Personal Property Research Articles

The tiptoe to crypto: An analysis and account of property in cryptocurrency

This paper argues that cryptocurrency, including cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, should be understood as qualified property. We build up support for this claim in three stages: first, we outline the diversity of cryptocurrencies, a diversity which is underappreciated in the current literature. We then outline the importance of theoretical presuppositions which operate in the ‘cryptocurrencies as property’ debate. This is followed by a detailed critique of established positions. We explore the shortcomings of three commonly-held views in the debate: that cryptocurrencies are property, belonging to a third category of personal property beyond the choses in possession/choses in action distinction; that cryptocurrencies are property and belong to the category of choses in action; and, lastly, that cryptocurrencies are not property at all. We then develop a new analysis of property in cryptocurrencies, taking into account both the variety of cryptocurrencies which exist and capturing the doctrine operating currently in property law, including its theoretical underpinnings. Through understanding rights in property as relative, and property itself as a scale, we avoid the shortcomings of other popular accounts whose shortcomings we identify, and show that cryptocurrencies are a form of choses in possession – namely, qualified property.

Getting started with the graded response model: An introduction and tutorial in R.

This tutorial introduces the graded response model (GRM), a tool for testing measurement precision within the item response theory (IRT) paradigm, which is useful for informing researchers about the item and person properties of their measurement. The tutorial aims to guide applied researchers through a unidimensional GRM analysis in the R environment, using the psych, mirt and ggmirt packages. GRM is specifically designed to examine the psychometric properties of psychological scales with polytomous (Likert-style) items. The tutorial illustrates the procedure using data from the Open Psychometrics Database on the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale, outlining the theoretical underpinnings of GRM and steps for data preparation, testing model assumptions, model fitting, plotting item parameters and interpretation of results.

Between restriction and protection: the experience, problems, and improvement path of judicial recognition of personal bankruptcy exempt property in China

Personal bankruptcy exempt property refers to the property retained to ensure future survival and development to safeguard the basic life, career development, and other rights and interests of the debtor and dependents. It is a strong solution to the problems of the right to survival and development of the honest but unfortunate debtor, among other things. This thesis handles the Personal Bankruptcy Regulations of Shenzhen, the personal bankruptcy judicial documents, and judicial cases issued by the courts as samples and comprehensively analyzes the problems in the judicial practice of exempting property from personal bankruptcy in China. It innovatively proposes that the scope of recognition of exempted property adopts “inflation as the main approach” and sets up exceptions to protect the interests of creditors and debtors through the principle of “balance of interests”; Construct a recognition standard that “only specifies the types of property” and sets regional limits, protecting and limiting the rights of debtors under the principle of moderate protection; Implement the construction model of exemption property that combines “enumeration” and “generalization”, and under the guidance of the “flexibility principle”, establish a scope of exemption property that is in line with China’s national conditions. This study provides a new sample for international comparative research on the system of personal bankruptcy exempt property. It gives a new direction for exploring the judicial recognition of personal bankruptcy exempt property in China.

CrackNet: A Hybrid Model for Crack Segmentation with Dynamic Loss Function

Cracks are a common form of damage in infrastructure, posing significant risks to both personal safety and property. Along with the development of deep learning, visual-based crack automatic detection has been widely studied. However, this task is still challenging due to complex crack topology, noisy backgrounds, unbalanced categories, etc. To address these challenges, this research proposes a novel hybrid network, named CrackNet, which leverages the strengths of both CNN and transformer. On the encoder side, CNNs are employed to extract multi-level local features, while transformers are used to model global dependencies. Additionally, a strip pooling module is introduced to suppress irrelevant regions and enhance the network’s ability to segment narrow and elongated cracks. On the decoder side, an attention-based skip connection strategy and a mixed up-sampling module are implemented to restore detailed information. Furthermore, a joint learning loss combining Dice and cross-entropy with dynamic weighting is proposed to mitigate the effects of severe class imbalance. CrackNet is trained and evaluated on three public crack datasets, and experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several well-known deep neural networks, with a particularly noticeable improvement in recall rate.

