Personal Social Status Research Articles

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Aesthetic Procedures

Throughout human history, the appearance of the body has affected the way people perceive themselves and the way they are perceived. Consequently, people have developed ways of changing it to conform to societal standards of beauty. Medical advancements and progress in aesthetic medicine have made beauty more accessible. In modern society, people increasingly think of the body as a “project and process,” making it a long-term investment in social status. Various studies on the relationship between individuals’ personal social status and external appearance have shown the two to be tightly interconnected. The outbreak of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic triggered the widespread use of online meeting platforms, e.g., Zoom, Skype, Teams, etc. This has brought about the “Zoom effect,” individuals’ stronger awareness of their looks, which has raised more interest in aesthetic treatments. Researchers emphasize the positive effect of aesthetic treatments in lifting moods and improving depression. This paper discusses socially-motivated behavior and the effect of individuals’ external appearance on their social status.

Family and Higher Educational Institutions - Grades of Stability in Gender Relations

The family is focused on stabilizing grades in gender relations and educational institutions. Children need to have the knowledge their family needs before they start working. At the same time, the family is focused on stabilizing grades in gender relations and educational institutions. It was emphasized that young people should have the knowledge needed by their families before starting work. The principles of legality, democracy, openness and transparency, and equal rights for women play an important role in ensuring gender equality and mutual understanding. The essence and principles of the OSCE to ensure equality of women are revealed, regardless of race, nationality, language, religion, social origin and faith, as well as personal social status. In the family and in universities, gender culture is ensured, as well as improvement and management of change during the period of study; the line of action to ensure gender-role orientation is aimed at a set of template models. Students must clearly role model one gender or the other.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Impact of Mobile Phone use on Health Status Among Students at a Selected Degree College of Rural Areas of Bagalkot District

Nowadays we people are living in a completely technically forwarded society, smart phones have become absolutely necessary for communication, especially for the new and young generation. In last 10 to 20 years of cell phone presence, mobile phone culture has been built up in which mobile phones are used for starting and even maintaining any relationships, exhibiting any individual’s personal identity and self-belongingness, and even cell phones are used to claim membership in a social websites and groups like WhatsApp and Facebook and thus improving personal social status.1 Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding impact of mobile phone use on health status among students. Materials and Methods: Pre-experimental, with one group pre-test, post-test design was used. Disproportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 60-degree college students. Data was collected by structured questionnaire prepared by researcher. Results: The mean score in pretest was 11.48±4.23, whereas in post-test it increased to 19.12±3.68. The paired ‘t’ test value =24.33 at α = 5%, showed that there was a significant difference between pretest and post test scores before and after the administration of STP on knowledge regarding impact of mobile phone usage on health status. Conclusion: Standard teaching programme is an effective measure to improve the knowledge of degree students regarding impact of mobile phone use on health status. Keywords: Effectiveness, impact, Knowledge, mobile phone, Structured teaching program, students.

Growth and neurodevelopmental status in patients with retinopathy of prematurity treated with intravitreal bevacizumab: a case\u2013control study

BackgroundThe current study aimed to evaluate growth and neurodevelopmental status in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).MethodsThis historical cohort study was conducted on neonates with ROP who were treated with IVB and age and birth weight-matched controls who did not need IVB. Apgar score less than five, history of blood transfusion and history of infectious diseases were among exclusion criteria. Indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations were performed till complete retinal vascularization. Growth and neurodevelopmental status were evaluated by Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) at the ages of 6, 12, and 18 months. Developmental milestones were assessed in five areas (gross motor, fine motor, personal-social status, problem-solving, and relationship) and overall issues.ResultsA total of 34 cases and 36 controls were included in the present study. Birth weight and corrected gestational age were not statistically different between the groups. In a follow-up period of 18 months, bevacizumab was effective as a primary treatment in the treatment of severe cases of ROP. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the five areas and overall issues in follow-up intervals (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe obtained results did not show any growth and neurodevelopmental differences between treatment-naïve infants and those receiving IVB for the treatment of ROP.

