Personal Need Research Articles

Influence of Personal Needs and Social Conditions on the Motivation of Employees and Contractors

Work motivation has a vital role in the development of organizations as it increases the productivity and efficiency of employees. To expand the understanding of individuals’ work motivation, this article examines the influence of individuals’ competence, autonomy, and social connectedness on it. In addition, culture-level moderating factors of these individual-level associations were examined. The findings show that autonomy and social connectedness have a positive influence on work motivation, while competence has a negative influence. Additionally, individual-level associations were moderated by country-level religious affiliation, political participation, humanitarian orientation, and in-group collectivism. In conclusion, contributions are indicated, incl. practical and directions for further research.

Children’s Individual Differences in the Responses to a New Method for Physical Education

Children’s fundamental movement skills (FMS) require planned and guided interventions to develop appropriately. We investigated the effect of a novel Physical Education (PE) method to develop children’s object control, locomotor skills, and motor competence. Further, we examined children’s trainability, i.e., their differential responses to the new method, and identified low and high responders to the intervention. The study lasted three months and included six to seven-year-old children in two groups: control (the current, official PE program; n = 38) and experimental (the new method; n = 52). Twelve FMS [object control (OC), locomotor (LO)] were reliably assessed using the Meu Educativo® app. Using a mixed-effects model, results showed that the experimental group experienced greater changes (p < 0.05) than the control group in OC and LO. Positive individual changes were more frequent with the new method, but children showed a similar pattern in their interindividual variability in both methods. There was a greater reduction in the number of children with lower proficiency in the experimental group. In sum, the new PE method proved superior to the current, official one. Individual responses to the new method showed considerable variation, highlighting the need for personalization in teaching strategies and necessary support for children with lower proficiency levels, ensuring that no child is left behind in their motor development process.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Psychological Birth Trauma.

Psychological birth trauma is common among women in labor and has severe implications for maternal and infant health. Although the prevalence and risk factors of psychological birth trauma have been widely reported, these findings have not been systematically synthesized, limiting screening and interventions. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of and risk factors for psychological birth trauma. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched between their inception and October 1, 2023. Pooled prevalence, odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed or random effects models using Stata 15.0. The pooled prevalence rate of psychological birth trauma was 19%. We performed subgroup analysis based on age, parity, region, and measurement tools. The results showed differences in the prevalence of psychological birth trauma between these subgroups, suggesting the need for clinical personalization in different populations. The pooled odds ratio showed that fear of childbirth, cesarean section, operative vaginal birth, pain during labor, and dissatisfaction with support from midwives were significantly associated with psychological birth trauma. The study found that the pooled prevalence of psychological birth trauma was 19%. PBT risk factors are diverse, and understanding the prevalence and risk factors for psychological birth trauma has important implications for health care and social care systems.

Promoting healthy sexual relationships: The benefits of perspective‐taking and self‐expansion in interracial relationships

AbstractPeople in romantic relationships experience a decline in sexual desire as the relationship progresses, leading them to seek couples therapy. Discrimination and added stress exacerbate this decline. Prior research has identified self‐expansion (i.e., a person's need to expand their selves to take on more perspectives and worldviews) as a relational process to bolster sexual desire. It remains untested if self‐expansion can enhance sexual desire among couples who are the targets of discrimination, such as people in interracial relationships. We considered previous research that identified perspective‐taking as a process to promote positive self‐expansion (i.e., perceiving greater positive vs. negative traits from one's partner into their self‐concept) among White partners in interracial relationships. In our pre‐registered study, we predicted discrimination salience will be positively associated with positive self‐expansion for people who engage in high levels of perspective‐taking and negatively associated with positive self‐expansion for those who engage in low levels of perspective‐taking. In turn, greater positive self‐expansion would be associated with greater sexual desire. There was no interaction between discrimination salience and perspective‐taking on positive self‐expansion. Alternatively, we did find that White partners who considered their partner's perspective, regardless of discrimination salience, reported greater positive self‐expansion, which predicted greater sexual desire.