Legal Protection of Notaries in Document Validation through Technology-Based Systems: A Comparative Legal Review of Indonesia, the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia

This paper examines the legal framework and challenges notaries face in adopting technology-based systems for document validation in Indonesia, with a comparative analysis involving the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia. Indonesia's legal framework, particularly Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Office of Notary, has yet to fully accommodate electronic signatures and remote notarization. The requirement for in-person meetings for authenticating notarial acts creates a regulatory barrier to implementing cyber notary services. Furthermore, Indonesian notaries face limited access to essential data systems, such as Dukcapil (Civil Registration Directorate) and BPN (National Land Agency), complicating the verification of personal identity and property documents. In contrast, the United States has adopted e-notary systems, using blockchain technology to ensure data integrity and mitigate fraud risks. The Netherlands provides an integrated platform, allowing notaries to validate documents remotely by accessing national databases in real time. Meanwhile, Australia has implemented a Digital Identity Program to facilitate efficient online authentication of documents. These innovations demonstrate how interoperability, regulatory flexibility, and digital literacy can enhance notary services and legal certainty. This paper proposes regulatory reforms in Indonesia, including revising existing laws to support remote notarization and electronic signatures. Second, developing integrated data platforms for real-time access. Third, providing training programs for notaries to adopt new technologies and ensure data security. By aligning Indonesia’s legal framework with international best practices, cyber notary services can enhance efficiency, security, and legal protection for both notaries and the public, meeting the demands of the digital era.Comparison

Formation and Development of Professionally Important Qualities of Civil Defense Specialists at Higher Education Institutions

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and development of professionally important qualities of civil defense specialists at higher education institutions. Different approaches to the definition of the concept of «professionally important qualities» are analyzed, according to which the concept is considered as biologically determined (physiological, psychological, innate abilities and inclinations), individual and psychological properties of a personality as a specialist as well as personal properties formed and developed in the process of training and professional activities. The author considers some classifications of professionally important qualities of a civil defense specialist. For any type of professional activity, such professionally important qualities as discipline, responsibility, accuracy, attentiveness, observation, sensitivity, punctuality, restraint, ingenuity, ability to self-control and professional self-assessment of one's own states and actions, purposefulness, developed visual and figurative memory and analytical thinking are relevant. Risky professions require physical endurance, coordination of movements, dexterity, ability to tolerate heavy physical loads and high temperatures, determination and courage, mental and emotional stability, risk-taking, ability to switch, distribute, concentrate and hold attention, react quickly to the situation and make independent decisions and act in extreme conditions, a sense of duty, etc. The following groups of professionally important qualities for civil defense specialists are identified and substantiated: psychophysiological, intellectual, emotional and volitional, moral and ethical, managerial and communicative. The possibilities of their formation and development in the process of cadets' professional training at a higher education institution are considered.

Interindividual Similarity of the Spatial Organization of the EEG: an Ontogenetic Study

In this study took part 39 adult subjects, 28 children 12 years old, 21 children 8–9 years old, 26 children 5–6 years old and 19 newborns. In each age group, the coefficient of interindividual similarity (CIS) of the spatial organisation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was calculated using Pearson's crosscorrelation algorithm. Results reveal high level of interindividual similarity of spatial structure of EEG distant connections. Both in adults and children CIS exceeded 0.80. In women, compared with men, a significantly higher level of interindividual similarity of the spatial organization of the EEG was revealed for all studied combinations of EEG connections. The obtained data shows that relative stability in ontogenesis of the spatial structure of dynamic activity of the cortex is apparently provided mainly through determined by a genotype distant intra- and interhemispheric interconnections that forming certain morfofunctional “skeleton” of neocortex. The functionally specific interactions realizable across more plastic “local chains” of near intercortical interrelations are carried out on basis of the dynamic activity of the brain hemispheres that ordered by means of such “global” interactions. Such system organization of intercortical interactions can provide both safety of individual properties of personality and the ability of the brain to effectively adapt to various influences of environment at phenotype formation in ontogenesis.

