Personal Motor Vehicle Research Articles

Factors influencing consumers’ purchase decisions regarding personal motor vehicle insurance in South Africa

Factors influencing consumers’ purchase decisions regarding personal motor vehicle insurance in South Africa

THE TURJAWALI UNIT'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE POLICE STATION OF PURWAKARTA'S EFFORT TO PREVENT TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

A high number of accidents in Purwakarta Regency can be traced back to the region's growing population and accompanying rise in traffic density, both of which are effects of the widespread availability of personal motor vehicles and the slow pace at which the region's transportation infrastructure has been able to catch up with that growth. Article 226 of Law 22 of 2009, which regulates traffic and transportation, includes provisions for preventing accidents. The investigation was carried out at the Purwakarta Police, and articles were published that were of a high quality. The articles focused on the measures undertaken by the Turjawali Traffic Unit of the Purwakarta Police to prevent the occurrence of vehicle accidents (Poles Purwakarta). According to research findings, the Purwakarta Police Department has taken three strategies to limiting the number of traffic-related deaths and injuries among young people: (1) premptive steps, such as implementing a national traffic safety program and a child-friendly police and law enforcement force; (2) preventive measures, like holding an annual traffic safety awareness event called Turjawali; and (3) repressive measures, like responding to accidents after they have already occurred.

Using personal cars for emergency transport of patients with life-threatening medical conditions: A pilot study

Personal motor vehicle usage is not typically associated with health benefits in any cost-benefit analysis of different modes of transport. In this study, we explored the usage of personal cars for emergency transport to a hospital or emergency department because of a life-threatening situation. The data for the study were gathered as a part of a larger traffic safety survey. The sample was representative of Finnish-speaking residents older than 15 years (N = 1025). Every seventh (14.2%) respondent reported that someone from their household had used a personal car to transport a person requiring urgent medical attention to a hospital or emergency department. The types of life-threatening situations and reasons for using a personal car in these instances were also reported. We discuss the implications for cost-benefit analyses of this transportation mode.

COVID-19 prevention, air pollution and transportation patterns in the absence of a lockdown

Recent studies demonstrate that air quality improved during the coronavirus pandemic due to the imposition of social lockdowns. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on air pollution in the two largest cities in Taiwan, which were not subject to economic or mobility restrictions. Using a difference-in-differences approach and real-time data on air quality and transportation, we estimate that anthropogenic air pollution from local sources increased during working days and decreased during non-working days during the COVID-19 pandemic. This led to a 3–7 percent increase in CO, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5. We demonstrate that the increase in air pollution resulted from a shift in preferred mode of travel away from public transportation and towards personal motor vehicles during working days. In particular, metro and shared bicycle usage decreased between 8 and 18 percent, on average, while automobile and scooter use increased between 11 and 21 percent during working days. Similar COVID-19 prevention behaviors in regions or countries emerging from lockdowns could likewise result in an increase in air pollution. Taking action to reduce the transmissibility of COVID-19 on metro cars, trains and buses could help policymakers limit the substitution of personal motor vehicles for public transit, and mitigate increases in air pollution when lifting mobility restrictions.

Changes in Commute Mode Attributed to COVID-19 Risk in Canadian National Survey Data

Transportation shifts in Canada precipitated by COVID-19 may persist into recovery. We examined commuters in a national survey (Canadian Perspectives Survey Series 3) and commute changes attributed to COVID-19 risk. We modeled associations of changing commute with pre-COVID-19 mode, adjusting for coarse socio-demographic covariates. We found that all out-of-home commute modes declined during COVID-19, with increases in telework. Commuting by public transit was most strongly associated with change in commute mode to avoid COVID-19 risk. Among pre-COVID-19 transit commuters, 18.2% continue to rely on transit, and personal motor vehicle use is more common (13.0%) than walking (3.4%) or cycling (2.9%).