Factors affecting the mode choice behavior before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

The transport sector has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic disrupting travel behaviors and mobility patterns around the globe. The pandemic has also affected mode choice behavior. This research study modeled the mode choice behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Data was collected through an online questionnaire survey consisting of questions about socio-economic characteristics, factors affecting mode choice, and mode chosen for shorter as well as longer distances for both before and during COVID-19 pandemic situations. The results indicated that public transport use declined, whereas walking and bicycling slightly increased during the pandemic. The respondents placed more priority on safety and security, comfort, cleanliness, infection concerns, personal social status, availability of hand-sanitizers, waiting, and paying more for less congested vehicles during the pandemic. Factor analysis was performed to explore the underlying factors affecting mode choice before and during the pandemic. Discrete choice models were developed to model the mode choice behavior. Monthly household income and pandemic-related underlying factor were significant predictors of mode choice for shorter distances (i.e., < 5 km) during the pandemic. Whereas, gender, car ownership and monthly household income were significant predictors of mode choice for longer distances (i.e., > 5 km) during the pandemic. Understanding the modal shift during a pandemic will surely help urban and transport planners to prepare better for effective transport management in the future. Policy implications are also presented to help policymakers in developing policies for post-pandemic mobility needs, particularly in developing countries.

중국 소비자의 스크린쿼터제(Screen Quota System)에 대한 태도에 관한 연구

With the signing of the policy to increase imported movie screen quota in 2012, a batch of high-tech and highly conceptualized Hollywood movies will flood into the Chinese movie market, which will inevitably bring impacts to the developing Chinese movie industry. At the same time, this competition will also bring new impetus and inspiration to the Chinese movie development. The purpose of this study is to research the attitudes of Chinese consumers towards the screen quota system and their attitudes towards the continuous viewing of Chinese movies through studying he causal relationship between the models. For the analysis on the surveys, the statistics analysis tool program SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 are used. Factorial analysis, credibility analysis, variance analysis (ANOVA) and path analysis are based on the purpose of the research. The results are as follows. First, the results of the survey based on differences analysis in demographic characteristics show that men prefer their national culture and will continue to support Chinese movies. People with a high level of education prefer foreign cultures and feel that watching foreign movies is beneficial to improve their personal social status. People with high education are more prone to impulse shopping without plans. According to the number of times to go to the cinema to watch Chinese movies in a year, people who like Chinese movies will go to the cinema many times to watch Chinese movies to support Chinese movies. Second, based on the results of the path analysis, all the paths in the model are shown to be beneficial. However, only the path of social aggrandizement and attitudes toward the screen quota system is shown to be negative, so it is thought that the screen quota system is not conducive to improving people’s social status. If Chinese movies want to attract more people to watch, they need to improve their production technology and popularity.

Public vs Private Space of Parking: Zoning, Accessibility, and Etalage

Public parking spaces are facilities that support the activities of urban residents with relatively high mobility. As with all definitions of public spaces, public parking space facilities are assumed to be accessible to everyone without questioning their status. Several different things are found in public parking spaces in higher education institutions at UNHAS. This research examines the meaning of public parking spaces for UNHAS people and how they are connected to these facilities. The study was conducted at the Tamalanrea UNHAS campus. Data were collected using in-depth interviews to explore how they perceive zoning meanings, accessibility of public parking spaces, the signages placed there, and observations surrounding campus parking spaces. The interview involved 140 informants consisting of structural officials, lecturers, employees, students, and guests. The results showed that, in practice, the public parking space of UNHAS had become a private space because it cannot be accessed and used freely by everyone, except those with specific social status as written on parking signs (i.e., rector, vice-rector). It is also found that parking spaces have become an etalage for displaying and promoting the personal social status of UNHAS officials.

Linguistic conceptualization of pride in Russian and English cultures

The paper deals with linguistic conceptualization of pride in Russian and English. Main notional vectors of such mental entity are specified. This concept is represented as a semantic field of affiliated meanings defining various aspects of personal social status evaluation. I argue that exaggerated selfrepresentation is expressed as contempt to the others, desire to dominate and show disrespect to other people, and to show them that they belong to a lower class. This concept is often illustrated by metaphors of size and height. Common ways of nonverbal demonstration of pride are certain facial expressions and gestures. Typical objects of feeling proud of are described. Everyday and religious discourse substantially varies in expression and evaluation of pride. Proverbs focus on critical evaluation of being too proud of oneself, whereas aphorisms show an ambivalent attitude to this concept.

‘Journey to the future’: imaginaries and motivations for homeland trips among diasporic Armenians

AbstractThis article highlights diasporic migrants' transnational linkages with and trips to their homeland. Second and later generations of diasporic Armenians, predominantly from the USA and Canada, claim to travel to the ancestral homeland in Armenia not as heritage tourists to see the holy Mount Ararat but to invest in local development through social work. Based on ethnographic research, in‐depth interviews with volunteers and text materials, this article identifies those specific features of the contemporary diasporic ‘sacred journey’ that differ from conventional return migrations. This new inter‐continental migratory path between North America and Armenia has a temporary character. By analysing the range of reasons why young professional Armenian‐Americans and Armenian‐Canadians should choose to travel the long distance to offer their services, this article provides insight into the decision to become a volunteer in Armenia and the ways non‐profit diasporic organizations channel and mobilize this transnational activity. The study shows that ‘ethnic’ volunteers are highly conscious of the modern understanding of mobility as being a marker of personal social status within the society in which they grew up. The study of a variety of imaginaries among members of a paradigmatic diasporic group, such as Armenians, shows how second and later diasporic generations take advantage of their multi‐cultural background to become transnational global actors.