The Current State Of Personal Property Taxation

A significant portion of local budget revenues is generated from tax revenues derived from individuals' property tax payments. Thus, the property tax levied on individuals is an important factor influencing the development level of the regions in our country. This article highlights the factors affecting property tax volumes and the tax incentives related to its payment. The theoretical and methodological foundations of taxing individuals on property are examined. The components of the property tax are analysed: the tax on real estate, excluding land plots, transport tax, and land use fees. The mechanism for collecting property tax from individuals is discussed under the Tax Code of Ukraine. The fiscal effectiveness of the existing system of property taxation for individuals in Ukraine is analysed, along with the peculiarities caused by the imposition of martial law. In the context of armed aggression against Ukraine, government budget expenditures have significantly increased. Therefore, studying the fiscal function of the property tax on individuals is a pressing issue. The article presents data on the payment of real estate tax by individuals, excluding land plots, transport tax, and land fees, before and after the onset of military actions in Ukraine. The research has established that the volumes of tax revenues from individuals' property taxes are increasing yearly. The research results confirm that the property tax on individuals, under martial law, is a substantial source of funding for local budgets in Ukraine. This underscores the importance and necessity of further enhancing the fiscal function of this tax. It has also been established that the fiscal potential of the property tax on individuals is not fully utilized due to the deficiencies in the existing taxation system. Brief examples of property taxation for individuals, based on the assessed value of such property in foreign countries, are provided. The prospects for reforming the property taxation system for individuals in Ukraine are discussed. Recommendations for reforming the property tax for individuals are formulated to increase its fiscal function.

Yarn-Based Degradable Janus PPDO Fabric for Multifunctional Applications.

The growing high standard of people's wear has put forward requirements for fabrics, and multifunctional fabrics have been developed precisely in response to the requirements of the times. However, the incineration of waste fabrics produces a large amount of pollutants, resulting in a massive waste of resources and environmental pollution. Herein, the degradable nanofiber yarns (NYs) with self-cleaning properties were fabricated by in situ growth of SiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the electrospun poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) NYs using the Stöber method. Then, the PPDO NYs were blended with carbon fibers and the PPDO/SiO2 NYs with themselves to form the Janus PPDO fabrics, respectively. The Janus PPDO fabric offered asymmetric wettability and dual personal thermal management properties. The PPDO/C side of the Janus PPDO fabric provided 65.8 °C at 1.5 V or 58.5 °C under one sunlight intensity for radiative heating. The PPDO/SiO2 side exhibited high solar reflectivity (81.8%) and mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity (99.1%), which reduced the skin temperature by 4.6 °C, resulting in radiative cooling. Moreover, the Janus PPDO fabrics display an excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance (53.3 dB). Therefore, yarn-based degradable Janus fabric has a promising future in multifunctional wearable products.

Firearm Experiences, Behaviors, and Norms Among Rural Adolescents

Rural adolescents are at high risk for firearm-related injury, yet most existing prevention efforts are informed by research conducted in urban areas. Despite the need to account for rural perspectives, few studies have investigated the unique social ecological context of firearms for rural adolescents or have directly engaged with rural adolescents to understand their views on firearm use. To describe rural adolescents' firearm behaviors and perceptions of firearm-related social norms within their communities, peer groups, and families. This cross-sectional study used a convergent mixed-methods design and involved a community-based participatory research approach. Participants comprised 93 adolescents residing in rural Washington state and enrolled in a county or tribal reservation 4-H youth development program as an intermediate or senior age-level grouping (ie, aged 12-19 years). Adolescents completed a survey and participated in a semistructured focus group or interview between September 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic analysis. Individual handgun behavior and peer, family, and community perceptions of firearm-related social norms. The sample included 93 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.7 [1.7] years; 49 female participants [52.7%]). Approximately half of participants (52 [55.9%]) had carried a handgun at some point in their lives, with a mean (SD) age at first carry of 10.9 (3.1) years. Primary themes across quantitative and qualitative data focused on social norms (specifically, acceptable and unacceptable ways to engage with firearms, reasons for carrying firearms, and places to carry a firearm). In this cross-sectional study, rural adolescents in 4-H programs generally understood acceptable and unacceptable firearm carrying behaviors, which aligned with state laws. Findings provide context for rural adolescent behaviors such as carrying a firearm predominantly for prosocial reasons (hunting, recreation, and sport) and adult behavior such as carrying for protection of person and personal property. Understanding firearm-related social norms in rural communities holds implications for firearm injury prevention efforts, especially related to enhancing training, developing norms-based prevention approaches, and tailoring efforts to rural settings.

