Hygiene Research Articles

COVID-19: Sociodemographic determinants of selected mental health problems among adults in South-South Nigeria

During the outbreak of highly infectious COVID-19, the Nigerian Ministry of Health primarily emphasized preventive strategies such as personal hygiene, social distancing, and self-isolation. However, there was a notable lack of information addressing mental well-being and coping mechanisms from both the Nigerian government and other relevant agencies. Notably, social distancing and self-isolation are well-documented triggers for mental health problems. Our study aimed to identify the socio-demographic correlates of mental health problems among adults in South-South Nigeria during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. This cross-sectional descriptive survey involved 1240 respondents from this region who completed online questionnaires designed using the Kobo Toolbox. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic information and included standardized assessments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), anger disorder, and depression disorder. Specifically, the GAD-7 assessed GAD, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 assessed anger disorder, and the beck depression inventory assessed depression disorder. Our results revealed that 37% of respondents experienced mild depression, 29% reported mild anxiety, and 27% experienced minimal anger. Significant associations were found between depression and factors such as marital status, age, and education level (p < 0.001). Similarly, anger expression was significantly associated with family size, monthly income, age, and marital status (p < 0.001). Anxiety also exhibited significant associations with sociodemographic characteristics (p < 0.001) in the study. In conclusion, our study highlights that sex, educational level, income, and marital status are important sociodemographic determinants of mental health outcomes.

Personal Hygiene Practices of Badjaos in Surigao City, Philippines

This descriptive-quantitative study assessed the personal hygiene practices among the Sama Badjaos in Surigao City. The main instruments used to gather the data were researcher-made questionnaires. The study respondents were 68 Badjao respondents of P-1, Barangay Canlanipa, Surigao City, whose ages are 16 years old and above. This research utilized a descriptive quantitative research design, employing survey techniques and researcher-made questionnaires as the primary methodological approach. The design aimed to gather data through surveys in order to explore and analyze the phenomenon under investigation. The findings showed that there were significant differences in different categories of personal hygiene practices when the respondents were grouped according to their age, sex, and educational attainment. The study’s findings highlighted a significant degree of variance in the respondents’ hygiene practices with respect to the profile variables including bathing, oral and hand hygiene, clothing, and more. The study recommended sharing these findings with health organizations to disseminate information within the Badjao community via health education programs. Furthermore, presenting the findings to local officials and parents was suggested to improve hygiene practices. Lastly, based on the findings, future researchers were advised to address gaps by using visual aids and achieving a balanced respondent distribution.

Beraksi (Washing Hand, Care Health, Safe from Infection): Health Education to Increase Knowledge of Personal ahygine and Handwashing

Health issues such as diarrhea or worm infections are related to personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness. One contributing factor is handwashing habits. Handwashing is a crucial component of personal hygiene because the consequences of not washing hands can lead to health problems related to the digestive system (diarrhea, worm infections, hepatitis, typhoid, etc.). The objective of this health education is to assess its influence on the knowledge of personal hygiene and handwashing practices among elementary school children at SD Mekasari Sayang in Sumedang district. The implementation method of health education involves using video and poster presentations, lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and simulations with 25 first-grade students of SDN Mekarsari conducted directly. Data analysis utilizes pre-post test design with Wilcoxon statistical testing to identify the significance of differences before and after the health education intervention. The results of the activity demonstrate differences in knowledge and handwashing practices before and after health education using film, posters, discussion, simulation, and demonstration methods (p-value < 0.05). The conclusion drawn from this health education is an improvement in students' knowledge and practices after the intervention. It is hoped that students' awareness and habits regarding personal hygiene behavior will increase, thereby preventing various health problems (diseases) that may arise. Keywords: Personal Hygiene, health education, handwashing, elementary school students.

The olfactory diary: Tracking awareness and consciousness of the sense of smell throughout the day.

