changes like COVID-19, it is crucial to determine office workers' occupational balance and life satisfaction and take precautions for their job performance and satisfaction.

P095 Factors associated with sleep and mental health problems following athletic retirement

Abstract Introduction Despite growing research on the sleep and mental health of athletes, there is limited literature on their sleep health following retirement from sport. The aim of this study was to investigate potential factors associated with symptoms of sleep and mental health disorders in former athletes. Methods Former athletes (N=173, 50% women) who retired from any sport or competition level ≤20 years ago completed an online survey, consisting of the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Results Self-disclosed lifetime diagnosis of sleep disorder(s) and mental health disorder(s) was reported by 28.3% and 45.1% of former athletes, respectively. Binary logistic regressions showed that age (OR=0.95[95% CI:0.92, 0.99], p=.007) and gender (OR=2.28[95% CI:1.09, 4.79], p=.029) were associated with anxiety symptoms, with women and younger ex-athletes presenting greater risk. Increased BMI was associated with risk for sleep disordered breathing (OR=1.20[95% CI:1.10, 1.30], p&amp;lt;.001), sleep difficulty (OR=1.13[95% CI:1.03, 1.23], p=.008), and poor wellbeing (OR=0.91[95% CI:0.85, 0.98], p=.010). Those who placed a lower priority on sport whilst competing had greater risk for sleep disordered breathing (OR=2.00[95% CI:1.05, 3.80], p=.035). Recency of retirement was not associated with any measures. Discussion Findings indicate that former athletes are not exempt from poor sleep and mental ill-health. Results provide preliminary insight into predictive factors for difficulty transitioning out of sport. Future longitudinal research should consider the interplay between sport reintegration and the timing of sleep and mental health problems.

Ontario Adults’ Mental Health and Wellbeing During the First 16 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study quantitatively assessed adults’ mental health and overall wellbeing over time during the first 16 months of the pandemic in Ontario, Canada. A total of 2,188 participants participated in the study and completed online questionnaires at three time points (baseline—April–July 2020; time 2—July–August 2020; and time 3—July–August 2021), which included demographic questions, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A). One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant increase over time in participants’ mental health (MHI), as well as a significant decrease in their satisfaction with their standard of living, physical health, mental health, personal relationships, safety, community-connectedness, future security, and spirituality/religion (PWI-A). While participants’ mental health improved, their mean scores indicated the presence of mental health disorders. Generally speaking, over the first 16 months of the pandemic, the self-reported mental health of Ontario adults improved, while their perceived wellbeing declined.

On cloud nine? Maternal emotional wellbeing six weeks up to one year postpartum – A cross-sectional study

BackgroundLittle is known about the full scope of emotional wellbeing of mothers up to one year postpartum, to adequately support women during transition to motherhood. Reduced emotional wellbeing (REW) affects women’s adaption to the changes and challenges in becoming a mother. We aimed to increase the knowledge and understanding of mothers’ emotional wellbeing and the influencing factors. MethodsThis cross-sectional study includes 385 Flemish mothers up to one year postpartum. Online data were collected with the General Health Questionnaire-12, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Personal Well-Being Index-Adult, The Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Sense of Coherence-13 and Coping Operations Preference Enquiry. ResultsA total of 63.9% of the participants reported REW. Mothers with REW more often had (a history of) psychological problems compared to mothers with healthy emotional wellbeing (p = 0.007). Multiple linear regression analysis showed negative associations between emotional wellbeing and satisfaction (p = 0.002; p < 0.001), comprehensibility (p = 0.013) and positive associations between emotional wellbeing and bonding (p < 0.001), manageability (p = 0.033), problem solving (p = 0.030) and avoidance (p = 0,011) – with an explained variance of 55.5%. LimitationsSome limitations of our study are the GHQ-12 cut-off value, the nature and implication of (a history of) psychological problems and the self-selected population. ConclusionIt would be of worth for midwives to discuss with mothers (to be) what to expect. This - to support mothers in making sense of their life as a mother and how various factors might influence their emotional wellbeing. The high prevalence of REW is worrying, but needs to be interpreted with caution.

Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 - June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study.