К ассоциативной типологии в контексте изучения языка как достояния человека

The article discusses a number of fundamental for the development of associative typology propositions connected with systemogenesis of language as a human species- specific phenomenon. Using the example of the psychological meanings of lexical units that make up the ethnopolitically marked paradigm of the “national”, the author reflects on the patterns in the functioning of a living language, which are revealed on associative- verbal models of the Russian Language Personality (RLP) and can serve as the basis for the development of an associative typology of language. The article considers the problem of ontology and functional motivation of associative (active) grammar (as an inherent property of a linguistic personality) on a semantic basis. The hypothesis of associative grammar as a factor contributing to the integrative formation of meaningful units in the course of their being recruited for the inclusion into the speech flow through elimination of redundancy is proposed for consideration. It is stated that different functionally specific types of techniques aimed at elimination of redundancy and discovered via experiment can be considered as a subject for analysis in associative typology in the light of whole-systemic comparative analyses of network models of an average (national) linguistic personality. They can be described in terms of associative dominants (accentuations of a linguistic personality) and statistically formalized using vector models represented as psychoglosses and /or chronoglosses (in current diachrony).

Features of performing parental duties under French family law

In the paper the author conducted a scientific study of the peculiarities of the performance of parental duties under the family law of the French Republic. It is noted that the French Civil Code uses the concepts of "parental authority" and "parental authority" to define the set of personal non-property and property rights of parents in the legal relationship between parents and children. French family law defines parental authority as a set of rights and obligations aimed at ensuring the best interests of the child. Parental authority belongs to the parents until the child reaches the age of majority or emancipation, for the purpose of protecting the child, ensuring the protection of his safety, health, protection of private life and his morality, ensuring his education and development, provided that the child is involved in making decisions related to exercise of parental authority, in accordance with the degree of maturity and age of the child; it cannot be carried out with the use of physical or psychological violence against the child. The main requirements for the exercise of parental authority (parental authority) by French family law are the proportionality of its exercise by each parent in accordance with the capabilities of each parent and the needs of the child); their joint implementation by both parents, unless otherwise established by a court decision in family matters; the emergence of parental rights and obligations on the basis of marriage and the birth of a child in it or within a year after the dissolution of the marriage, on the basis of a joint statement or a court decision in family matters; their termination in case of recognition of the father or mother as incapable, deprivation of parental rights or death; changing the conditions of their implementation by one of the parents is subject to prior and timely informing of the other parent and agreement with him. French family law defines the possibility of transferring (delegating) parental authority to a third party, a family member or trusted relative, a childcare facility or a departmental service for children at the request of the parents, a person, an institution or a service where the child is (while transferring (delegating) is not subject to the right of parents to consent to the adoption of a minor child). According to the French Civil Code, such management is carried out jointly by both parents, and in the case that parental authority is exercised by one of the parents - by the parent who exercises it.

