Knowledge Of Personal Hygiene Research Articles

Factors influencing consumer choices and food safety awareness in street-vended foods: A case study of Meru town, Kenya

The consumption of street-vended foods is common in many developed and developing countries, including Kenya. This study investigated the food safety knowledge of street food consumers (SFCs) and the factors influencing their choices of street-vended foods in Meru town, Kenya. A total of 456 respondents were randomly selected from different streets in Meru town to participate in this study. Data collection was carried out through in-person interviews using pretested structured questionnaires. The results of the survey revealed that a significant proportion, 79.2% of the participants were consumers of street vended foods. In addition, the study found a gender disparity that 58.8% of respondents were male and most of them had a primary or secondary education levels, while the majority of the female respondents reported that they had obtained college education. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents were self-employed (48.7%) and earned between KES 10,000 (USD 74) and KES 20,000 (USD 148) per month. The study also found that the average weekly expenditure on street-vended foods was estimated at KES 694.25 (USD 5.14). There was a highly significant association between the income range of the SFCs and their education level (p < 0.001), age category (p < 0.001) and employment category (p < 0.001). Education level (p=0.0274) and age (p=0.0205) of the SFCs were significant factors in predicting the personal hygiene knowledge scores of the SFCs. About 31.6% of consumers reported being sick once or twice a month after eating street foods. The study revealed that convenience, cost, quantity, hygiene and service were important factors considered by SFCs when purchasing street vended foods. The findings of this study offer valuable insights that can inform the development of appropriate strategies and policies aimed at promoting food safety awareness and ensuring the availability of safe and hygienic street-vended foods in Meru town, Kenya.

Knowledge and personal hygiene behavior during menstruation among adolescent girls in various regions: A literature review

Personal hygiene is still a public health issue in Indonesia. Menstrual hygiene is the management of hygiene and health when women experience menstruation as part of a personal hygiene care routine with the concept of clean. Personal hygiene during menstruation plays an important role in a person's health status in avoiding functional disorders of the reproductive organs. Knowledge in Indonesia states that poor personal hygiene behavior during menstruation of adolescent girls is a major concern because it has a health impact. The method used was literature review by searching articles through Google Scholar and Pubmed databases. Selection stages were carried out to obtain articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 6 articles were obtained that could be analyzed. The results showed that knowledge has a significant role in determining menstrual hygiene behavior in adolescent girls, there are also differences in knowledge and behavior when performing personal hygiene behavior during menstruation in urban and rural areas. To improve knowledge and behavior of personal hygiene during menstruation, especially in various regions, it can be done with various strategies such as promotion, education, collaboration, improving service quality, and increasing accessibility.

Beraksi (Washing Hand, Care Health, Safe from Infection): Health Education to Increase Knowledge of Personal ahygine and Handwashing

Health issues such as diarrhea or worm infections are related to personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness. One contributing factor is handwashing habits. Handwashing is a crucial component of personal hygiene because the consequences of not washing hands can lead to health problems related to the digestive system (diarrhea, worm infections, hepatitis, typhoid, etc.). The objective of this health education is to assess its influence on the knowledge of personal hygiene and handwashing practices among elementary school children at SD Mekasari Sayang in Sumedang district. The implementation method of health education involves using video and poster presentations, lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and simulations with 25 first-grade students of SDN Mekarsari conducted directly. Data analysis utilizes pre-post test design with Wilcoxon statistical testing to identify the significance of differences before and after the health education intervention. The results of the activity demonstrate differences in knowledge and handwashing practices before and after health education using film, posters, discussion, simulation, and demonstration methods (p-value < 0.05). The conclusion drawn from this health education is an improvement in students' knowledge and practices after the intervention. It is hoped that students' awareness and habits regarding personal hygiene behavior will increase, thereby preventing various health problems (diseases) that may arise. Keywords: Personal Hygiene, health education, handwashing, elementary school students.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN PERILAKU PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA ANAK DI PANTI REHABILITASI YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM

Personal hygiene behavior is behavior that is carried out by someone to maintain personal hygiene to avoid diseases, especially skin diseases. This behavior cannot be separated from the knowledge that an individual has to help carry it out. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and personal hygienic behavior in children at the Rehabilitation Center for Children in Conflict with the Law. A cross-sectional approach was used for this study, with a total of 60 participants. The results showed that respondents had good knowledge of personal hygiene, namely 29 people (48.3%), and good personal hygiene behavior, namely 29 people (48.3%). The Chi-square bivariate analysis showed a p-value of 0.360, more than the value of 0.05, which means that Ha is denied, so it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene behavior in children in rehabilitation institutions. The orphanages need to carry out strict monitoring and also support the fostered children regarding the importance of maintaining and caring for personal hygiene to avoid skin diseases so that it can generate motivation and enthusiasm for them to continue to routinely maintain personal hygiene.

Food safety and personal hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jordanian mothers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Background and Aim: Foodborne illnesses have shaken mothers' defense worldwide because poor knowledge and unsafe food handling practices can jeopardize their children. In Jordan, there are no reliable data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of mothers regarding food safety when the COVID-19 pandemic occurs. Therefore, this study evaluated Jordanian mothers' understanding, beliefs, and behaviors by examining their KAPs during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on food safety KAPs of mothers living in Jordan following the COVID-19 pandemic. A reliable and accurate survey with 55 questions was distributed among mothers through social media. A total of 376 mothers completed the questionnaire. Results: The results showed a remarkable awareness among the participants of how to keep food safe. However, there is still a significant gap in the implementation of this information in everyday life. This research emphasizes the need for focused interventions in the context of COVID-19 to bridge the gap between Jordanian mothers' KAPs on food safety and personal cleanliness. Conclusion: Efforts should be made, such as public health campaigns and educational programs, to empower mothers, guaranteeing a consistent and comprehensive approach to food safety and personal hygiene in families. These results provide important insights for policymakers and health professionals who want to improve public health initiatives and community resilience during public health crises. Keywords: food safety, foodborne illness, Jordan, knowledge, attitudes and practices, personal hygiene.

EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MAGIC SPINNING WHELL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE REMAJA PUTRI SMPN 1 SERIRIT

Maintaining the correct and adequate application of personal hygiene by teenagers can prevent infections and co-morbidities. The provision of health knowledge needs to be given through a media that is easy to understand and interesting, hence that teenagers are motivated to know, understand and accept the information given. One example is by using a colorful game media namely the magic spinning wheel. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of health education through the media of a magic spinning wheel on the personal hygiene knowledge of teenage girls at Junior High School 1 Seririt. This study employed a quantitative research design with the Pre-Experimental method through the One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test design. The sample recruited in this study was 89 teenage girls through probability sampling and simple random sampling. The data were analyzed through the Non-Parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test had a p-value of 0.000. The treatment in the form of health education through the media of a magic spinning wheel was proven to be effective on the personal hygiene knowledge of teenage girls at Junior High School 1 Seririt. Conclusion it is suggested that health workers and teachers could use the magic spinning wheel media as one of the health education methods for teenage girls at school, hence it would be more interesting and could foster curiosity among teenage girls about health information.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KİŞİSEL HİJYEN BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE SAĞLIK ALGI DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

The aim of this study was to determine the level of personal hygiene knowledge in university students and assess the level of health perception. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 946 students studying at a state university in Ankara. A questionnaire which included the Perception of Health Scale and questions to determine socio-demographic characteristics and level of personal hygiene knowledge of students was used to collect data. Data were collected by face-to-face survey method. The students ages ranged from 16 to 39 with years. Median score of the students obtained from the questions on personal hygiene knowledge and from the Perception of Health Scale was 24.0 (Min-Max= 0.0-30.0)and 48.5 (Min-Max=22.0-75.0), respectively. While the most accurately answered question on personal hygiene was “Hands should be washed with generous amounts of soap and water after using the toilet” (95%), the least accurately answered question was “It is beneficial to walk around barefoot at home” (37.2%). In this study, the level of personal hygiene knowledge was determined to be higher in students of medical faculty, women, non-smokers, non-drinkers and those who had previous information on personal hygiene before (p< 0.05).A weak positive relationship was determined between the level of personal hygiene level and health perception (r=0.397; p=0.001).It was determined in the study that the students had a good level of personal hygiene knowledge and medium level of health perception.

Sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of personal hygiene with anemia incidence in adolescent girls

Anemia is a serious global public health problem and affects the community especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of personal hygiene with anemia incidence in adolescent girls in Sirnagalih Village, Jonggol, Bogor Regency. The research method used was observational analytic using quantitative data with cross sectional design. Respondents of this study were 78 adolescent girls with purposive sampling technique and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected by test of hemoglobin levels and filling out a questionnaire with the google form. Based on the results of data analysis independent and dependent variables using the fisher exact test, age obtained p = 0,023, education obtained p = 0,058, knowledge of personal hygiene obtained p = 0,008, and practice of personal hygiene has p value = 0,045. The conclusion of this study, there is no relationship between education with anemia incidence. However, there is a relationship between variables of age, knowledge and practice of personal hygiene with anemia incidence in adolescent girls in Sirnagalih Village, Jonggol, Bogor Regency.

Knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices of food handlers related to food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit Province in Iraq

Background and Aim: Food safety and hygiene are global health concerns, particularly in underprivileged nations, due to the increased incidence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) and associated mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices toward food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit governorate, Iraq. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, researchers interviewed 130 food handlers to assess their knowledge, attitude, and hygiene regarding food safety in Al-Suwaira, Wasit governorate, Middle Eastern Iraq, from October 2022 to March 2023. The data regarding their age, sex, place of residence, education, employment history, marital status, and monthly income were collected through a questionnaire, as were details on their knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene habits about food safety. Results: Overall, most participants demonstrated poor knowledge of food hygiene and preservation but showed good knowledge of personal hygiene. Knowledge gaps were identified about the healthy ways to clean and use cooking utensils (35.38%), storage of food in the refrigerator (33.85%), and the possible exposure to foodborne pathogens when utensils are reused to cook vegetables and meat (12.31%). Nearly all participants in this study had positive attitudes toward food safety. Most participants (n = 100, 76.7%) agreed that separating raw and cooked food is the best way to avoid spreading germs. Moreover, 109 respondents (83.85%) agreed that washing hands before preparing food efficiently reduces the spread of FBDs. Furthermore, 117 participants (90%) disagreed that disposing of expired perishable foods is necessary, while 91.54% disagreed that monitoring meals for cleanliness and health is important. Our findings showed that 57.15% of the participants had low-to-intermediate competence in food safety procedures, such as avoiding cross-contamination, checking food temperatures, and washing hands thoroughly before and after handling food. Conclusion: The participants in this study exhibited poor compliance and awareness of food safety procedures and practices, respectively. Therefore, educational opportunities and training are necessary to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and cleanliness levels. Keywords: food handlers, food safety, Iraq, knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices, Wasit province.

EFEKTIVITAS METODE GESTURAL PROMPTS TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE SISWA TUNARUNGU DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA NEGERI PEMBINA MEDAN TAHUN 2020

Gesture prompts are physical movements of another person that are expected to produce the correct response to the subject. A deaf child takes longer to understand the lesson because he has physical and cognitive limitations. Based on the observations of researchers, there are still many deaf students at the Junior High School level who have not maintained personal hygiene as seen from long and black nails and do not wash their hands before eating. The aim of the research: to determine the effectiveness of the Gesture Prompts method on personal hygiene knowledge in deaf students at SLB Pembina Medan in 2020. This study used a quasi-experimental design. This study used the Gesture Prompts technique to increase students' personal hygiene knowledge. The population of this study were all students with hearing impairment as many as 33 students and all of them were used as samples. Based on the results of the T-Test, it is known that in the pre-test, the mean value = 9.52, while in the post-test, the mean = 15.34 with Z = -4.493 and p = 0.001. The Gesture Prompts method is effective in increasing knowledge of personal hygiene in deaf students. It is hoped that the teaching staff will improve health education about personal hygiene with the Prompting Gesture method as a learning method for deaf children.Keywords: gesture prompts; personal hygiene; deaf

