Personal Digital Assistant Phone Research Articles

Semiconductor-Type MEMS Gas Sensor for Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Applications

Low power consuming and highly responsive semiconductor-type microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensors are fabricated for real-time environmental monitoring applications. This subsystem is developed using a gas sensor module, a Bluetooth module, and a personal digital assistant (PDA) phone. The gas sensor module consists of a NO2 or CO gas sensor and signal processing chips. The MEMS gas sensor is composed of a microheater, a sensing electrode, and sensing material. Metal oxide nanopowder is drop-coated onto a substrate using a microheater and integrated into the gas sensor module. The change in resistance of the metal oxide nanopowder from exposure to oxidizing or deoxidizing gases is utilized as the principle mechanism of this gas sensor operation. The variation detected in the gas sensor module is transferred to the PDA phone by way of the Bluetooth module.

The effectiveness of M-health technologies for improving health and health services: a systematic review protocol

BackgroundThe application of mobile computing and communication technology is rapidly expanding in the fields of health care and public health. This systematic review will summarise the evidence for the effectiveness of mobile technology interventions for improving health and health service outcomes (M-health) around the world.FindingsTo be included in the review interventions must aim to improve or promote health or health service use and quality, employing any mobile computing and communication technology. This includes: (1) interventions designed to improve diagnosis, investigation, treatment, monitoring and management of disease; (2) interventions to deliver treatment or disease management programmes to patients, health promotion interventions, and interventions designed to improve treatment compliance; and (3) interventions to improve health care processes e.g. appointment attendance, result notification, vaccination reminders.A comprehensive, electronic search strategy will be used to identify controlled studies, published since 1990, and indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, or the UK NHS Health Technology Assessment database. The search strategy will include terms (and synonyms) for the following mobile electronic devices (MEDs) and a range of compatible media: mobile phone; personal digital assistant (PDA); handheld computer (e.g. tablet PC); PDA phone (e.g. BlackBerry, Palm Pilot); Smartphone; enterprise digital assistant; portable media player (i.e. MP3 or MP4 player); handheld video game console. No terms for health or health service outcomes will be included, to ensure that all applications of mobile technology in public health and health services are identified. Bibliographies of primary studies and review articles meeting the inclusion criteria will be searched manually to identify further eligible studies. Data on objective and self-reported outcomes and study quality will be independently extracted by two review authors. Where there are sufficient numbers of similar interventions, we will calculate and report pooled risk ratios or standardised mean differences using meta-analysis.DiscussionThis systematic review will provide recommendations on the use of mobile computing and communication technology in health care and public health and will guide future work on intervention development and primary research in this field.

American Heart Association Childhood Obesity Research Summit Report

I. The Problem: Childhood Obesity—A Burgeoning Epidemic e490II. Childhood Obesity Research Summit.........e490III. Pathophysiology and Morbidity ofChildhood Obesity e490A. Pathophysiology of Obesity e490B. Medical Consequences of Childhood Obesity. . .e490C. Psychosocial and Societal Consequences ofChildhood Obesity e490IV. Current Healthcare Practices in ChildhoodObesity Prevention and Treatment e492A. Lifestyle Assessment: Diet and Physical Activity . . . .e492B. Clinical Assessment e493C. Psychosocial/Behavioral Assessment .......e493D. Implementing Effective Prevention andTreatment Options: Diet e494E. Implementing Effective Prevention and TreatmentOptions: Exercise and Sedentary Behaviors . . . .e495F. Implementing Effective Prevention TreatmentOptions: Family and Behavioral Approaches . . .e496G. Behavioral Management e497H. Medical and Pharmacological Management. . . .e497I. Surgical Management e498V. Barriers to Optimum Care e498A. Healthcare System Factors e4981. Preparedness of Providers e4982. Models of Coverage and Care e4993. Uninsurance and Underinsurance AmongChildren and Families e5004. Healthcare Providers and Settings asRole Models e500B. The Challenge of Behavior Change ........e5011. Motivational Interviewing for Pediatric Obesity. .e5012. Psychosocial Factors InfluencingBehavior Change e5023. Environmental Factors InfluencingBehavioral Change e503VI. Practice-Based Resources for Preventionand Management e503A. Models From Other Disciplines e5031. Adult Chronic Care Model e5032. Treatment of Heart Failure e5043. Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus .....e5044. Treatment of Childhood Asthma.........e505B. Public Health Measures forChildhood Obesity e5061. Tobacco Control: Implications forChildhood Obesity e506C. Specific Research Issues e5061. Specifying Priorities in the Context of aComplex, Multifactorial Problem ........e5062. Taking a Developmental Approach .......e5073. Engaging Stakeholders e5074. Targeting the Appropriate Outcome .......e508VII. Research Challenges e509A. Research in the Busy Practice e509B. Bring Research Into Practices: Web-BasedAssessment for the PediatricObesity Clinic e509C. Research Agenda: NHLBI and thePediatric Heart Network e510D. Research Agenda: The Children’sOncology Group e510E. Research Agenda: CDC e511F. Research Agenda: Foundations e511VIII. Research and Policy: KnowledgeTranslation e512A. From Practice to Policy to Practice ........e512IX. Concluding Remarks e512Appendix A: Planning Committee e513Appendix B: Presenters e513