Інформаційно-комп’ютерна технологія підтримки психічного здоров’я людини з урахуванням її характерологічних властивостей

Introduction. The current stage of the development of society is characterized by an avalanche-like increase in information, which, due to the continuous and rapidly growing pace, has acquired the character of the information industry. Currently, the problem of developing and using information systems in those areas of activity that are related to human health, especially in the areas of psychosocial status of a person who was under the negative influence of stressogenic factors caused by the state of war, is gaining relevance. Therefore, the development of information technology, which includes methods of operative diagnosis of the psychological state of a person, methods of qualifying corrective and rehabilitation measures with the involvement of the willpower of the victims, taking into account their characterological properties and the strength of the personal "I", are of great importance. Providing psychological support to persons who have been under the negative influence of psychogenic factors is an urgent and rather complex problem. We consider it expedient to involve the means of modern computer technologies in its solution. The purpose of the paper is to develop a computer decision-making support system for the rehabilitation of the psychosocial state of health of a person who was under the negative influence of psychogenic factors, taking into account personal character traits. Results. A hierarchical structure of health assessment technology was developed, taking into account personal characterological properties. On the basis of a hierarchical approach, an information-technological structure of classification and evaluation of human character properties has been developed. A program algorithm for the application of rehabilitation measures depending on the strength of manifestation of characterological properties of the individual has been synthesized. A computer system was developed to support rehabilitation decision-making by a person with psychological problems, taking into account his personal character traits. Conclusions. The developed classification of the working information array, which is carried out using a hierarchical approach, systematizes and transforms a huge amount of unordered data related to the psychological component, taking into account the character, into an information product convenient for further computer-technological transformations. The developed information technology, implemented in a computer decision support system, is a constructive tool for increasing the accessibility and efficiency of providing the necessary specific information to the user when choosing rehabilitation measures, taking into account the personal characteristics of his character. Taking into account the characterological components of mental status in the developed computer support system for making rehabilitation decisions by persons who were under the influence of psychological overstrain in connection with martial law increases the purposefulness of recommendations in the case of independent selection of health measures. Keywords: human character, hierarchical modeling, negative psychogenic factors, mental health, computer decision support system.

Multimodality of the pedagogical phenomenon of personal developmental educational environment

Introduction. The work examines the personal development educational environment as a pedagogical phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the multimodality property of the pedagogical phenomenon of a personal development educational environment and to determine the features of environmental design. The property of multimodality of the personal development educational environment is substantiated based on the relationship of the environment with the dialectics of personal-environmental relationships in education. Materials and Methods. The research is based on philosophical, cultural, sociological and other materials that affirm the environmental paradigm as relevant for self-developing complex systems. The personal development environment is considered as a unique process of student interaction in education, contributing to the formation of the individual’s personal experience. Research methods include methods of formal logic (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy, generalization and others); analysis of pedagogical concepts in the context of the system of guidelines (values) that determine pedagogical thinking. Results. With the development of personality, new ways of interacting with the environment are traced. Moreover, such methods are not directly determined by cause-and-effect relationships with it. The relevance of the developing educational environment and the individual at its various stages of development presupposes the procedural nature of the educational environment, its stages and internal heterogeneity, and a predisposition to transformation. These properties of the educational environment are embodied in its multimodality. Multimodality is a reflection of the dialectics of personality in education: various images and types of environment are determined by the nature of personal-environmental interactions and emerging relationships. Discussion and Conclusions. The design of a personal development environment is carried out through situations in which the components of the environment and the person interacting with it are presented. Personality development is accompanied by the generation of “filling environments.” “Filling environments” in their multiple manifestations are subject-conditioned, personality-generated areas of cognition and transformation of reality, which are the result of personal-environmental interaction. These areas are distinguished by their dynamism and ability to expand in knowledge and activity. The dynamics of personally determined “filling environments” are accompanied by the formation of the student’s personal properties, attitudes towards reality and himself.

A multifunctional leather composite with good antibacterial and hygrothermal management capabilities

If not removed in a timely manner, the large amount of sweat produced by overheated human skin can cause thermal discomfort and health problems. Development of fabrics with cooling and dehumidifying capabilities is advantageous to improving the quality of human life. In this work, a natural leather-based Zn-monoethanolamine@lignin (Zn-MEA@lignin-leather) composite fabric with personal hygrothermal management properties was fabricated by infiltrating the permeable 3D network microstructure of the natural leather collagen fiber bundles with adhering moisture-absorbent hydrogel containing photothermal lignin. Due to the efficiency of the composite hydrogel in trapping water molecules, the fabric can promote evaporation of sweat from overheated skin surfaces. Compared to the conventional textiles, the composite leather fabric can reduce the humidity of simulated skin surface by about 40 % and accelerate the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface to promote reduction in temperature of the overheated body. Thanks to the good photothermal conversion efficiency of lignin, the hydrated composite fabric exhibits a favorable evaporation regeneration rate (0.498 kg m−2 h−1). In addition, the presence of zinc ions in the coordination complex imparts good antimicrobial efficiency to the composite fabric, with inactivation rates approaching 99.99 % for both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Thus, the composite leather fabric holds great promise to personal hygrothermal management and healthcare.