To assess the mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia during the second and third years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overall and by occupation group. Longitudinal cohort study of health and aged care workers (ambulance, hospitals, primary care, residential aged care) in Victoria: May-July 2021 (survey 1), October-December 2021 (survey 2), and May-June 2022 (survey 3). Proportions of respondents (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, GAD-7), or post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-6, IES-6), burnout (abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, aMBI), or high optimism (10-point visual analogue scale); mean scores (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) for wellbeing (Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult, PWI-A) and resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2, CD-RISC-2). A total of 1667 people responded to at least one survey (survey 1, 989; survey 2, 1153; survey 3, 993; response rate, 3.3%). Overall, 1211 survey responses were from women (72.6%); most respondents were hospital workers (1289, 77.3%) or ambulance staff (315, 18.9%). The adjusted proportions of respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression (survey 1, 16.4%; survey 2, 22.6%; survey 3, 19.2%), anxiety (survey 1, 8.8%; survey 2, 16.0%; survey 3, 11.0%), or post-traumatic stress (survey 1, 14.6%; survey 2, 35.1%; survey 3, 14.9%) were each largest for survey 2. The adjusted proportions of participants who reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout were higher in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1, and the proportions who reported high optimism were smaller in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1. Adjusted mean scores for wellbeing and resilience were similar at surveys 2 and 3 and lower than at survey 1. The magnitude but not the patterns of change differed by occupation group. Burnout was more frequently reported and mean wellbeing and resilience scores were lower in mid-2022 than in mid-2021 for Victorian health and aged care workers who participated in our study. Evidence-based mental health and wellbeing programs for workers in health care organisations are needed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000533897 (observational study; retrospective).

The relationship between occupational performance and well-being of stroke survivors: A cross-sectional study

Stroke is a remarkable event that often causes serious physical, psychological, cognitive and social impairments. Occupational therapy is a patient-centered health care profession that focuses on an individual's occupational performance and well-being by minimizing the impairments that prevent individuals with functional limitations from ensuring appropriate use of their environments. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of occupational performance and wellbeing of stroke patient and investigate the relationship between occupational performance and well-being. Occupational Self-Assessment questionnaire and Personal Well-Being Index questionnaire were used to determine the level of performance and wellbeing. Pearson correlation analysis and a prospective cross-sectional research were employed in this study in order to examine the association between occupational performance and well-being. The result section had shown the general socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants. In Occupational performance “Getting along with others” (2.71 ± 0.715) and “Relaxing and enjoying myself” (2.64 ± 0.619) was scored highest among the 21 myself items. Among the “My Environment” items, “People who support and encourage me” (2.73 ± 0.608) and “People who spend time and share interest with me” (2.70 ± 0.588) showed highest scores. Among the 8 items of the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult, “Spirituality/ Religion” (9.53 ± 1.402) and “Personal relationships” (8.03 ± 2.468) showed highest satisfaction. In this study, there was a modest but statistically significant link between occupational performance and well-being.

Measuring Differentiation of Self to Evaluate Subjective Well-Being in Women Who are Childfree by Choice

Despite social expectations of parenthood, the proportion of people in the Western world who wish to have children is declining, and the proportion who do not want children is growing. We explored the effect of being “childfree by choice” on women's subjective well-being (SWB) by examining their level of differentiation of self, based on Bowen's family system theory. Fifty-one voluntarily child-free women and 62 mothers (control group) completed a demographic information questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index – Adult (PWI-A), and the Differentiation of Self-Inventory – Revised (DSI-R). No differences were found between child-free women and mothers for four components of differentiation of self and life satisfaction and well-being. Women who chose to remain childfree for internal reasons expressed higher levels of satisfaction with life and SWB, and lower levels of emotional reactivity than those who remained childfree for external reasons. Self-differentiation (I-position) and emotional disengagement (emotional cutoff) significantly contributed to child-free women's well-being. Our results show the importance of emphasizing self-differentiation and emotional disengagement in the context of personal and marital therapy sessions and in therapeutic work with young women facing major life decisions on motherhood/voluntary childlessness.