Toward a Context and Feasibility Driven Entrepreneurial Education: Evidence from Entrepreneurial Intention Determinants of Malaysian Students

Abstract Irrespective of support or opportunities, evidence suggests that most higher education business students in emerging markets are still primarily guided reactively (out of personal need or temporarily) into for-profit entrepreneurship rather than through personal incentive raising doubts on the impact of University entrepreneurial push strategies and programmes. We address the lack of meso level quantitative studies and propose a new student-related context sensitive conceptual model for student entrepreneurial intention in emerging markets exploring the extent to which a context-based and feasibility-oriented conceptual model is required. We propose the components Risk and Innovation, Autonomy, National norms and number of languages spoken all affect entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, we suggest that education has a moderating effect overall and more so on the risk and innovation component. Our theoretical framework was partially supported as we show compelling evidence that risk and innovation, autonomy, and languages spoken have a significant effect on student entrepreneurial intention. The results indicate that conceptual frameworks differ by context and entrepreneurship education in emerging markets is contingent on specific human capital of students but can be stimulated through improving cognitive institutional structures and curricula focusing on context and attitudes towards risk taking.

THE POWER OF CONTROL: TRANSFORMING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN A POST‐PANDEMIC WORLD

AbstractThe author is a corporate and governmental advisor with a background in executive search and leadership advisory. She points to the changes in workplace motivation: a “list of motivating factors was given to each of us by a high school or college guidance counselor, meant to assist us in plotting out future educational paths based on the career choices expected of us by parents, teachers, friends, and potential employers.” These factors, in her words and further described in the article, are Mission, Leadership, Challenge, Scope of Impact, Acquisition of New Skills, Prestige, Personal Needs, and Money. She contends that “when we use the old metrics of success, and only them in only one order, we mistake filling in checkboxes for what our people really want: consonance.” She describes the latter as “the sense of frictionless belonging, of momentous stride, of core relevance.” The “new definition of success,” is built around, in her words, calling, connection, contribution, and control. Related factors are, in her words, flexible work arrangements, autonomy in task management, involvement in decision making, clear communication and expectations, professional development opportunities, empowering middle management, and leading with inspiration.

Ethical xenotransplant research on human brain-dead decedents.

Can it be ethical to conduct xenotransplant research on a human brain-dead decedent (HB-DD) whose organs could otherwise be given to persons in need? The ethical consensus is that it is better to save existing persons via organ donation than to devote a HB-DD to research that will not directly benefit anyone. I argue otherwise. Given how rapidly xenotransplant research is progressing, and its clinical promise in the next couple of years or decades, I argue that it can be ethical to conduct xenotransplant research on a HB-DD whose organs could otherwise be given to individuals in need.

E- Banking Service Quality of Thrift Banks in Nothern Philippines

This study was conducted to determine the assessment of the quality of the e-banking service among thrift banks in Northern Philippines. Data was collected through a questionnaire. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The study revealed that the frequency of client’s use of the service in banks played a significant role in their perception of service quality in thrift banks. It was found that online banking has provided excellent service quality in terms of reliability, responsiveness, efficiency, privacy and security, personal need, and site organization, with personal need as the highest, which indicates how thrift banks have prioritized the need of their customers to switch in online banking and incorporated these personal needs as a feature.

The art of leadership: holistically leading and engaging post-pandemic visual arts education

ABSTRACT Within the post-pandemic landscape of education across the United States, educators have found themselves floundering and rallying to navigate teaching and learning, amidst the personal and collective need to cope and survive. In response, with particular attention to visual arts education, our undergraduate and graduate art education programs are providing transformative professional development for our pre-service and in-service Artist Educator students, through contemplative practices that focus on the heart in order to discover and promote holistic leadership in visual arts education. This conceptual essay examines specific tenets for embracing holistic leadership for Post-Pandemic Visual Arts Education, through the deconstruction of a contemplative model containing three essential components that are integrated practices: (1) Know Thyself: Being Authentic, (2) Hone Emotional Intelligence: Cultivating Empathy and Compassion, and (3) Think and Act Creatively: Engaging Reflectively and Reflexively.

A Training Person Need Analysis for Music Teachers Readiness to Teaching Music Vocational for Visually Impaired Student: A Review

Music vocational is a programme that provides students with work, networking and learning activities outside of school through music performance or other musical activities that encourage students to gain some experience in a music industry job setting. However, music vocational education is still developing and is currently trying to reach students with special needs through special schools. The standardised skills that are commonly used and developed in society need to be understood and practised by children with special needs, especially the visually impaired students. However, its programme some case not being executed by the relevant teachers background. This study aims to examine the need for relevant music teachers for the implementation of music vocational training programmes in special education settings. Literature study on this study to explain the standard specifications of music vocational education and training teachers and how to implement vocational or specialised music learning for visually impaired students. The qualitative data show that vocational music education requires teachers with at least two years' experience and knowledge of music and the music industry, as well as several strategies for teaching visually impaired students in vocational music programmes that are directed towards self-determination in preparation for possible future careers.