Alginate-functionalized and 4T1 cell membrane-coated multi-tasking nanoparticulate system for near-infrared-triggered photodynamic therapy on breast cancer: In vitro cellular and in vivo mice models

Recently, combination treatment of chemo-dynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapies (PDT) is well-known and prominent therapeutic strategy for breast tumor. Importantly, tailored nanomedicines with unique personalized properties including nanocarrier suitability and effective targeting ability that requires the exhaustive understanding of tumor microenvironment. Recently, researchers have designed a smart upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that have unique characteristics to achieve targeting for respond tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we first time fabricated a novel combination of oxidized sodium alginate-enveloped and 4T1 cancer cell membrane-coated up-conversion nanoparticles (4TUCNP@SMZ) were engineered for breast cancer-targeted therapy. The nanoparticles could be formed via electrostatic interaction, which showed excellent biocompatibility, increased cellular uptake with normal and cancer cells. The fabricated Alginate and 4T1-membrane functionalized up-conversion nanoparticles significantly benefitted to targeted delivery system for local breast cancer and prominently inhibit tumor development via chemo-dynamic therapy (CDT) and PDT. The greater susceptibility of tumor cells to oxidative stress may also result from the depletion of intracellular GSH by the 4TUCNP@SMZ nanoparticles. The in vitro cell models (4T1 and MCF-7), in vivo tumor model and histological observation demonstrated that 4TUCNP@SMZ nanoparticles effectively targeted to breast tumor microenvironment and inhibit breast cancer cells. This report suggested that multifunctional Alginate-functionalized nanoparticles are a versatile agent for phototherapy for breast cancer treatment.

Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of the Base-Isolated-Reinforced Concrete Structure

Seismic isolation structures have excellent seismic mitigation effects, but implementing isolation measures may increase the initial cost of the structure. This paper presents a method to calculate the seismic loss and assess the life-cycle cost of isolated structures, which is convenient for owners to make decisions. The life-cycle cost assessment model is divided into two parts: initial cost assessment and seismic loss assessment over life-cycle period. Among them, the assessment method of the isolation layer is proposed, including the cost assessment of isolation bearings and dampers. The assessment method of seismic loss considers direct loss, indirect loss, casualties and integrating casualties into a unified assessment system. Direct loss includes building loss, indirect loss includes rental loss, relocation loss, income loss, personal property loss and business inventory loss. The seismic loss model is associated with seismic damage probability, which is obtained through seismic vulnerability and seismic probability risk assessment. The 8-story base-isolated-reinforced concrete structure illustrates the feasibility of the life-cycle-cost assessment model. The example shows that the initial cost of the isolated structure exceeds that of the nonisolated structure, however, the rental loss, income loss, personal property loss and casualties are much lower than those of nonisolated structures. The income loss of the isolated structure is the maximum proportion in life-cycle cost, and the casualty loss is the minimum proportion in the seismic loss, due to its excellent seismic mitigation effects.