MEMSWear-biomonitoring system for remote vital signs monitoring

This paper proposes a remote vital signs monitoring system, which integrates wireless body area network (WBAN) and personal digital assistant (PDA) phone technology. Four different physiological signs, e.g., ECG, SpO 2 , temperature and blood pressure, can be continuously acquired or derived from two wireless sensor nodes—ECG sensor and integrated SpO 2 /temperature sensor. Once sentinel events happened or the request to real-time display vital signs is confirmed, all physiological signs and critical indices will be immediately transmitted to patient's PDA phone through Bluetooth and further relayed to doctor's PDA phone through global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology. A prototype of such system has been successfully developed and implemented, which will offer high standard of healthcare with a major reduction in cost for our society.

Mobile and remote operation for M2M application in upcoming u-manufacturing

This study tried to control and monitor computerized numerical controller (CNC) machines anywhere and anytime for machine (mobile) to machine (M2M) application in wired and wireless environment of upcoming ubiquitous manufacturing systems (u-Manufacturing). With a personal digital assistant (PDA) phone, the machine status and machining data of CNC machines can be monitored in wired and wireless environments, including the environments of IMT2000 and Wireless LAN. Moreover, CNC machines can be controlled anywhere and anytime. The concept of the anywhere-anytime controlling and monitoring of a manufacturing system was implemented for u-Manufacturing in this study. In this concept, the communication between the CNC controller and the PDA phone was successfully performed anywhere and anytime for the real-time monitoring and control of CNC machines. In addition, the interface between the CNC controller and the developed application module was implemented by object linking and embedding for process control (OPC) and shared CNC memory. For communication, the design of a server content module within the target CNC was based on a TCP/IP. Furthermore, the client content module within the PDA phone was designed with the aid of embedded c++ programming for mobile communication. For the interface, the monitoring data, such as the machine status, the machine running state, the name of the numerical control (NC) program, the alarm and the position of the stage axes, were acquired in real time from real machines with the aid of the OPC method and by sharing the CNC memory. The control data, such as the start, hold, emergency stop, reserved start and reserved stop, were also applied to the CNC domain of the real machine. CNC machines can therefore be controlled and monitored in real time, anywhere and anytime. Moreover, prompt notification from CNC machines to mobile phones, including cellular phones and PDA phones, can be automatically realized in emergencies.

Surface‐mount loop antenna for AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS operation in the PDA phone

AbstractA surface‐mount loop antenna very suitable for application in the mobile devices such as the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) phone for quad‐band operation is presented. The antenna comprises of a loop metal pattern for generating two wideband resonant modes at about 900 and 1800 MHz to cover the AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS bands and a central coupling stub as the feed structure. Although quad‐band operation is obtained, the antenna occupies a small volume of 7 × 8 × 60 mm3 or about 3.4 cm3 only and is easy to be embedded inside the PDA phone as an internal antenna. Details of the proposed surface‐mount loop antenna are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2250–2254, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22700

Internal GSM/DCS patch antenna mounted above the system ground plane of the PDA phone

AbstractThis paper presents an internal dual‐band patch antenna to be mounted above the system ground plane of the PDA (personal digital assistant) phone for GSM/DCS operation. The antenna is supported by conducting pins (5 mm long in this study) and mounted above the system ground plane of the PDA phone. In this case, the antenna does not directly occupy the system ground plane, and a usable space between the antenna ground portion and the system ground plane is provided for accommodating associated conducting elements or electronic components of the PDA phone. A design example is demonstrated, and obtained results are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2002–2006, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22593

Internal Patch Antenna With a Thin Air-Layer Substrate for GSM/DCS Operation in a PDA Phone

A thin dual-band internal patch antenna for Global System for Mobile Communication, 890-960 MHz/Digital Communication System, 1710-1880 MHz (GSM/DCS) operation in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone is presented. The antenna can generate two wide resonant modes for GSM (890-960 MHz) and DCS (1710-1880 MHz) operation, yet it requires an air-layer substrate of thickness 4 mm only, which is among the thinnest internal mobile phone antennas that have been reported. The antenna's top patch comprises a resonant narrow strip supporting a longer resonant path for GSM operation and a resonant subpatch supporting a shorter resonant path for DCS operation. By including a suitable widened end portion for the narrow strip and a suitable tapered end portion for the subpatch, increased bandwidths for the proposed thin internal mobile phone antenna are obtained. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna are described. In addition, the user's hand effects on the performances of the proposed antenna are studied