The exploration of users’ perceived value from personalization and virtual conversational agents to enable a smart home assemblage– A mixed method approach

Advancements in smart home technologies are beneficial and valuable for both users and firms. Nevertheless, users’ acceptance of these applications are considerably influenced by the need for user personalization, complex and dynamic within a smart home environment, and thus, can present limitations. Additionally, the role of a virtual conversational agent, both as an individual entity and as part of a collective network, in the setup and management of various smart home devices warrants further exploration. To investigate the enablers and inhibitors of smart home adoption and the role of virtual conversational agents, a mixed-method design was employed, comprising two studies: a survey of 1403 users (Study 1) and a topic modeling approach based on 355,340 Reddit posts (Study 2). The findings indicate that the usefulness of personalized applications and services, as well as the integration of a virtual conversational agent as a central component, are crucial in facilitating smart home adoption. The empirical analyses provide significant implications for research and practice by extending existing technology acceptance and use models to include smart device assemblages.

Essential Competencies for Oncology in Physical Therapist Professional Education Programs: Results of a Mixed Methods Modified Delphi Study.

The objective was to establish consensus-based competencies for oncology within physical therapist professional education programs in the United States. A mixed-methods approach implementing a sequential exploratory design that included 3 phases was used to establish oncology competencies for physical therapist professional education programs. Participants in each phase were physical therapists representing diverse practice settings, experience levels, and geographical regions. Student physical therapists were included in phases 2 and 3. Three online focus groups were followed by an in-person group discussion to establish cancer-related themes, domains of practice, and competencies. Participants evaluated the competencies in a 3-round modified Delphi study for relevance and clarity. Each competency required 80% consensus using a Likert scale (1 = not at all relevant/clear, 5 = extremely relevant/clear). It was not accepted if a competency did not meet the 80% threshold by the end of round 3. Six domains of practice and 28 competencies were developed and evaluated. Within the 6 domains, 21 competencies were accepted: general cancer concepts (n = 4), musculoskeletal system (n = 3), neurologic system (n = 5), integumentary system (n = 2), cardiovascular and pulmonary system (n = 5), and involvement of multiple systems across the lifespan (n = 2). Along with the 21 competencies, participants also recommended 11 overarching oncology themes to incorporate into physical therapist professional education programs. Delivering cancer content using a body systems approach was recommended. As the number of survivors of cancer continues to grow, integration of these essential competencies within physical therapist professional education programs will improve the profession's capacity to provide quality care to meet the societal need of persons living with and beyond cancer. Academic and clinical educators should integrate these competencies to ensure that physical therapist professional education programs appropriately prepare physical therapists for providing care for persons living with and beyond cancer across the lifespan.

Considering personal needs in misdeeds: The role of compassion in shaping observer reactions to leader leniency.

Although punishment deters misconduct, protects employees from harm, and maintains cooperation in organizations, not all leaders punish-some are lenient. Employees keenly watch leaders' responses to misconduct. Leniency is often judged as unfair because it violates moral principles of justice, motivating observers to withhold support to leaders. Our research shifts the conversation to explain how moral consideration of offenders factors into the sensemaking of leaders' leniency that influences observer reactions. Perceptions of offender personal need (distress from the offender's personal life that is outside their control) raise observers' humanitarianism, which is reflected in compassion. Compassion elicited from offender personal need motivates observers to reduce the distress from the situation, lessening the unfairness of the leniency and punitive reactions to the leader. Three experiments demonstrated that leniency elicited unfairness that reduced support to leaders; observers' perceptions of offender personal need moderated the effects of leniency, reducing its unfairness and punitive reactions to leaders. In Studies 2 and 3, we found that compassion mediated the moderating effects of offender personal need. Only distress from personal need that is inflicted onto offenders (i.e., other-inflicted personal need), compared to distress from work performance need (Study 2) and self-inflicted personal need (Study 3), elicited compassion that lessened the unfairness of leniency. Study 3 also showed that self-inflicted personal need elicited contempt for the offender, which mediated the moderating effect of self-inflicted personal need, bolstering the unfairness of leniency and lessening support to lenient leaders. Implications to theory and practice are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of CVD: time to think about cardiovascular health rather than rehabilitation