The growing gap in pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates between the United States and the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, 1990–2018

ABSTRACT Using official national data for each country, this article calculates trends in walking and cycling fatalities per capita and per km in the USA, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. From 1990 to 2018, pedestrian fatalities per capita fell by 23% in the USA vs. 66%–80% in the other countries; cyclist fatalities per capita fell by 22% in the USA vs. 55%–68% in the other countries. In 2018, pedestrian fatality rates per km in the USA were 5–10 times higher than in the other four countries; cyclist fatality rates per km in the USA were 4–7 times higher. The gap in walking and cycling fatality rates between the USA and the other countries increased over the entire 28-year period, but especially from 2010 to 2018. Over that 8-year period, per-capita fatality rates in the USA rose by 19% for pedestrians and 11% for cyclists; per-km fatality rates rose by 17% for pedestrians and 33% for cyclists. By comparison, fatality rates either fell or remained stable in the four European countries. We reviewed the relevant literature to identify factors that might help explain the much lower walking and cycling fatality rates in Europe compared to the USA. Possible explanatory factors include better walking and cycling infrastructure; lower urban speed limits; fewer vehicle km travelled; smaller and less powerful personal motor vehicles; and better traffic training, testing, and enforcement of traffic regulations. We recommend that the USA consider implementing an integrated package of mutually reinforcing safety measures such as those that have been successfully implemented in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany to reduce pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates.

Alternative transportation education: implementing an innovative module

Purpose This study aims to investigate the Colorado state university (CSU) MOVES online, transportation module, which was implemented for the dual purpose of promoting alternative modes of transportation and while providing students with the information and skills necessary to comfortably and safely commute on and around campus without a personal motor vehicle. Design/methodology/approach This mixed methods research tests the effect of the CSU MOVES transportation module on students’ familiarity, comfortability and knowledgeability, the researchers investigate within- and across-group changes in student survey responses over time. Findings The educational transportation module had an immediate and significant impact on the students’ familiarity, comfortability and knowledgeability regarding alternative and active transportation methods and this effect lasted over the semester. In addition, participating students experienced much larger gains in their knowledgeability of safe active transportation practices. Research limitations/implications The CSU MOVES survey data was limited in multiple ways, including self-selection into participation and completion of the transportation module, as well as the small sample size and lack of an authentic control group. Originality/value Universities and colleges across the country are becoming critically aware of issues surrounding transportation on and around campus and CSU is one of the first universities to join together with the local community to implement a transportation education module. Transportation initiatives have been motivated by multiple factors such as the supply of and demand for parking on and around campuses, sustainability efforts to reduce carbon emissions associated with university operations and the promotion of student health through active lifestyle practices.

Sports and Driving With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

Many patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) want to participate in sports and many need or wish to operate a personal motor vehicle. Healthcare providers need to advise patients regarding restrictions related to these activities in the context of the clinical indication for the ICD. Ethical considerations need to be considered when advising ICD patients of restrictions to reduce risk of injury to themselves and to others when participating in either sports or driving. Shared decision-making is necessary to have ICD patients understand and comply with recommended restrictions. Guidelines have been developed based on available studies; however, studies assessing the need for ICD patients to restrict these activities are observational and often out of date. More recent studies challenge driving and sports restrictions that are recommended by the guidelines. Recommendations to ICD patients must be individualized yet be compliant with the guidelines, and need to adapt to changes in a patients' condition.

Proposal for Increase of Burglar Resistance of Commercially Manufactured Motor Vehicle Doors

In many cases the level of personal protection especially during transportation by personal motor vehicles is dependent on burglar resistance of used car body materials. Currently commercially manufactured personal motor vehicles are modified by insertion offiller materials of high density (steel plates inserted into doors, steel reinforcements of vehicle floors). This approach causes not only increase in financial costs for procurement of such modified (armoured) vehicle, but also changes its driving characteristics. Particularly its financial cost affects its accessibility to wide public. Several cases of use of small firearms against the occupants of commercially manufactured personal motor vehicles have been investigated in recent years. The results of such attacks were casualties or grievous bodily harm. Considered materials were experimentally tested for the purpose of increasing burglar resistance mainly of commercially manufactured motor vehicle doors and increase of their burglar resistance against shots from small firearms. The result of experiments that were carried out was the recommendation for reinforcement of car body doors of personal motor vehicles using molten polycarbonate materials. The thickness of 24 mm resulted in such increase of door burglar resistance that used small firearm ammunition could not penetrate this barrier.

