Personal Proper Names Research Articles

Функциональное назначение имени собственного личного в выражении номинативно-предикативного аспекта в художественной диктеме (на материале английской художественной литературы)

The aim of the research is to describe the functional features and categorical differences of personal proper names (anthroponyms) in the construction of the nominative-predicative aspect of the literary dictema. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the identification of the structural-textual functions of personal proper names in relation to their etymological meaning, as well as in the extended examination of the organisation of the nominative and predicative aspects of the dictema. The investigation of linguistic units within the semantic field of the dictema is conducted using authentic texts of English fiction. The paper discusses the functional features of a personal proper name as an informative and significant unit of text that serves to establish semantic connections in the seminal aspects of speech within the literary dictema. Within the framework of the dictemic approach to the study of personal proper names, typical groups of anthroponyms have been identified, which form a specific kind of nominative-predicative centre in relation to the given mental trajectory of objective reality. As a result, the research shows that the appellative bases of anthroponyms are capable not only of denoting events, which allows associating this phenomenon with the nominative part of the dictema, but also of participating in the construction of the predicative aspect, i.e., indicating the reality and unreality of actions in the author’s imagined world and directly in the interpretation of the reader.

Genderově neutrální jména: současný stav a perspektivy

Personal proper names are part of a community’s language inventory. To a large extent, they verbalise gender stereotypes, expectations and norms, power relations, political circumstances, and how minorities are treated. In my paper I analyse the current socio-onomastic representation of gender-neutral names in the context of naming practices in the Czech Republic. More specifically, I examine what factors might explain the decreased use of these names, which, paradoxically, differ from other names in that they have an extended functionality. From a linguistic and legal perspective I inquire into how Czech naming practices stigmatise the sexual otherness of non-binary people and trans people in Czech society. In the conclusion I set out the conditions that must be met for gender-neutral names to be freely available to the entire population. Â

ПЕРЕВОД РУССКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ОЛЬГИ ГРУШИНОЙ)

The article deals with personal proper names translation from Russian into English. Personal names are culturally significant elements and very often raise questions and present difficulties in translating from one language to another. Despite the developed system of transliteration and transcription, translators always face the problem of the cultural specificity of the proper name and the personal name as its variety. The novels of the English-writing Russian author Olga Grushin offer the internal translation of personal names, those done by the bilingual author herself.

O potrzebie nowego słownika odapelatywnych nazwisk Polaków – perspektywy badawcze

The aim of the article is to discuss the issues related to identifying the etymology of Polish surnames derived from appellatives. It also proposes a study containing a more thorough explication of the motivation behind the effects of word-formation that have been used as surnames. It is argued that the use of appropriate methods for analysing personal proper names may significantly contribute to revealing the pragmatic aspects of personal names created in the past. The first part of the text presents the ways of describing the origin of the discussed names in the largest Polish dictionaries of anthroponyms. Its second part is devoted to the presentation of old nicknames (currently functioning as surnames) as messages of everyday communication and elements of the vernacular. This part justifies the idea of compiling a dictionary of Polish surnames based on appellatives which would make use of the tools of ethnolinguistic methodology, especially Ryszard Tokarski’s open definition. The last part of the text presents a proposal for a dictionary entry on the example of surnames derived from the appellative bystry [PL smart].

Имя собственное в строе диктемы введения образа персонажа в английском художественном тексте

The aim of the study is to determine the role of a proper personal name (anthroponym) in the thematic construction of the dicteme of introducing a character’s image and the entire literary text of the English literature. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the semantic connections of the appellative meanings of personal proper names with the lexical content of dictemes and the whole English text. The scientific novelty of the work also lies in the presentation of a new model of a proper name analysis: dictemic analysis. The results obtained have shown that the theme of fiction can be determined in the initial dictemes of introducing an artistic image, the personal name of which correlates with the ideological content of the text and serves as an additional characteristic of a literary hero.