AbstractDuring the past century, there have been major developments in the medical and surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These advancements have resulted in more people surviving initial events and having reduced length of stay in hospital; consequently, there is an increasing number of people in need of ongoing and lifelong cardiovascular risk management. The physical and emotional effects of living with CVD are ongoing with broad challenges ranging from the individual to system level. However, post-discharge care of people with coronary disease continues to follow a 50-year-old cardiac rehabilitation model which focuses on the sub-acute phase and is of a finite in duration. The aim of this paper is to consider the concept of supporting survivors to live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them and propose factors for consideration in reframing secondary prevention towards optimizing cardiovascular health. We discuss deeply-held potential considerations and challenges associated with the concept of supporting survivors achieve optimal cardiovascular health and live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them. We propose the concept of 5 x P’s for reframing traditional cardiac rehabilitation towards the concept of cardiovascular health for survivors beyond ‘rehabilitation’. These include the need for personalization, processes, patient-centered care, parlance, and partnership. Taken together, consideration of challenges at the systems and population level will ultimately improve engagement with secondary prevention as well as outcomes for all people who need it.

Navigating Ambiguity: Adapting and Validating the Personal Need for Structure Scale in Spanish.

The Personal Need for Structure (PNS) scale assesses individuals' tendency to seek out clarity and structured ways of understanding and interacting with their environment. The main aim of this study was to adapt the PNS scale to Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. There are two versions of the PNS scale being used, which vary in the number of dimensions (1 vs. 2), and in the number of items (12 vs. 11; because one version excludes Item 5). Therefore, an additional aim of this study was to compare the two existing versions of the PNS scale. This comparison aimed to address the debate regarding the inclusion of Item 5, and the number of dimensions that comprise the PNS scale. A sample of 735 individuals was collected. First, through an approach combining exploratory and confirmatory analyses, evidence was found in favor of the scale being composed of two related but distinguishable factors: Desire for Structure and Response to the Lack of Structure. Scores on these subscales showed acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Evidence supporting the invariance of the internal structure across sociodemographic variables such as gender and age was found. Validity evidence was also analyzed by examining the relationships with other relevant measures. The results indicated that Item 5 can be excluded without reducing scores validity or reliability, which supports preceding research in the literature. In conclusion, the PNS scale was satisfactorily adapted to and validated in Spanish and its use in this context is recommended.

On the Contradictions and Prospects of Education Development in the Era of Postcapitalism

The presented article is devoted to the study of key contradictions and prospects for the development of education in the era of postcapitalism. The genesis of postcapitalist protoformation and the corresponding mode of production is at the heart of the designated research problem. The text defines the main basic element of postcapitalism in the initial phase of its formation - creative labor and the creative potential of the individual, causing paradigmatic changes in the social structure and the change of the model of the mode of production. Taking into account the cognitive potential of K. Marx's formational approach, the qualitative characterization of postcapitalism as a protoformation, which combines elements of both capitalism and socialism within its boundaries, is given. The main contradictions of education in the phase of genesis of postcapitalist protoformation are revealed and substantially defined. It is argued that the key contradiction of education development is its pragmatization. In accordance with this process, the acquisition of fundamental knowledge is replaced by the assimilation of a set of exceptional competencies. It is substantiated that education becomes a basis and personal need, thus transforming the whole social structure, influencing the human resource potential of the individual. The results and conclusion reflect the conclusions of the study.

LAUGHTER AS A SYMPTOM OF MODERNITY: ANALYSIS OF DEMARCATIONALITY AND INTERPASSIVITY OF LAUGHTER

The author of the article aims to explore the functions and tasks of laughter in the context of modern life, as well as the difficulties that people face today, including stress and the search for identity. She proves this by refuting two common positions that exist in the academic space: 1) the understanding of laughter as a means of destroying hierarchy or as a transgressive force with the destructive potential to expose social ills; 2) the contagious nature of laughter. In the author's opinion, these positions are not able to describe and explain the phenomena taking place in the modern world. Instead of interpreting laughter as a transgression of social roles, the author proposes to understand it as a means of demarcation, that is, as an act that affirms social roles rather than destroys them. According to the author, through the act of laughter, a person demonstrates not only an understanding of the essence of a joke, but also support for the values embedded in it. Using the Lacanian notion of paroisse and the analysis of designated places for laughter, the author argues that agreement with implicit values in a joke makes it possible to identify with a certain group of people, as common values are one of the factors that unite individuals. The joke and the reaction to it with laughter become a way of communication, where the subject identifies himself in the act of laughter. The author concludes that modern people assert their identity through laughter. Using the example of contemporary comedy genres, the author demonstrates the emergence of a new interpassive function of laughter, which is opposed to its contagiousness. The interpassive nature of laughter has emerged due to the need of a modern person to replace their emotions. It can be seen as a symptom of the modern state of the subject, who is under constant stress. Due to the overloaded life, modern subject is forced to push emotions to the background. The culture of consumption and pleasure has become so widespread and accessible that the individual does not refuse certain ways of enjoyment, but transfers this function to other objects. The modern subject no longer has to take on the exhausting role of a laughing person, and thanks to the interpersonal nature of laughter, laughs and enjoys through the Other. The author concludes that such a transfer allows the modern person to feel that the action of laughter has been performed.