The Morality of Motorcycling

Personal motor vehicle use is a common, yet dangerous, practice. While using a motor vehicle one poses himself and others to risk. If it is immoral to pose unnecessary risk to others, it is immoral to drive a car when an alternative is readily available. In this paper I claim that there is a morally better, readily available, alternative to driving a car alone: using a motorcycle. While this claim might sound dubious at first, I will show why it is sound and stands against all kinds of objections. I believe most people should switch from cars to motorcycles as their primary means of transportation, and governments should adopt policies to help people make this switch.

Consensus statements on the assessment of older drivers.

BackgroundThe rapidly increasing number of older drivers is accentuating the challenges in concurrently identifying older drivers posing an unacceptable risk if they continue to drive, while not discriminating against those capable of safely driving. Attendees of an invitational meeting about the assessment of older drivers were asked to participate in a modified Delphi process designed to develop consensus statements on the assessment of older drivers.MethodsForty-one non-student symposium attendees were invited to participate in two rounds of a survey, in which they were asked to indicate their level of agreement (or disagreement) on a five-point Likert scale to a series of statements about the assessment of older drivers. Consensus was defined as 80% + of respondents either agreeing or disagreeing with a statement.ResultsMore than one-half (n = 23) completed the first round of the survey and 12 participated in the second. There was consensus on the need for a modifiable, fair, rational, and widely accessible multi-step approach to the assessment of older drivers. This would require the engagement and support of physicians and other health-care practitioners in identifying and reporting medically at-risk drivers of any age. At a societal level, alternatives to driving a personal motor vehicle should be developed.ConclusionsAn on-going dialogue about this complex issue is required. Decisions should be based on explicitly stated principles and informed by the best available evidence.

Online Grid-Based Dynamic Arrival Time Prediction Using GPS Locations

Transportation modes are aplenty in today's urban environment. Commuters use public transport such as buses, trains, taxis, personal motor vehicles, walking, bicycles, etc. to travel between places. One of the major concerns for the people who rely on public transportation is the unavailability or inaccuracy of systems that predict the estimated arrival time or the schedule based on the current location of vehicles and the traffic situation. With the advent of technology, a large set of urban transportation operators have begun to use location reporting systems such as GPS devices on-board their fleet, with the primary purpose of monitoring and managing their fleet. This paper describes methods for predicting the arrival time taking advantage of the location reports from such devices. The system pipeline developed is based on a complex event processing engine within which an algorithm is implemented to continuously predict in real-time the estimated arrival time in an online fashion. The developed system in first phase is evaluated using a vehicle simulator that generates vehicle trajectories along real public transportation routes.

History and IS – Broadening Our View and Understanding: Actor–Network Theory as a Methodology

The call for historical research In IS, mirrored In other fields of business studies, Is an explicit recognition of the predominance of presentism in business research; the use of the past only to justify and validate current beliefs or inserting modern beliefs onto the past, rather than using the past to understand and reveal current assumptions and biases. There is freedom in severing time and centering ourselves and our artifacts (computer technology), looking to improve the future unburdened by the past. Yet, if that assumption is wrong, and the present is instead fluid and unstable because the past embedded in the present is tension filled and unresolved, this raises fundamental challenges to the work that we do, the value of that work to others, and is cause for reflection on our impact as educators. This paper demonstrates the merits of using Actor-Network Theory as a methodology for historical IS research, through its use in a Canadian case study. The study was prompted by the apparent resolution of a privacy controversy, involving personal motor vehicle registration information in the province of Alberta, through an appeal to something called ‘historical purposes and practices.’ Strangely, the purposes and practices were never identified. This begged the question, ‘what was the substance of this argument and how come it was successful?’ Tracing actual ‘purposes and practices,’ from the early 1900s to the present, reveals how historical, contextual understanding offers not only insights into, but can alter our very understanding of, the present.