The aim of the present study was to follow the daily course of patients with olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls and to assess (i) how many times a day, (ii) at which time, and (iii) in which aspect of daily life participants are conscious about their sense of smell. In this longitudinal study, 49 patients with smell loss and 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks. All participants received paper diaries designed for a 14-day period, featuring 12 rows representing 12 daily hours and six columns for various daily life aspects. They were instructed to mark their awareness of smell by indicating the relevant row and column in the diary. Following the return of the diaries, a second olfactory test was conducted within the patient group. On average, patients were consciously aware of their sense of smell around 8 times daily, while healthy participants noted it about 6.5 times a day. Both groups primarily focused on their sense of smell during activities related to "eating," followed by considerations in "social life" and "personal hygiene." Interestingly, distinct patterns emerged: patients peaked in awareness at 8 a.m. and 7 p.m., whereas healthy individuals showed peaks at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., and 7 p.m. Despite regular diary use, we observed no improvement in patients' olfactory function or related quality of life. The olfactory diary is a valuable tool unveiling individual smell awareness patterns in patients with smell loss, aiding in counseling and patient management. 4.

Nutritional care practices for children from 6 to 24 months old by Cham ethnic mothers

Background: This study aims to explore the nutritional care practices for children from 6 to 24 months old by Cham ethnic mothers in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on Cham ethnic children aged from 6 to 24 months and their mothers living in Tan Chau town, An Giang province. Results: The rate of mothers practicing proper and sufficient prenatal care during pregnancy is 74.4%; the rate of mothers engaging in lighter work than before pregnancy is 64.2%; the rate of mothers eating more than before pregnancy is 72.2%; the rate of mothers taking iron supplements during pregnancy is high at 85%. Practices regarding the timing of weaning children are not good, with 36.8% of mothers weaning children at the wrong time. Practices for feeding children supplementary foods are relatively good: 90.7% of mothers feed their children at the right time, however, the rate of mothers providing children with a complete range of food groups is only 23.0%. Maternal care practices for sick children have many shortcomings, with 81.7% of mothers feeding children incorrectly when they have diarrhea, and only 38.4% of children receiving oral rehydration solution (ORS) when they have diarrhea. Personal hygiene practices of the mother and child care are not good, with 24.3% of mothers not properly performing hand hygiene for themselves and their children. Conclusions: We need to strengthen propaganda and consulting work for each group of subjects, especially the Cham ethnic people, on nutritional care practices for children from 6-24 months old.

Correlation between level of knowledge about dysmenorrhea with dysmenorrhea management behaviour in Sleman

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of development that begins with the maturity of the physical (sexual) organs so that later they are able to reproduce, including puberty in young women, namely menstruation. Most women feel pain during menstruation, even the presence of discomfort and even severe pain is what is often called menstrual pain dysmenorrhea. Knowledge and treatment of dysmenorrhea is needed by young girls, physical problems that may arise are a lack of personal hygiene (personal hygiene) so that it risks causing disease, therefore women also have a responsibility regarding personal hygiene to themselves. Preliminary study found that some female students did not know about dysmenorrhea. This study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about dysmenorrhea and behavior in handling dysmenorrhea in adolescents at school in Sleman. Methods: Analytical survey method with a cross sectional approach, taking samples by total sampling using a questionnaire. Results: The results of the research on the relationship between the level of knowledge of adolescent dysmenorrhea and the behavior of handling dysmenorrhea at school in Sleman. Paste lack of knowledge as many as 23 respondents (41.1%), The behavior of handling dysmenorrhea with the highest percentage is the behavior of handling dysmenorrhea with only 26 respondents (51%). Discussion, and Conclusion: The statistical test results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.426 so that it can be stated that there is a relationship between knowledge about dysmenorrhea and behavior in handling dysmenorrhea in young women at school in Sleman with a low closeness relationship. It is hoped that the school can provide facilities or facilities to increase young women's knowledge about dysmenorrhea by holding programs and being able to work with health facilities. 426 so that it can be stated that there is a relationship between knowledge about dysmenorrhea and the behavior of handling dysmenorrhea in young women at school in Sleman with a low closeness relationship. It is hoped that the school can provide facilities or facilities to increase young women's knowledge about dysmenorrhea by holding programs and being able to work with health facilities. 426 so that it can be stated that there is a relationship between knowledge about dysmenorrhea and the behavior of handling dysmenorrhea in young women at school in Sleman with a low closeness relationship. It is hoped that the school can provide facilities or facilities to increase young women's knowledge about dysmenorrhea by holding programs and being able to work with health facilities.