Nazwiska Polaków jako tekst kultury i źródło badań nad wspólnotową autonarracją

The article contributes to the research into the modern system of surnames of Poles as a culture text which can become a basis for reconstructing community self-narrations. The presented perspective takes into consideration the following assumptions: 1. Narration naturally accompanies cognition. 2. Personal proper names (i.e. anthroponyms) have a unique ontological and epistemological status in the anthropocentric cognitive system. 3. An anthroponym is a message determined by cognitive needs and the system of values of a given linguistic and cultural community. In order to reconstruct narrations embedded in surnames it is proposed that the following steps be adopted: 1) perform sta-tistical analysis concerned with the number of onymic derivation sets, 2) undertake semantic stud-ies considering the level of categorization of appellatives which motivate the creation of surnames, 3) adopt endocentric and exocentric perspectives in the analysis of descriptive functions of anthro-ponyms which belong to particular motivation-formal types.

Lithuanian Female Personal Names as Cultural Names Derived from Common Nouns from the Point of View of Speakers of Lithuanian as a Heritage Language

    There are Lithuanian female personal names derived from common nouns, as, for example the name Audra which cames from audra (storm). This kind of names corresponds to conventional female personal names, and some of them are exclusive to Lithuanian culture. Moreover, precise information provided by informant evinces that Onomastic Knowledge is part and parcel of their linguistic proficiency in Lithuanian as a heritage language showing that it is interesting for Onomastic to also consider popular knowledge and beliefs toward personal proper names.

The Historical Anthroponymy of the Ruthenian Population Living in the Historical Territories of the Eastern Lublin Region (On the Material of Registers of Parishes in the Former Greek-Uniate Diocese of Chełm)

The subject of research is the anthroponymy of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) population living in the historical territories of the eastern Lublin region on the Polish-East-Slavic borderland. The underlying objective of the study was to investigate the Ruthenian onomastics functioning in the historical Polish-Ukrainian onomastics and to highlight the territorial diversification of the personal names of Ukrainians, related to the dialectal diversity in the studied territory. The reference database is personal proper names excerpted from the parish registers of Uniate parishes in the former Chełm diocese. The territory investigated was divided into three areas: northern, central and southern, based on the ranges of the Ukrainian dialects spoken in the territory of present-day Poland. The research material was excerpted from the records of Uniate parishes in the former Chełm diocese in the years of 1662–1810.
 The northern area, defined by the range of Podlasie local dialects, and the central area, determined by the ranges of transitional dialects from northern to southern ones and Volhynian dialects, exhibit features closely similar to peasant anthroponymy, while the southern area, defined by the ranges of Dniester and San dialects, presents features characteristic of the anthroponymy of the lower Ukrainian gentry.

Transition of proper personal names when using in the plural form (based on the material of the German language)

The process of language unit reinterpretation to use them in a new communicative or syntactic function is observed in the history of development of all human languages and is characterized by extreme complexity and heterogeneity. This article deals with the process of transition of personal proper names to the category of common names at the morphological level, where the factor of this transition is the grammatical category of the plural, which determines the semantic specificity of proper names in a different way than that of common names. This is due to the fact that proper names are oriented to a single object, which does not imply multiplicity. The resulting semantic shift leading to partial or complete transition of proper names, is described in this article.

The Origin of Scythian Personal Proper Names. The Comparison of Onomastics of Scythia Magna and Scythia Minor

The Origin of Scythian Personal Proper Names. The Comparison of Onomastics of Scythia Magna and Scythia Minor

ПАРЕМИЧЕСКИЕ ЖАНРЫ РУССКОГО И КИТАЙСКОГО ФОЛЬКЛОРА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ЛИЧНОГО ИМЕНИ СОБСТВЕННОГО

The article researches the specifics of how personal proper names function in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Proverbs and sayings are traditionally considered paroemia because they represent a collective evaluation of various situations of life. The idioms that express a position of evaluation towards the current events are not included in the category of paroemiological units, for their components have lost their lexical meaning and acquired a high degree of reinterpretation. The article uncovers the types and the forms of the personal name that perform different functions in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Anthroponyms, mythonyms, chrononyms and hagionyms can be considered characteristic for the Russian proverbs and sayings, and the subjectiveevaluative forms are predominant in the Russian proverbs, where the name functions in a generalized, collective meaning. While the Russian paroemia genres express evaluative connotation explicitly, the Chinese proverbs and sayings are based on the association of a specific personal name, which is known to the majority of the native speakers, with a real historical figure, a specific mythological character or a personality of fiction.

Codification of the Russian Orthography and Capitalization of Personal Proper Names: Is There Any Problem?

Codification of the Russian Orthography and Capitalization of Personal Proper Names: Is There Any Problem?