G150012 パーソナルモータビークルの機構1と制御則の開発([G15001]ロボティクス・メカトロニクス部門一般セッシヨン)

G150012 パーソナルモータビークルの機構1と制御則の開発([G15001]ロボティクス・メカトロニクス部門一般セッシヨン)

Costly myths: An analysis of idling beliefs and behavior in personal motor vehicles

Despite the large contribution of individuals and households to climate change, little has been done in the US to reduce the CO 2 emissions attributable to this sector. Motor vehicle idling among individual private citizens is one behavior that may be amenable to large-scale policy interventions. Currently, little data are available to quantify the potential reductions in emissions that could be realized by successful policy interventions. In addition, little is known about the motivations and beliefs that underlie idling. In the fall of 2007, 1300 drivers in the US were surveyed to assess typical idling practices, beliefs and motivations. Results indicate that the average individual idled for over 16 min a day and believed that a vehicle can be idled for at least 3.6 min before it is better to turn it off. Those who held inaccurate beliefs idled, on average, over 1 min longer than the remainder of the sample. These data suggest that idling accounts for over 93 MMt of CO 2 and 10.6 billion gallons (40.1 billion liters) of gasoline a year, equaling 1.6% of all US emissions. Much of this idling is unnecessary and economically disadvantageous to drivers. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Toward Sustainable Mobility in Urban India

With rapid growth in the number of personal motor vehicles, Indian cities have been facing increasing congestion and worsening air quality. Yet until early 2005 little attention was paid to this problem, and remedial measures were focused largely on overpasses and new roadway capacity. Only Delhi, Calcutta, and Chennai had built functioning metro rail systems. However, by the second half of 2006, barely a year and a half later, the situation changed considerably, and public transport became the focus of attention in most large and medium-sized cities. This paper looks at the national initiatives that helped bring about those changes. The adoption of a national urban transport policy along with the launching of a national urban renewal mission with a sizable commitment of funds helped focus attention on improving public transportation. These were supplemented by a series of well-conceived and -planned initiatives, again led by the national government, to generate more widespread awareness of urban mobility problems and how they could be successfully addressed. The results were visible in a mere 18 months, by which time several cities had already formulated plans for significantly improved public transport and the first incremental phase of what will be India's first bus rapid transit system had become operational.

An analysis of public bus transit performance in Indian cities

Maintaining and enhancing public transit service in Indian cities is important, to meet rapidly growing mass mobility needs, and curb personal motor vehicle activity and its impacts at low cost. Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport, and are likely to continue to do so for years. However, the public bus transit service is inadequate, and unaffordable for the urban poor. The paper explores the factors that contribute to and affect efforts to improve this situation, based on an analysis of the financial and operational performance of the public bus transit service in the four metropolitan centres and four secondary cities during the 1990s. Overall, there were persistent losses, owing to increasing input costs and declining productivity. The losses occurred despite rapidly increasing fares, and ridership declined. The situation, and the ability to address it, is worse in the secondary cities than the metropolitan centres. We suggest a disaggregated approach based on the needs and motivations of different groups in relation to public transit, along with improved operating conditions and policies to internalize costs of personal motor vehicle use, to address the challenge of providing financially viable and affordable public bus transit service.

Vehicles and Crashes

The author examines the moral issues that arise from the use of personal motor vehicles in the United States. Included in the essay are: categories of vehicles that tend to exhibit high rates of crash incompatibility; failure of owners of vehicles with a high degree of crash incompatibility to internalize the costs of accidents; and regulation of the automobile industry. Language: en

Growth in motor vehicle ownership and use: evidence from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey

The size, composition, and use of the nation's household vehicle fleet are subjects of major interest to analysts and policymakers concerned with the economic motivations and environmental consequences of travel. The 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), together with similar surveys conducted in 1969, 1977, 1983, and 1990, reveals important insights into the changing patterns of household motor vehicle ownership and use, as well as the underlying behavior that produces them. This paper uses information from the NPTS to address three related subjects: 1) growth in personal motor vehicle travel and its sources; 2) changes in the number, types, and age distribution of household motor vehicles; and 3) the determinants of households' vehicle utilization patterns and demands for private motor vehicle travel. The results presented can be useful to transportation professionals seeking to understand the patterns and determinants of motor vehicle travel, as well as to planners and policymakers in their efforts to design and implement strategies that reduce the environmental consequences of growing motor vehicle use.