The Relationship of Personal Hygiene Knowledge in the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies

Genital hygiene is an important part of a woman's health and important for protecting reproductive health. Women engage in many genital hygiene practices that have direct and indirect effects on the genitals and the potential for sexually transmitted infections. Every year, around 100 million women worldwide are affected by genital infections which can cause vaginitis, cervicitis, and urethritis, and trichomoniasis (Shah et al., 2019). Young women alone already have an estimated incidence of vaginitis of 10-25% (Tavani et al., 2015). This systematic literature review aims to present a systematic review of the relationship between personal hygiene in maintaining vulvar hygiene and leucorrhoea. The population is women of various age ranges. To present a systematic review of cross-sectinal approaches with 8 journals from 2016 to 2022. The results of the study (Prasanthi et al., 2017) for knowledge about vaginal discharge, 98.5% obtained <50% and only 8 (1.5% ) which has a score between 50% -75%. The conclusion of various cross-sectional studies has provided evidence that there is a lack of knowledge about personal hygiene for vaginal discharge among women of childbearing age. The findings of this study provide an insight that knowledge of personal hygiene on vaginal discharge in the productive age group must be increased and as health workers provide more information or education to women about vaginal discharge to improve their quality of life.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN KEJADIAN KEPUTIHAN

Vaginal discharge is fluid or secretions that come out of the vagina. Vaginal discharge can be physiological or normal, or pathological as a sign of a disease. According to Prabawati (2019) in Indonesia, 90% of women have experienced vaginal discharge, and most of them are experienced by adolescent girls. Therefore, this study aims to describe the level of personal hygiene knowledge on the incidence of vaginal discharge in grade X of adolescent girls at SMAN 4 Surabaya. The method used descriptive research, where the population is all adolescent girls grade X SMAN 4 Surabaya. The sampling technique was carried out by non-probability sampling with a saturated sample technique of 169 adolescent girls in class X. The variables in this study were the knowledge of adolescent girls about personal hygiene and the incidence of vaginal discharge obtained through questionnaires. Data analysis uses simple descriptive univariate analysis in the form of percentages. The results found that the majority of adolescent girls who experienced vaginal discharge had less knowledge about personal hygiene, namely, as many as 49 female students (85.96%) compared to adolescent girls who had good knowledge who experienced vaginal discharge, as many as 41 female students (60.29%). It can be concluded that there are still many class X girls at SMAN 4 Surabaya who experience vaginal discharge and have less knowledge about personal hygiene. To overcome this, many adolescent girls increase their knowledge about personal hygiene by providing counseling on clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in collaboration with educational institutions (schools).

Sytuacja epidemiczna i działalność portowych oddziałów kwarantanny na terenach obecnej południowej Ukrainy od XVIII do początku XX w.

The article aims to draw attention to the epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century and to analyze the activities of port quarantine departments of the Black and Azov Seas during this period. The research employs problem-chronological, comparative-historical, statistical and biographical methods. The analysis is based on the sources from the Regional Archives of the Mykolaiv Region and relevant scientific literature. The study reveals the condition of the epidemic-driven country in the period in question, the activities of quarantine departments at the ports of the Russian Empire, as well as how the state and local authorities fought the infections. Reading from archival sources, the author discusses the level of hygiene on military ships, the methods of fighting epidemics, and people’s reactions to quarantine, especially in the Mykolaiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century resulted from an imperfect policy of the Russian Empire - poorly-developed medical, social, and cultural spheres. It should be noted that during this period, infectious diseases often came to Ukrainian lands from the east. Their spread was facilitated by increased urban population, the movement of military contingents, water contamination by municipal and industrial waste, and insufficient knowledge of social and personal hygiene almost until the end of the 19th century. The main method of preventing epidemics was the introduction of quarantine. It meant full isolation of potentially dangerous ships arriving in port, inspecting them and supplying passengers and crew with quarantine measures.