Personal Hygiene Training for Children with Intellectual Disability

This community service program activity is driven by a sense of responsibility to improve the personal hygiene abilities for children with intellectual disability. Limited intellectual abilities and adaptive behavior of mentally retarded children have an impact on the ability or skills in taking care, maintaining health and personal hygiene. Based on this phenomenon, there is a need with a qualified training both for children with intellectual disability and other adults such as parents and teachers. This activity is provided with the provision of knowledge and skills in the form of training for parents and teachers as well as for children themselves on how maintaining their personal health and hygiene. The result obtained from this activity is an increase in the knowledge of parentsand teachers on how to guide, maintain and improve the health of children with intellectual disability. Meanwhile, for children with intellectual disability gradually can make efforts in maintaining personal hygiene and health based on their own levels of ability.

Data collection on health care and its implications for child and adolescent development

This work arose from the need detected during a visit to the Basic Health Unit in the São João neighborhood in the municipality of Votuporanga/SP. Based on the information extracted, proposals were made for health promotion actions at school with high school students, the themes of which exposed the need for data collection in the area in question, which led to the development of this project. The transition from childhood to adolescence is an extremely important stage that requires special care, fundamental to the acquisition of autonomy and independence, essential for biopsychosocial development. Considering all the aspects mentioned, the importance of effective care and the strengthening of a comprehensive support and care network, involving various agents in a multidisciplinary way, is emphasized. Food is one of the main factors responsible for healthy growth and development during the transformations experienced by the individual. Another important aspect that influences an individual's development is a suitable environment that allows them to grow and develop without psychological limitations that hinder their integration into society. In addition, puberty is a phenomenon that generates physical and behavioural changes, which indicates the transition between childhood and adolescence, and can become precocious with the influence of various factors such as genetics, psychology, sexualization and diet. Results: Three meetings were held on different themes: Healthy eating, personal hygiene and puberty, with 72 children on alternate days and with different fun activities. The proposed objectives were successfully achieved, as the students' adherence to and understanding of the topics were satisfactory.

PREVALENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA FROM USED TOOTHBRUSHES OF STUDENTS RESIDING IN HALL I AND II UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

Used toothbrushes are reservoirs for varieties of bacteria that are implicated in human disease transmission. Personal oral hygiene and removal of plaque are important roles played by the use of toothbrushes in an act endorsed for oral hygiene resolution and ubiquitously practiced in developing and developed Nations. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence and susceptibility of bacteria present in used toothbrushes of students residing in Halls I and II, University of Benin. New toothbrushes ninety (90) were bought and forty-five (45) each were distributed to students in each hall of residence, these toothbrushes were used for one month and collected for bacteria analysis. Standard bacteriological procedures were observed for the analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 computer software package. Independent t-test was used to find the differences between the two variables. The value of p< 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Heavy bacteria contamination was associated with used toothbrushes while no bacteria contamination in the unused ones, which serves as a control. Klebsiella species 16 (35.53 %), and 19 (42.2 %) were more prevalent than coagulase-negative staphylococci species 2 (4.4 %) and 2(4.4 %) respectively from both halls. All the toothbrushes analyzed in this study had bacteria contaminates that are known to harm human health, contributing significantly to the spread of diseases, and increasing infection risks. Establishing a high aseptic protocol, storage, and management be encouraged in tertiary institution halls of residence as the incidence of these oral bacteria and individual health risks will be minimized.

How Does Personal Hygiene Influence Indoor Air Quality?

Humans are known to be a continuous and potent indoor source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, little is known about how personal hygiene, in terms of showering frequency, can influence these emissions and their impact on indoor air chemistry involving ozone. In this study, we characterized the VOC composition of the air in a controlled climate chamber (22.5 m3 with an air change rate at 3.2 h-1) occupied by four male volunteers on successive days under ozone-free (∼0 ppb) and ozone-present (37-40 ppb) conditions. The volunteers either showered the evening prior to the experiments or skipped showering for 24 and 48 h. Reduced shower frequency increased human emissions of gas-phase carboxylic acids, possibly originating from skin bacteria. With ozone present, increasing the number of no-shower days enhanced ozone-skin surface reactions, yielding higher levels of oxidation products. Wearing the same clothing over several days reduced the level of compounds generated from clothing-ozone reactions. When skin lotion was applied, the yield of the skin ozonolysis products decreased, while other compounds increased due to ozone reactions with lotion ingredients. These findings help determine the degree to which personal hygiene choices affect the indoor air composition and indoor air exposures.