The construction of a new Clinical Quality of Life Scale (CLINQOL)

Whilst the variables in quality of life and well-being can be separated into objective and subjective domains, there remains a dearth of multiple utility instruments that assess their impact upon quality of life. To address this, ten domains were identified in a preliminary exploratory literature search, and an exploratory review generated enough facets to represent each domain, with items developed to form a composite scale. A principal components analysis run on data collected from 210 participants produced seven factors: relationships, work, money, health, leisure, and life management, with the remaining four domains subsuming into a seventh composite subjective factor (mental state). Final items were collated into the new Clinical Quality of Life Scale (CLINQOL) and were tested against the Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument, the Personal Wellbeing Index–Adult, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction with Life scale, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. The CLINQOL demonstrated suitable reliability, with items within each category forming internally consistent subscales. The full scale score demonstrated satisfactory test–retest reliability and concurrent validity, correlating with all measures. Findings suggest that the CLINQOL captures critical clinical factors, and may be an acceptable instrument to assess quality of life and well-being.

Digital Exclusion and COVID-19: Does Communication Technology Correlate with Wellbeing?

Aim To explore the implications of digital use on the wellbeing of older people during the pandemic. Method 33 adults aged 70 and above responded to an online and phone survey, a communication technology usage questionnaire, and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A). A Spearman test determined the correlation between frequency of communication technology usage and wellbeing. Results A significant medium correlation (r=.488, p=.004) was found between frequent digital communication usage and a higher average score on the PWI-A. Significant correlations were found between frequent technology use and health satisfaction (r=.377, p=.03), a sense of personal security (r=.404, p=.02), and a sense of future security (r=.597, p≤.001). Of all the communication platforms, video calls and emails yielded the most significant positive correlations with personal wellbeing. Conclusion Results suggest that frequent users of communication technology felt greater levels of wellbeing and life satisfaction during the pandemic than non-frequent users.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Arthroplasty Surgeons.

BackgroundAfter the COVID-19 pandemic declaration in March 2020, all the elective total joint replacement surgeries in Canada were abruptly canceled for an indefinite period of time. The principal objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychological morbidity experienced by arthroplasty surgeons during the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives included characterizing influential variables affecting the surgeon’s well-being and suggesting directives for improvement.MethodsThis study surveyed Canadian Arthroplasty Society (CAS) members regarding their psychological well-being using the validated General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A). As well, the survey included questions regarding concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures, personal well-being, and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 80 surgeons (52% of those surveyed) completed the questionnaire, representing all 10 provinces in Canada. The prevalence of emotional distress and depression were 38% and 29%, respectively. Psychological morbidity most commonly resulted from concerns of loss of income/operating time, experiences of emotional conflict, and generalized safety worries. The surgeons commonly (93%) demonstrated insight in recognizing the impact of COVID-19 on their emotional health.ConclusionCanadian arthroplasty surgeons demonstrated emotional resilience and insight during COVID-19. Continual communication, as well as remuneration action plans, could improve the mental well-being of at-risk individuals.

Construction and evaluation of a mindfulness-based quality of life and well-being program (MQW) in a randomized trial

Due to the multi-factorial nature of the self-report of happiness, an enhancement program was designed that focused on mental style (subjective processes), and relationships, work, money, health, and leisure (objective life domains). An examination of interventions revealed mindfulness training (subjective factors) and goal setting (objective factors) as effective change modalities. To address this, the Mindfulness-based Quality of Life and Well-being Program (MQW) was developed and evaluated against the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Quality of Life Index, Personal Wellbeing Index–Adult, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction with Life scale, and the newly developed Clinical Quality of Life Scale (CLINQOL). To explore training protocol effects, the program was delivered in a graduated (6 weekly sessions x 2 hours) and intensive (2 consecutive days x 6 hours) format. Using a randomized trial, participants were allocated across these conditions and a control. A total of 191 participants completed the study and were assessed at pre, post and follow up time points. Increases in mindfulness, quality of life, subjective well-being, and positive and negative affect (not life satisfaction), were greater in treated (combined formats) than control participants at post-test, and for mindfulness at follow up. Other than an increase in mindfulness for the 2 day condition at follow up, changes were similar in both intervention formats. Finally, to investigate what unique difference the MQW might have in comparison to teaching just mindfulness, the full version of the program was compared to an expanded section of the mindfulness component of the program. A total of 74 subjects began the program and filled out assessments across the three time periods. There was no difference between groups or an interaction between group and time. Overall, the findings provide preliminary evidence that a multi-dimensional training approach, using mindfulness and goal setting, may be a beneficial intervention model to enhance subjective and objective components in the perception of quality of life and well-being. However, further investigation into its added benefit to mindfulness alone is required.