“I married because …”: Motivations to marry early among female spouses in child marriages in northern Ghana

Child marriage is practised in Ghana with a prevalence rate of 27.2 %. This high prevalence is due to how marriage is conceptualized and constructed in communities that practice child marriage. Though reasons for the practice of child marriage are well documented, empirical studies of the married adolescent girls’ reasons for marrying early in the Ghanaian context are scant. This study, therefore, sought to present experiential factors that influenced the early marriage of adolescent girls. Twenty-one married girls aged between 13 and 17 years were recruited from selected communities in the Northern region of Ghana using purposeful, convenient and snowball sampling techniques. Individual face-to-face in-depth interviews with a semi-structured interview guide were adopted for the collection of data. A generic inductive qualitative analysis method was used to analyse the accounts of their experiences. Three core themes emerged as reasons influencing participants’ decision to marry. Personal motivating factors focused on adolescent girls’ personal need for children, idleness, peer group comparison and love. Economically motivated reasons include poverty, the quest for a better life and enticement by men. Sociocultural reasons include teenage pregnancy, family pressure and societal views on marriage among others. Information on the motivations for marriage among adolescent girls may be relevant to policymakers and interventionists in developing measures and interventions that are tailored to the needs of individuals affected by the practice of child marriage.

Needs for rehabilitation in China: Estimates based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019.

As an essential part of health services, rehabilitation is of great significance to improve the health and quality of life of the whole population. Accelerating aging calls for a significant expansion of rehabilitation services in China, but rehabilitation needs remain unclear. We conducted the study to explore the rehabilitation needs in China and project the trend of rehabilitation needs from 2020 to 2034. The data of health conditions that might potentially benefit from rehabilitation were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends of the age-standardized rates. Projections of rehabilitation needs were made until 2034 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis (BAPC). Approximately 460 million persons (33.3% of the total population) need rehabilitation in China, contributing to 63 million years lived with disabilities (YLDs) in 2019. The number of prevalent cases increased from around 268 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257-282) million in 1990 to almost 460 (95% UI: 443-479) million in 2019, representing an increase of 71.3%. The highest contribution to the need for rehabilitation was musculoskeletal disorders with about 322 (95% UI: 302-343) million persons in seven aggregate disease and injury categories, and hearing loss with over 95 (95% UI: 84-107) million people among 25 health conditions. Based on the projection results, there will be almost 636 million people (45% of the total population) needing rehabilitation services in China by 2034, representing an increase of 38.3%. The rehabilitation needs of neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders are expected to increase significantly from 2019 to 2034, with increases of 102.3%, 88.8% and 73.2%, respectively. The need for rehabilitation in China substantially increased over the last 30years. It is predicted that over two in five people will require rehabilitation by 2034, thus suggesting the need to develop rehabilitation services that meet individuals' rehabilitation needs.

The importance of otorhinolaryngology in correcting rhinoplasties with adverse events

Introduction: Rhinoplasty is a complex intervention aimed at enhancing both nasal aesthetics and functionality. The literature underscores the occurrence of adverse events in this procedure, prompting the search for effective correction strategies. In this context, otorhinolaryngology plays a crucial role, with a fundamental need to comprehend the incidence and types of complications to improve clinical practices. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies addressing adverse events in rhinoplasties and the role of otorhinolaryngology in their correction. The consulted databases included PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Embase. Keywords such as "Rhinoplasty," "Otorhinolaryngology," "Adverse events," "Aesthetic outcomes," "Functional outcomes," "Nasal surgery," and "Complications in rhinoplasty" were combined using boolean operators "OR" and "AND." Results: The compiled results reveal a variety of adverse events in rhinoplasties, ranging from aesthetic complications to functional challenges. The analysis underscores the importance of a specialized otorhinolaryngological approach in minimizing these adverse events, emphasizing the need for treatment personalization to optimize outcomes. Conclusion: It is concluded that otorhinolaryngology plays an essential role in correcting adverse events in rhinoplasties. The systematic review highlights the complexity of these interventions, emphasizing the necessity of a multidisciplinary and specialized approach to achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. These findings support the significance of the otorhinolaryngologist's role in optimizing the quality of care provided to patients undergoing rhinoplasties.