#2805 The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal hygiene behaviours and the frequency of peritonitis in patients with peritoneal dialysis

Abstract Background and Aims Peritonitis is the most important complication encountered in patients with Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). It is very important to follow the rules of personal hygiene to prevent peritonitis. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) epidemic has led to the improvement of personal hygiene behaviours. In this study, we aimed to show the awareness created by the COVID-19 pandemic on personal hygiene behaviours in PD patients and to investigate the effect on the incidence of peritonitis. Method Fifty-two PD patients were included in our study. The personal hygiene behaviours of the patients were evaluated with a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The medical history, chronic diseases, height, weight and educational status of each patient were questioned. In addition, the averages of complete blood count and biochemical values of the patients before and after COVID-19 were noted and compared. The culture results of the patients who had peritonitis and the microorganisms grown were noted. Results Demographic characteristics of patients are summarized in Table 1. A significant difference was found in 11 personal hygiene behaviours, especially in the frequency of hand washing after the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). After the pandemic, there was a decrease in the rates of peritonitis, but no significant difference could be reached (22 (42.9%) vs. 7 (13.5%) peritonitis rates, p < 0.05). A decrease was also observed in gram (+) peritonitis case rates (Table 2). After the pandemic, the frequency of hand washing before attaching the transfer set (p = 0.014) and the frequency of daily/every other day dressing of the exit site (p = 0.026) were found to be higher in those who did not have peritonitis. Conclusion Due to a significant improvement in personal hygiene behaviours after the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in the rates of peritonitis and infection with gram (+) microorganisms was observed. In our study, it has been shown that the frequency of hand washing before attaching the transfer set and daily/every other day dressing of the exit site reduce the risk of peritonitis. Trainings for improving personal hygiene behaviours in PD patients should be expanded.

Exploring the Interplay of Food Security, Safety, and Psychological Wellness in the COVID-19 Era: Managing Strategies for Resilience and Adaptation.

The global population surge presents a dual challenge and opportunity in the realms of food consumption, safety, and mental well-being. This necessitates a projected 70% increase in food production to meet growing demands. Amid this backdrop, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates these issues, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between food consumption patterns and mental health dynamics during this crisis. Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 hinges upon rigorous adherence to personal hygiene practices and heightened disease awareness. Furthermore, maintaining stringent food quality and safety standards across both public and private sectors is imperative for safeguarding public health and containing viral transmission. Drawing upon existing research, this study delves into the pandemic's impact on mental health, food consumption habits, and food safety protocols. Through a comprehensive analysis, it aims to elucidate the nuanced relationship among food, food safety, and mental well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting synergistic effects and dynamics that underpin holistic human welfare. Our study offers a novel approach by integrating psychological wellness with food security and safety. In conceiving this review, we aimed to comprehensively explore the intricate interplay among food security, safety, and psychological wellness amid the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our review is structured to encompass a thorough examination of existing research, synthesizing insights into the multifaceted relationships among food consumption patterns, mental health dynamics, and food safety protocols during the crisis. Our findings provide valuable insights and practical recommendations for enhancing food security and psychological well-being, thus supporting both academic research and real-world applications in crisis management and policy development.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Scabies: Observational Study in Nurul Ilmi Darunnajah 14 Islamic Boarding School Students in Serang, Banten, Indonesia

Scabies is a contagious skin condition triggered by Sarcoptes scabiei varietas hominis. It is prevalent globally, particularly in tropical regions with low economic resources. The condition is commonly observed in densely populated environments characterized by close physical contact, such as Islamic boarding schools. This cross-sectional research was conducted in December 2023 at the Nurul Ilmi Darunnajah 14 Islamic Boarding School. This research involved 120 students who met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire contains informed consent, personal identity, 15 questions to assess the level of personal hygiene, 15 questions to assess the respondent's level of knowledge, 8 statements, and 2 inspection points related to scabies diagnostic criteria. The data obtained will then be analyzed and researched according to the diagnostic criteria of the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of scabies consensus criteria for the diagnosis of scabies. The prevalence of scabies in this Islamic boarding school is 22.5% (27/120), with the risk factor for scabies being the level of personal hygiene, which includes individual cleanliness, environmental cleanliness, direct contact, ventilation, and humidity of the bedroom.