The Prevalence of Pediculosis Capitis at Orphanages in Palembang City, South Sumatera (Indonesia)

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Pediculosis capitis is an endemic parasitosis affecting many countries of the world. A total of 5318 elementary schoolchildren, aged 8 –16 years, were examined for the presence of Pediculus capitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of head lice infestation in Palembang City. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional research design. This research was conducted at the Palembang City Orphanage.. This research took place from July to September 2021. The research population was taken from orphanage children in 16 orphanages from 12 sub-districts in the city of Palembang as many as 3.823 peoples. The sample of this research is 300 people. The sampling technique in this study was by random sampling. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis with chi-square test. The results of the research are the Prevalence of Pediculosis Capitis at Orphanages in Palembang City, South Sumatera (Indonesia) from 300 peoples found that the prevalence rate in urban areas (n=155) the highest number of sufferers was found in the Sako sub-district with 18 people (11.6%) and in rural areas (n=145) the number of sufferers was found in 2 research locations, namely in Indralaya 1 as many as 36 people (24.8%) and East Baturaja as many as 40 people (27.6%). Factors associated with Pediculosis Capitis at Orphanages in Palembang City, South Sumatra (Indonesia), namely such as children’s health care (p-value=0.046), use of tools together p-value=0.004), children living with parents (p-value= ≤ 0.001), past infestation of fleas (p-value=0.027), lighting conditions of residential space (p-value=0.005) , teacher health education in schools (p-value=0.007), using general items (p-value=≤ 0.001), room conditions per student (p-value=0.028), and number of hairbrushes per day (p-value=0.016). Based on these results, it is suggested to the orphanage to provide socialization or health education as a preventive measure for Pediculosis capitis in order to increase knowledge and quality of personal hygiene in the orphanage by changing the attitude of each individual, especially children.</em></p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, Hair lice infestation</em></strong></p>

Edukasi Personal Hygiene pada Remaja di Kelurahan Ampang

Personal hygiene becomes a quite crucial problem in adolescence and is related to the physical and hormonal changes during the transition period. Adolescents still need to gain adequate knowledge regarding the changes that occur and essential personal hygiene actions. As well as education is a necessary effort to increase adolescents' knowledge. These activities aimed to improve the adolescent's knowledge of personal hygiene to increase their health and hygiene. The method used structured group education among 31 adolescents in the Ampang district of Padang City. We used the knowledge of personal hygiene questionnaire in measuring knowledge through a pre and post-test. Data analysis was presented in descriptive statistics. The result showed an increased knowledge of personal hygiene; the total knowledge of personal hygiene before education was 14.45, and after education were 18.77. Education was effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge and understanding regarding personal hygiene. In addition, they can apply their hygiene in daily life. Continuing education can be carried out in groups and individually to improve the health and hygiene of adolescents to prevent various infections.

The Influence of Clean Water Source, Knowledge, Attitudes and Actions of Mother’s Personal Hygiene on the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers in Medan City 2023

Diarrhea is a health problem that globally contributes to the death rate of two billion children worldwide, WHO reports more than 525,000 cases in toddlers are caused by diarrhea. Riskesdas 2018 found that the prevalence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia was 73,188 cases. Medan City in 2020 had 4,561 cases of diarrhea and in 2021 there were 18,588 cases of diarrhea in toddlers. To analyze the effect of clean water source, knowledge, attitudes and actions of mother’s personal hygiene on diarrhea in toddlers. The type of this research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. Data analysis used multiple logistic regression tests with a sample of 120 mothers with toddlers aged 2-5 years. The variables that had an effect on were the mother's knowledge (p=0.042) and actions (p=0.019) of personal hygiene on the incidence of toddler diarrhea. Meanwhile clean water (p=0.362) and attitudes (p=0.115) had not effect on the incidence of toddler diarrhea. The variable that has the most influence on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Medan City is the mother's personal hygiene action which have the highest Exp.B value of 2,792. Knowledge and actions of mother’s personal hygiene had influence on the incidence of toddler diarrhea. Further action for officers to be able to carry out health promotion and education regarding basic sanitation and personal hygiene to mothers whose toddlers experience and do not experience.

Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Keputihan Pada Siswi Kelas XII Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Swasta Harapan Mekar Medan Tahun 2022

Adolescents should aware of leucorrhea symptoms. Continuous pathological vaginal discharge will disrupt the function of the female reproductive organs, especially in the ovarian tract, which can cause infertility. Women who lack knowledge and information about genital hygiene will also have an impact on their behavior in maintaining genital hygiene, because knowledge and good care behavior are determining factors in maintaining genital hygiene. This study aimed to determine and analyze the factors that influence leucorrhea in female students. This is quantitative and qualitative mixed methods research. The research was conducted at SMA Harapan Mekar Medan. The population was all class XII female students totaling 33 people. The sampling used was total sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test at 95% confidence level (?=0.05). The results showed that the factors influencing leucorrhea in class XII female students at the School were knowledge (p=0.005), attitude (p=0.016), behavior (p=0.005), and source of information (p=0.006) and there was no effect of the adolescent care health program on leucorrhea (p=1.000). The conclusion shows that knowledge of personal hygiene is the most dominant variable affecting leucorrhea in female students. It is suggested to the School to pay attention to facilities such as clean water sanitation and toilets and cooperate with the Health Center to organize health counseling and demonstrate how to take care of genital hygiene using a phantom of external reproductive organs so that students can directly practice genital hygiene actions

Examination of Knowledge and Perception of Personal and Environmental Hygiene in the Transmission of Communicable Diseases among Rural Dwellers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Examination of Knowledge and Perception of Personal and Environmental Hygiene in the Transmission of Communicable Diseases among Rural Dwellers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Food safety knowledge and handling practices among household food handlers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

A lack of food safety knowledge and practices can contribute to a higher risk of foodborne illnesses in households. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of food safety knowledge, and food handling practices among household food handlers (n = 984) in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a structured and validated questionnaire consisting of 26 questions divided into five subsections and 9 demographic questions. Chi-square (χ2), Manne-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to determine the relationship between food safety knowledge and handling practice with demographic characteristics. The respondent's overall pass rate on food safety knowledge was 17.6% (knowledge scores from 0 to 26 and awarded mean score was 9.45 ± 2.98) indicating a very low level of knowledge on food safety. Particularly, they had a critically poor knowledge on food poisoning (28.4% passing rate), food handling (29.6% passing rate), and food storage (31.6% passing rate). They had poor knowledge of kitchen facilities (39.3% passing rate) and personal hygiene (45.8% passing rate). The results of the present study revealed that the food safety knowledge and handling practices varied with age, marital status, food handlers' education, the total number of family members, number of children in the household, monthly income of the family head, and place of residence (all p < 0.05). The above-highlighted results suggest that there is a great need for introducing education and training programs on food safety at the household level for food handlers in Bangladesh. Therefore, researchers, educators, food regulatory authorities, food safety experts, and the mass media collectively can play a vital role in improving their food safety knowledge and handling practices for safer food preparation.

Personal hygiene:Knowledge, attitude, and practice among higher primary school children in Urban Bengaluru, India

Good hygiene practices is crucial to avoid the spread of communicable diseases, which can be taught to children from an early age. Children, especially school-going ones, tend to neglect basic personal hygiene and thus require specific attention to develop good habits. The aim of this study is to assess the personal hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice of school children, as well as to examine the correlation between these three factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with students in grades six to eight attending higher primary schools. Convenience sampling was used to select the schools, while purposive sampling was employed to select the potential participants. To assess the students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding personal hygiene, a validated KAP questionnaire was used. The data collected were analysed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, as well as descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. Results: The study found that, almost half of the students (49.07%) displayed good knowledge regarding personal hygiene, while approximately (58.33%) held a positive attitude and (59.26%) had moderate practice regarding personal hygiene. The female students showed the highest median scores in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene. Furthermore, the study found that students' knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene increased as they progressed from sixth to eighth grade. Conclusion: The children displayed a moderate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding personal hygiene and females demonstrating better personal hygiene than males.