Integrating Crisis Management into the Strategic Planning Process in the Service Sector Firms

The official declaration of the Movement Control Order (MCO) since March 2020 in Malaysia signifies a major step taken by the government to contain the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. This cordon sanitaire has devastating effects on all sectors and ordinary citizens, especially for women (United Nations, 2020). The socio-economic implications of MCO on women requires attention and proper handling. Using data from 841 women, the participants of Family and Community Empowerment Program (FACE), this study explores the extent of changes in the lives of women amid COVID-19. This study describes the socio-economic status (SES) and the well-being of respondents during the implementation of MCO. The Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI) is used to measure the well-being of these women. Results of the study highlight the immediate effect of MCO on the employment status and income of the respondents. Respondents reported lower mean scores on four domains, i.e. future security (M=7.21, SD=1.79); the standard of living (M=7.31, SD=1.88); achievement in life (M=7.36, SD=1.82); and community-connectedness (M=7.39, SD=1.85). The differences in PWI based on the SES of the respondents are also discussed. This study emphasises on the response and recovery efforts that are tailored to support women during this infectious-disease outbreak.

Ontario adults\u2019 health behaviors, mental health, and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundPublic health measures such as physical distancing and work-from-home initiatives have been implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19. These measures may also be associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, which could be particularly problematic for those already at highest risk for losing years of healthy life due to chronic disease (i.e., 30–59-year-olds). The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to provide an overview of Ontario adults’ health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and dietary intake), mental health, and well-being during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April–July 2020); and (2) to explore the difference between physical activity and various health behaviors (i.e., well-being, mental health, and dietary intake).MethodsAs a part of a larger, longitudinal study, participants completed an online survey that included demographic information, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Starting the Conversation, the Mental Health Inventory, and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult. Data analyses involved computing measures of central tendency and dispersion for demographic characteristics and tools followed by descriptive statistics. Separate independent t-tests were conducted to investigate the difference between physical activity status and well-being, mental health, and dietary intake.ResultsA total of 2157 Ontarians completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics indicated that respondents met physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, reported double the amount of recommended recreational screen time, practiced moderately healthy dietary behaviors, experienced mental health problems, and scored below “normal” in some well-being domains.ConclusionAs the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently unknown, its associated restrictions and society changes may influence adults’ behaviors in both the short- and longer-term. As such, our findings might provide immediate insight into the development of timely and evidence-informed health promotion and disease prevention strategies for Canadians, which could support adults’ health behaviors, mental health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and other, future pandemics.

The Subjective Well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life of Australian Adults with Increased Intestinal Permeability and Associations with Treatment Interventions.

Objective: The integrity and function of the gastrointestinal system is important in disease prevention and management. This study aims to describe the management methods used by Australian adults with suspected increased intestinal permeability (IP) and the association with subjective wellbeing (SWB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Design and Setting: Cross-sectional survey of Australian adults diagnosed with IP or have suspected (undiagnosed) IP.Outcome Measures: Questionnaire items investigating demographic characteristics, self-reported outcome of IP and treatment methods used to manage IP. Participants' HRQoL and SWB according to the 20-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-20) and Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A) scale, respectively.Results: Participants (n = 589) frequently used dietary products (87.9%), dietary supplements (72.9%) and lifestyle therapies (54.6%) for managing IP. Participants had lower (i.e., worse) mean SWB scores for all domains compared to the Australian population (p < 0.001). The number of days IP reported to affect daily living was negatively correlated with SWB and HRQoL (p < 0.001). Participants that reported an improvement in their IP in the previous 12 months were more likely to be treated by a healthcare practitioner (OR = 2.04, p = 0.015), use dietary supplements (OR = 2.66, p = 0.003), participate in vigorous exercise (OR = 2.99, p < 0.001) and employ vagus nerve stimulation (OR = 3.10, p = 0.010). Conversely, they were less likely to consume gluten (OR = 0.35, p < 0.001) or use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 0.35, p = 0.022). Self-reported improvement of IP (β = 10.70, p < 0.001) and use of dietary products (β = 12.12, p = 0.008) were predictors of a higher level of SWB.Conclusions: Altered IP may pose a greater health burden than previously thought, with poor SWB and HRQoL reported in Australian adults with self-reported IP. Our results highlight the potential clinical relevance and consequence of altered IP, providing the first indication of a possible relationship between altered IP and both SWB and HRQoL.