Formation of patriotic values as a predictor of psychological and moral stability of young men of conscription age

Introduction. In the conditions of confronting external threats and the need to respond to numerous challenges of modernity, the problem of identifying the predictors of psychological and moral stability of an individual is characterised by special relevance and significance. The aim of the research is to study the extent of formation of patriotic values as a predictor of psychological and moral stability in young people of conscription age. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in four Russian Federation entities: Arkhangelsk-, Kaliningrad-, Murmansk- and Leningrad regions. The total number of respondents was 1,050 – young men aged 16 to 20 (conscription age). The following techniques were used in the research: theoretical methods (analysis of the research subject through investigating statutory documents, psychological and pedagogical literature; synthesis, generalisation, comparison and systematisation of the obtained data), and empirical methods (questioning, testing and interviewing). To achieve the set targets, the following diagnostic tools were used: the Constructive patriotism questionnaire; the Values materialism questionnaire; the Scale of psychological well-being by C. Ryff; the “Behaviour self-regulation style – SSP-98” questionnaire by V.I. Morosanova. Results. It was found that the number of respondents with the formed constructive patriotism prevails twice as much among young people of conscription age. At the same time, it is worth noting that in fact, one in three young men of conscription age who took part in the survey (31.8%) have formed blind patriotism (pseudo-patriotism, patriotism of obedience, ignorance and intolerance). Young people of conscription age with pronounced constructive patriotism, compared to the group of young people with blind patriotism, have more expressed significant basic values: “Independence”; “Power”; “Achievements”; “Traditions”; “Safety”; “Universalism”; “Benevolence”. Meanwhile, the group of young people of conscription age with pronounced blind patriotism demonstrate mostly two basic values: “Stimulation”; “Conformism”. Young people of conscription age with expressed constructive patriotism have statistically significant differences on the scale “Personal growth”. It was also revealed that they have a significantly higher overall level of self-regulation and the levels of individual self-control of various regulatory processes and personal regulation properties according to five indicators (“Modelling”, “Programming”, “Evaluation of results”, “Flexibility”, “Independence”), compared to the group of respondents with the formed blind patriotism. Conclusion. The study provides important data on the extent of the formation of patriotic values serving as a predictor of psychological and moral stability in young people of conscription age. The obtained results are in demand, being relevant since they make it possible to design the personality education and development processes with regard for the bilateral nature of interconditionality of patriotism relative to a person’s psychological and moral stability

The subjective side of real estate fraud

The article deals with the subjective side of the criminal offense under Article 190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, real estate fraud. The author establishes that the subjective side of a criminal offense is of great importance for characterizing fraud. As is known, the subjective side of a criminal offense is its internal side, namely, the mental activity of a person which reflects his/her attitude to the socially dangerous act which he/she commits and its consequences. It is noted that the content of the subjective side of the criminal offense of real estate fraud includes such features as guilt, motive and mercenary purpose. The author concludes that when committing real estate fraud, a person realizes the socially dangerous nature of the offense which he/she commits. Guilt in committing real estate fraud is characterized by direct intent, the content of which is formed by two aspects – intellectual and volitional. The mercenary purpose in committing real estate fraud is expressed in obtaining personal property benefits and is a necessary subjective feature of this type of fraud; it arises in the mind of the guilty person in the form of the final result of the criminal offense – the achievement of material benefit. The motives for committing real estate fraud are of a mercenary nature. They are manifested as internal motivations that guide the perpetrator in committing real estate fraud and form the structure of criminal mercenary motivation. Real estate fraud is committed by persons who are psychologically prepared to commit a criminal offense, clearly realize the illegal actions aimed at seizing ownership of residential property, clearly realize the illegal actions aimed at seizing ownership of someone else’s real estate (to obtain money in a particularly large amount), and the consequences in the form of harm to the victim. Persons who develop such fraudulent schemes mislead victims about their true criminal intentions or abuse the victim’s trust for material gain. The criminals are certainly guided by a selfish purpose and mercenary motives that are fundamental to their behavior.

Reframing Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted.

This essay questions the framing of socioemotional development as a separate concomitant of cognitive development in gifted individuals. Rather, it argues, first, that socioemotional development of the gifted is not separate from giftedness. Second, socioemotional development is not even cleanly and clearly separable from cognitive development. Third, giftedness and even intelligence do not reside inside the person-they are not personal properties but rather interactions of persons with tasks and situations. In sum, giftedness needs to be viewed in a holistic context that encompasses integrated cognitive, socio-emotional, task, and situational contextual elements.