Food safety knowledge, hygiene practices among food handlers, and microbiological quality of animal side dishes in contract catering

Food poisoning is a major concern in catering services in Indonesia, with multiple outbreaks being reported in factories and offices. This study aimed to assess the level of food safety knowledge, personal hygiene practices, and microbiological quality of chicken and egg dishes at three catering companies in the Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia, which provide mass catering for workers. From March to July 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaires, observation checklists, and microbiological tests to measure the parameters of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pearson and Rank-Spearman correlation tests, as well as independent sample t-tests, were used for statistical analysis. The study revealed that 75% of the subjects had limited knowledge of food safety, with only 5% having a good understanding. Furthermore, 95% of the subjects had not received any food safety training, resulting in poor hygiene practices among the food handlers. Although there was no significant correlation between food safety knowledge and hygiene practices (p>0.05), certain practices, such as appearance and hand washing, were significantly correlated with age. Employment duration was negatively correlated with food safety knowledge (p=0.027; r=-0.494). While chicken samples were free from E. coli and S. aureus, one egg sample was found to be contaminated with E. coli. The research emphasizes the significance of providing frequent food safety training to food handlers, ideally every year. Additionally, it recommends conducting larger sample studies and collaborating with government agencies for future research.

Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023

Background: Hands are the major source of contamination, which can never be totally free of microorganisms, especially bacteria. Food can become contaminated by dirty hands if there is a lack of proper hygiene among the food handlers when handling food. Human hands are in regular contact with the surrounding environment, and a variety of pathogens can reach the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals of humans through the hands and consequently contribute to foodborne illness outbreaks. Objective: This study assessed bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in catering establishments in Hossana Town, South Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among food handlers at catering establishments in Hosanna town, Hadiya zone, South Ethiopia, from March 2023 to May 2023. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to allocate study participants into their catering establishment, and then a random sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. After getting signed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and potential risk factors. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package, and descriptive statistics were used to describe variables. Chi-square was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%), and among the identified bacterial isolates, 10/156 (6.4%) were Staphylococcus aurous, followed by Escherichia coli (5/156 (3.2%)), and 3/156 (1.9%) were Salmonella typhi. The isolated pathogens had associations with those who were not trained in food preparation and handling, those who had no clean nails observed, poor hand washing after sneezing, poor hand washing after touching waste, and those who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) (p < 0.001). The finding implies the need for strengthening the personal hygiene and redressal training of food handlers on personal hygiene guidelines to improve practice during food processing

La evolución prospectiva de las redes sociales desde la perspectiva de la neurofenomenología

The purpose of the present article is to identify neurophenomenological aspects that influence the future development of social networks and to develop a corresponding concept of regulatory policy. The following methods are used in the article: collection and analysis of information, modeling of a conditional social network, systematization and separation of neurophenomenological factors, determination of functional dependencies, development of analytical conclusions and proposals. It was established that instigators and a favorable environment of social networks form prerequisites for the spread of negative information campaigns (conditional attacks). At the same time, it is mathematically proven that with minimal development of resistance to information attacks among users of social media platforms, the potential for stabilizing the information environment of social networks and promoting sustainable advancement of natural society was determined. Based on the research results, it was determined that fostering critical thinking skills, maintaining information stability, and practicing sound personal digital hygiene among users are key factors in upholding the overall stability of social networks. Additionally, these practices promote sustainable development of a psychologically healthy community. Additional investigations are focused on elaborating the notion of regulatory policy to facilitate the prospective advancement of social networks.

Differential Diagnosis, Prevention Measures, and Therapeutic Interventions for Enhanced Monkeypox (Mpox) Care.

Monkeypox (Mpox) is a rare viral disease that presents considerable challenges in healthcare settings, necessitating enhanced nursing care for effective management. This review thoroughly explores key aspects related to improving nursing care for Mpox. It commences by examining the background information on Mpox, encompassing its etiology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission. The differential diagnosis of Mpox is investigated, elucidating its clinical presentation, symptoms, and diagnostic methods to differentiate it from similar conditions. Prevention and control measures at both the public health and healthcare levels are scrutinized, including surveillance and reporting, contact tracing, isolation, and vaccination programs. In healthcare settings, infection prevention and control strategies, such as proper utilization of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and environmental management, are discussed. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions for Mpox, including symptomatic management, antiviral therapy, and supportive care, are outlined, with a specific emphasis on pain management, fever control, and psychosocial support. Nursing care strategies encompass patient assessment and monitoring, infection prevention strategies, psychosocial support, and patient education. The challenges encountered in enhancing nursing care for Mpox are acknowledged, along with research gaps and areas for further investigation. Finally, innovations in nursing practice for improved care, such as technology integration and simulation-based training, are explored. Enhancing nursing care in Mpox is crucial for positive patient outcomes, reducing transmission risks, and promoting overall well-being. By addressing the unique challenges, conducting further research, and embracing innovative practices, healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, can provide optimal care and contribute to better management of Mpox cases.

STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN SHATRAH DISTRICT / THI-QAR PROVINCE - SOUTH OF IRAQ

The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children from newborns to ten years of age in different areas affiliated with the Shatra district in Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq, as these areas suffer from poor health and living services in addition to a lack of awareness and interest in personal and health hygiene. The study was designed by taking 100 A random sample from different areas. The results were 25% of healthy children, while 75% were infected. The widespread infections were with the parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. The results confirmed that most of the infected children were between two and four years of age, in addition to the fact that the most common infections were the combined infections of the Entamoeba parasite and Giardia for the same infected people, with a very high rate of up to 56%, while the infection of children with the Entamoeba parasite alone was 18.7% and Giardia alone was 25.3% in addition. The percentage of females is 65% while the percentage of males is 35% in parasitic infections and The infection rate in the countryside was higher than the infection rate in cities, as the infection rate in the countryside was (55%) and in the cities (45%).

The Relationship Between Islamic Hygiene Practices in Children With TheIncidence of Soil Transmitted Helminth in Makassar

Objective: Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) is a helminthic infectious disease whose mode of transmission is through the soil. Personal hygiene or individual hygiene can be interpreted as a person's efforts to maintain their personal hygiene. The better the parenting style carried out by the parents, the less likely the child will be infected, and vice versa. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between parenting styles according to an Islamic perspective in building children's personal hygiene with the incidence of STH infection. Methods: The research used analytical research, with a cross-sectional study design. The data collection technique is by filling out questionnaires and examining the feces samples. And using Fisher's Exact Test analysis Result: Based on the research, the forty-three samples where thirty-three children were infected with worms, which accounts for 76.7% of the total. Meanwhile, ten children were not infected with worms, making up 23.3% of the sample. When considering age characteristics, it was found that 5-year-olds were the most affected by worm infections, with a percentage of 46.5%. Among the children, 39.5% of girls were infected with worms, while 37.2% of boys had worm infections. From 43 samples in this study, there was a relationship between the habit of ablution with the incidence of helminthiasis (p: 0.027), there was a relationship between hand and foot hygiene and the incidence of worms where (p:0.020), there was a relationship between eating habits with the incidence of worms where (p: 0.034). In this study, there was no significant relationship between cleanliness of skin and clothing with the incidence of worms (p: 0.613), bowel habits and nail hygiene with the incidence of worms (p: 0.226), and oral hygiene with the incidence of worms where (p:0.145). Conclusion: There is a relationship between parenting according to an Islamic perspective in building children's personal hygiene with the incidence of STH.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2024 Page: S63

Socio-Economic and Environmental Outcomes of Street Food Vending and its Sustainability in Selected Urban Areas of Kenya

Street food (SF) vending is a common livelihood activity in many urban areas globally. It is driven by a lack of employment opportunities in the formal sector and by the demand for cheap ready-to-eat food by urban residents. However, the trade is perceived to have adverse impacts on the urban environment and hence authorities seek to eliminate it from urban spaces. The purpose of this study was to assess the sustainability of SF vending in Bungoma, Kakamega and Busia urban areas in Western Kenya by examining its social, economic and environmental outcomes. The research design used was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Proportionate sampling and simple random sampling were used to select respondents in each urban area. The sample consisted of two hundred and twenty-four respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires, observation checklists and photography. The findings show that SF vending met the food security needs of residents and also provided employment opportunities. However, the earnings were too low to meet the needs of vendors and their employees. Despite the low income, the trade also provided revenue for the county governments through the payment of various levies. Although personal hygiene was relatively good, workplaces were strewn with litter and waste disposal was poorly done. In order for SF vending to be sustainable in the long run, SF vendors need to be empowered through stakeholder engagement to increase their earnings to a level where it can meet their needs. They also need to adopt environmentally friendly waste disposal methods.