Prevalence and Psychosocial Determinants of Body Mass Index in Adult Population within a National Community Sample

Studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Economic Development and Cooperation Organization (OECD) has shown that the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a serious health problem. The Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a commonly used height-weight index to classify overweight and obesity, is calculated by dividing body weight by the square of height (kg/m²). Psychological factors and sociodemographic characteristics are supposed to affect BMI under current living conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between BMI, used in the classification of obesity, sociodemographic characteristics, and various psychological factors in adult. A total of 5,902 individuals (aged 39 and over) completed Sociodemographic Information Form, Body Mass Index Evaluation Form, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, Brief Symptom Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Personal Well-Being Index-Adult Form. Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, obesity and overweight were associated with educational status, number of cigarettes, number of children, negative self in both genders. Obesity and overweight were also associated withpsychiatric distress, alexithymia, and avoidant attachment scores in men. Obesity and overweight were associatedalso with alcohol use, somatization, and positive affect score in women. The results of the study reveal the importance of understanding the factors affecting obesity and addresses the problems in a multidimensional way. However, more studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with obesity in Turkey.

Gender and Age Factors in Subjective Wellbeing and Quality of Life Among College Students

Quality of life (QOL) and subjective well-being (SWB) among college students have been deemed as importantissues in studies. The present study aims to explore any influential elements of gender and age to their QOL andSWB, and to know if the QOL is influential to the SWB. Participants amounted to 651 respondents totally fromthree Indonesian universities (Diponegoro University, Padjajaran University, North Sumatra University) wereinvolved in a purposive sampling using two instruments, i.e., the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A) tomeasure SWO and The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure QOL.Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) test was used in the analysis. The results showed that age and gender had asignificant effect on SWB (respectively .11 &amp; .040, with p &lt; .05) but had no effect on QOL of students(respectively .510 &amp; .751, with p &lt; .05). In addition, QOL was shown to affect SWB (p &lt; .05). As a result,counselors and stakeholders on campus are encouraged to consider age and sex factors in their attempts ofincreasing college students’ SWB. However, further research is still suggestible to explore more complex factorsin college students’ QOL, which can include social, individual, and other demographic factors.

Perceptions of aquatic physiotherapy and health-related quality of life among people with Parkinson's disease.

BackgroundEnablers for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) participating in aquatic physiotherapy have been identified, and exercise improves health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) but it is unclear whether all enablers and barriers for aquatic physiotherapy specific to the PD population have been explored.ObjectiveTo describe HRQoL in people with PD who have undertaken aquatic physiotherapy, and explore their perceptions and attitudes regarding the programme.MethodsTwenty‐one participants who participated in a pilot trial on aquatic physiotherapy were included. Participants completed a survey regarding their experiences. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire‐39 (PDQ‐39) and Personal Well‐being Index‐Adult (PWI) were used to quantify HRQoL, whilst focus groups were conducted to explore their perceptions and attitudes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize HRQoL scores. Focus group data were analysed using the deductive coding method.ResultsMost participants felt that the aquatic programme was worthwhile (n = 20/21, 95%). However, they had poor overall well‐being (mean 41.6, SD 13.5) and HRQoL (mean 31.0, SD 13.2) as measured by the PWI and PDQ‐39. Several barriers to aquatic therapy including safety when getting dressed, fatigue and transport were identified although many enablers were also identified, including an improvement in function, less falls and group socialization.ConclusionsAquatic physiotherapy was well‐accepted. Participants felt their function improved and felt safe in the water. HRQoL is lower in individuals with PD when compared to Australian norms; thus, interventions to optimize HRQoL need to be explored further.Patient or Public ContributionPatients participated in the aquatic intervention, survey and focus groups.