Subjective social status, objective socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular risk in women.

Subjective perceptions of personal social status may relate to health beyond the effects of objective socioeconomic status (SES). The authors examined the relationship between subjective social status (SSS) and psychosocial, behavioral, and physical cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged women. Ninety-two women (90.2% White) completed ladder-based, pictorial self-report measures of SSS relative to others in their community and in the United States. Psychosocial measures of depression, anxiety, pessimism, stress, and social support and behavioral risk factors of fruit and vegetable consumption, leisure physical activity, and body-mass index were obtained. In addition, women underwent measurement of clinic blood pressure and assessment of daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP) over 2 consecutive days. Community SSS was significantly inversely related to anxiety, pessimism, stress, and daytime ambulatory DBP after controlling for objective SES and U.S. SSS. Women with lower U.S. SSS showed less healthy dietary and exercise behaviors and, contrary to predictions, lower clinic and ambulatory DBP. This study provides additional evidence that perceptions of one's position in the social hierarchy could have important health implications beyond the impact of objective SES. Further, the cardiovascular risk implications of perceived community versus U.S. social status appear to be distinct.

Young Children With Developmental Delays As Young Adults: Predicting Developmental and Personal–Social Outcomes

We report on a 20-year follow-up of 30 children with developmental delays identified at age 3. Our purpose was to assess the relationship of early indicators of delay to cognitive and personal-social status in young adulthood. Predictors were Developmental and Personal-Social factors derived from standardized tests and parent questionnaires administered when the children were 3 and 6 to 7. Outcome measures in young adulthood included standardized and project-developed questionnaires and interviews with young adults and parents. Findings indicate that prediction varies relative to the outcome assessed. Developmental status at 6 to 7 was a strong predictor of developmental status in young adulthood. However, personal-social outcomes were generally not predicted by Personal-Social factors in the early years.

Small area statistics as markers for personal social status in the Scottish heart health study.

To evaluate a deprivation index, calculated from small area statistics for postcode sectors, as a measure of individual social status in an epidemiological study of coronary heart disease (CHD). A baseline, cross sectional survey. Twenty two local authority districts of Scotland surveyed between 1984 and 1986. A total of 10359 men and women aged 40-59 years randomly selected to the Scottish heart health study. The Scottish deprivation categorisation, derived from small area statistics, exhibits a strong linear trend (p = 0.001 or below) for individual prevalent CHD for men and women, unadjusted, and adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors. The degree of association with CHD is similar to that for measures of social class based upon occupation. The Scottish deprivation categorisation is an effective measure of individual social status in the current study, broadly comparable in its effect with the more traditional classification derived from occupations. The latter has important problems in definition, especially for women. Small area statistics may provide a useful marker of individual social status in a more general epidemiological setting.

Differences in the determinants of husbands' and working wives' class and political party identifications

Recent research has suggested that the occupational prestige of working wives influences their perceptions of personal social status beyond the effects of husbands' occupation. The present study uses data from the National Opinion Research Center General Social Surveys for 1973–1977 and incorporates stratification characteristics ignored in previous work. The results are consistent with past findings in that wives' occupational achievements had no impact on either the subjective class or political party identifications of husbands. Contrary to previous results, working wives' occupational prestige, while affecting their political party choice, had no independent effect on their perception of personal social status. The educational attainments of working wives, however, did affect their social class identification. Attempts at resolution of the apparent discrepancy between past and present findings are presented and implications are discussed.

Relationships between Personal-Social Measures Applied to 10-Year-Old Boys

Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine the interrelationships between measures of various aspects of the personal-social status of 10-year-old boys and to consider the relationships between these measures and tests of their maturity, physique, structure, and strength. Generally high coefficients were obtained for the correlations between “friends” and “homework” categories of the sociometric questionnaire and Cowell's Personal Distance Ballot and for the five intercorrelations of the five areas and composite of the SRA Junior Inventory. The correlations between the peer-status measures and the Inventory scores and the level of aspiration score utilized were mostly insignificant. Low, but significant, correlations between personal-social measures and physical tests were obtained in the following instances: (a) positive between three peer status measures and mesomorphy and negative between these measures and ectomorphy; (b) positive between Cowell Personal Distance Ballot and the 60-yard shut...