FORMAÇÃO E USOS DE NOMES HIPOCORÍSTICOS NO PORTUGUÊS DO BRASIL E NO IDIOMA LITUANO

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa em Antroponomástica, um ramo da Onomástica dedicado ao estudo dos nomes próprios de pessoa. O foco desse artigo é a descrição e comparação (1) dos diferentes processos morfológicos envolvidos na formação de hipocorísticos no Português do Brasil e no idioma lituano e (2) dos usos de nomes hipocorísticos como prenomes oficiais em ambos os países de acordo com dados disponíveis em dois websites institucionais nacionais. A análise comparativa descrita ao longo do artigo mostra que os processos morfológicos de abreviação de prenomes de cada língua apresentam entre si mais similaridades do que diferenças. Apesar dessas semelhanças, os usos de hipocorísticos como prenome são bem diferentes em cada país. De acordo com os dados estatísticos brasileiros, atualmente, tem diminuído o uso de hipocorístico como prenome. Ao contrário, segundo os dados estatísticos lituanos, o uso de hipocorísticos como prenome é uma tendência contemporânea na Lituânia.

POMIĘDZY MAGIĄ BAŚNI A SZEREGIEM SKOJARZEŃ, CZYLI KOGO SPOTKAŁA ALICJA W KRAINIE CZARÓW

Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na tematyce przekładu na język polski wybranych osobowych nazw własnych w powieści Lewisa Carrolla pt. Alicja w Krainie Czarów. Głównym celem pracy jest pokazanie konotacji kulturowych oraz etymologii nazw stworzonych przez autora, a więc zaprezentowanie ich specyfiki oraz nierzadko bardziej złożonego znaczenia. Artykuł stanowi również próbę analizy wybranych przez polskich tłumaczy strategii tłumaczeniowych pod kątem zgodności znaczeniowej z oryginałem. Podstawowy korpus badawczy składa się z oryginalnej angielskiej wersji książki z przypisami Martina Gardnera oraz czterech wydanych po 1990 roku przekładów na język polski.

Proper names in Modern Hebrew construct phrases

Abstract This paper explores the distribution of proper names in construct phrases in Modern Hebrew, and uses the construct phrase as a diagnostic for distinguishing both different types of proper names and different uses of proper names. It is shown that in Modern Hebrew (i) personal proper names and definite descriptions have different grammatical properties; (ii) within the category of personal proper names, different usages can be distinguished; (iii) proper names of places (toponyms) and personal proper names have very different grammatical properties.

MICROTOPONYMY OF BELARUSIAN–LITHUANIAN–POLISH BORDERLANDS

<p>In the present report we will focus on the analysis of microtoponyms of Bobrovniki (Babrowniki) village and its surroundings. The village is in Ostrovets (Astravets) district (Republic of Belarus, Grodno (Hrodna) region), north-western part of which borders on the Republic of Lithuania. This area is dominated by flat terrain, which, of course, influenced the system of names of geographical objects.</p><p>Microtoponyms are divided into 2 groups:</p><p>1) names of onomastic origin, which amounted to 53 % of the total number of microtoponymic units;</p><p>2) names of apellative origin, which amounted to 47 % of the total number of microtoponymic units collected by us.</p><p>In the first group of names we have distinguished the units, formed from the stems of official personal proper names, their spoken varieties and place names. Microtoponyms motivated by personal names are especially well represented.</p><p>In the second group of names we have found the names, formed from common nouns. The study of the structural organization of the names of small geographical objects of the village Bobrovniki and its environment showed, that names simple in their structure are more common than composite ones.</p><p>Origin of microtoponyms is characterized by heterogeneity. Of course, most of the names come from the ancestral Belarusian stems and roots – lexemes used in the Belarusian language from the times of Proto-Slavic, East Slavic period, id-est Belarusian own words. But there are detected microtoponymic units, formed by borrowed names as well. Among these microtoponyms the names of the Polish and Lithuanian descent have been recorded.</p><p>Microtoponymic units in the structure of which the suffixes that are typical of the Lithuanian language have been found:-uny- (-un-), rising to the Lithuanian -ūnai;- ishki- dating back to the Lithuanian -iški, -iškė, -iškis, -iška;-oyti (from Lithuanian -aičiai and -aitis).</p><p>In the study of this area there were also recorded microtoponymic units in the structure of which an element of Lithuanian stems has been detected.</p><p>Our material collected 24 % of the total number of names of units, that were formed under the influence of Polish and Lithuanian languages. Thus, it is safe to continue to study MICROTOPONYMY of Ostrovets area, and in particular Bobrovniki village and its surroundings. In this area, common names of small geographical objects that appeared in the Belarusian dialects under the influence of neighbouring languages are wide spread.</p>

Dalla Fiat alla Lavazza con una sosta dolce alla Nutella... La conoscenza dei nomi commerciali come elemento della competenza linguistica e interculturale in italiano L2

This paper deals with the problem of commercial proper names as an important element of the linguistic and intercultural knowledge of foreign languages, particularly in Italian area. The author introduces some notions of the onomastics, especially certain items of its new discipline, that is the chremanomastics, which analyses diverse cultural proper names (chrematonyms), other than personal proper names (antroponyms) or names of places (toponyms), used mainly in marketing. The most interesting onomastic problems that can be explored in language teaching are: the onymization, the appellativization, new lexical formations based on chrematonyms and particular cultures, created by famous brands in national and international contexts. In the conclusion, the author points out that the “onymic competence”, for example the knowledge of commercial proper names and their cultures, forms one of the factors of the global competence in languages and creates facultative windows to understanding the past and present culture of other countries.

Revisiting the Judicially Changed Personal Names in Ethiopia: A Study from a Sociolinguistic Perspective (1960-1995 E.C.)

This paper presents some sociolinguistic observations on the impact of changing political, economic and sociocultural factors on names and naming practices in different administrative regions of Ethiopia. The approach is contrastive by which we compare judicially-changed personal names during three periods, namely 1963-65, 1973-1975, 1993-1995 (E.C.). The study uses empirical data, consisting of actual occurrences of personal proper names collected from the public notices that appeared during the three periods in two Amharic newspapers: the daily Addis Zämän and the weekly Yäzareyitu Ityopya and personal interviews with notable personalities such as religious leaders. The data show the nature of the differences between the personal proper names undergoing changes within the specified periods. Among the changes in the personal names, the majority were changes in one's own name and the second name-change was that of the father or grandfather or change in all three. Finally, when these names were analyzed, it was found that the changes were often from Moslem or chosen family names to Christian names, but sometimes also from a personal name designating a certain ethnic group to a different one. It is argued here that these changes can be largely explained by the political, economic and sociocultural changes that have occurred in Ethiopian society.

Morphology and semantics of proper names in Northern Sotho

The objective of this article is to present the identifying features of the Northern Sotho proper name as a subcategory of the broader word category N (noun). The article analyses the identifying morphological features and semantic interpretations of two types of the proper name, namely, personal and place names in comparison to the common noun. Some proper names in Northern Sotho have the same phonetic form as the common noun, but can be distinguished by morpho-syntactic means. Common nouns may serve as modifying agents and compound with personal proper names for specific semantic effects. Four morphological forms reveal that both common and proper names are used to form place names, with specific morphological elements selecting either common or proper names. As languages advance, it becomes necessary that linguistic elements such as these be afforded further linguistic exploration for valid automatic identification so that they can be extracted from texts for various applications.

Lost in translation: An intertextual study of personal proper-name allusions

A translator who examines a text with a view to translating it will have a number of concerns. Among them, allusions are likely to play a subsidiary but not negligible role. Translating allusions can be a demanding task due to the fact that allusions have specific meanings in the culture and language in which they arise but not necessarily in others. Taking this into account, the present study set out to investigate allusive references, namely personal proper-name allusions (PPN) in the first Book of Rumi’s (1207–1273)Mathnawi, and its two translations by Redhouse (1881) and Nicholson (1940) to find out how translation strategies can help translators to elicit meanings associated with the proper-name allusions in question. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the personal proper names inMathnawiand their equivalents in the two English translations were first identified and statistically analysed. Then, Leppihalme’s (1997) proposed strategies for translating proper-name allusions were applied to the personal proper names in question to see which specific strategies were preferred by each of the translators. The analysis revealed that the overwhelmingly most common strategy for the translation of personal proper names was that of ‘retention without any guidance’. This is indicative of the translators’ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source texts — something that both translators tried to achieve, but to varying extents, as described in the prefaces to their translations. The analysis also showed that when other strategies were employed, a relative loss of allusive connotations was inevitable.