EMC internal GSM/DCS patch antenna for thin PDA phone application

AbstractA promising application of the electromagnetic compatible (EMC) internal patch antenna centered at the top portion of the thin smart phone or personal digital assistant (PDA) phone is presented. The EMC antenna in this study is encircled by an L‐shaped shielding wall, which also serves as part of the antenna's ground plane and is centered above the top edge of the system ground plane. This arrangement is different from the general case of the internal patch antenna mounted on one side of the system ground plane. In this case, with the LCD monitor, battery, and associated electronic components generally mounted on both sides of the system ground plane, the required housing thickness for the PDA phone can be decreased. This makes it easy to achieve a thin PDA phone of thickness about 10 mm only. In addition, the studied antenna uses a simple radiating metal pattern of a long folded strip and a short spiral strip for generating two wide bands for GSM/DCS operation. This simple radiating metal pattern makes it easy to control the antenna's two excited resonant modes for GSM/DCS operation. Also, effects of the user's hand holding the thin PDA phone with the studied antenna are analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 403–408, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22167

Internal GSM/DCS Antenna Backed by a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for a PDA Phone

A novel internal global system for mobile communication/digital communication system (GSM/DCS) antenna suitable for application in mobile devices such as the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone is presented. The antenna has two radiating strips designed to operate at about 900 and 1800 MHz for GSM/DCS operation, and is backed by and short-circuited to a step-shaped ground plane. With the use of the step-shaped ground plane, which is to be placed at the top edge of the system ground plane of a PDA phone, the antenna can be employed in very close proximity to the possible RF shielding metal cases for battery and associated RF module/circuitry, with almost no degradation in the antenna performances. In addition, the antenna almost occupies no board space in the system ground plane, and is with a very small protruded length (3 mm only in this study) over the top edge of the system ground plane. The antenna is thus very promising to operate as an internal antenna, and in addition, shows an attractive electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) property with nearby conducting or RF elements inside a mobile device.

Three‐antenna MIMO system for WLAN operation in a PDA phone

AbstractA multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system using three EMC (electromagnetic compatible) chip antennas in a personal digital assistant (PDA) phone is demonstrated. The three EMC chip antennas are mounted at three corners of the system ground plane of the PDA phone and all generate a wide bandwidth covering the wireless local area network (WLAN) operation in the 2.4‐GHz band (2400–2484 MHz). By adding a T‐shaped shorted strip in the proposed MIMO antenna system, large improvements in the isolation (S12, S13, and S23 all less than −20 dB) between any two antennas of the MIMO system are achieved. Detailed effects of the T‐shaped shorted strip on the isolation improvement in the proposed MIMO antenna system are analyzed. Radiation characteristics of the three antennas are also studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1238–1242, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21665

Ubiquitous-based mobile control and monitoring of CNC machines for development of u-machine

This study was an attempt to control and monitor Computerized Numerical Controller (CNC) machines anywhere and anytime for the development of a ubiquitous machine (u-machine). With a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone, the machine status and machining data of CNC machines can be monitored in wired and wireless environments, including the environments of IMT2000 and Wireless LAN. Moreover, CNC machines can be controlled anywhere and anytime. The concept of the anywhere-anytime controlling and monitoring of a manufacturing system was implemented in this study for the purpose of u-manufacturing and u-machines. In this concept, the communication between the CNC controller and the PDA phone was successfully performed anywhere and anytime for the real-time monitoring and control of CNC machines. In addition, the interface between the CNC controller and the developed application module was implemented by Object linking and embedding for Process Control (OPC) and shared CNC memory. For communication, the design of a server contents module within the target CNC was based on a TCP/IP. Furthermore, the client contents module within the PDA phone was designed with the aid of embedded c++ programming for mobile communication. For the interface, the monitoring data, such as the machine status, the machine running state, the name of the Numerical Control (NC) program, the alarm and the position of the stage axes, were acquired in real time from real machines with the aid of the OPC method and by sharing the CNC memory. The control data, such as the start, hold, emergency stop, reserved start and reserved stop, were also applied to the CNC domain of the real machine. CNC machines can therefore be controlled and monitored in real time, anywhere and anytime. Moreover, prompt notification from CNC machines to mobile phones, including cellular phones and PDA phones, can be automatically realized in emergencies.

휴대용 단말기 기반의 재능 로봇 사용자 인터페이스

사용자가 지능 로봇을 효율적으로 이용하려면 사용자와 지능 로봇을 연결해주는 사용자 인터페이스를 설계해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지능 로봇의 기능과 자율화 수준에 따라 휴대용 단말기 기반의 사용자 인터페이스를 어떻게 구성해야 하는 지 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)나 스마트폰과 같은 휴대용 단말기를 이용하여 지능 로봇을 원격에서 조종할 때 필요한 사용자 인터페이스를 개발하고자 한다. 영상 기반 인터페이스를 이용하면 사용자가 로봇의 동작을 직접 보면서 로봇을 조종할 수 있고, 지도 기반 인터페이스를 이용하면 전송되는 정보가 줄어들기 때문에 정보 전송 지연시간을 줄이면서 사용자가 로봇을 조종할 수 있다. A user interface that connects a user to intelligent robots needs to be designed for executing them efficiently. In this paper, it is analyzed how to organize a mobile terminal based user interface according to the function and level of autonomy of intelligent robots and the user interface of PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and smart phone is developed for controlling intelligent robots remotely. In the image-based user interface, a user can see the motion of a robot directly and control the robot. In the map-based interface, the quantity of transmission information is reduced and therefore a user can control the robot with a small delay of transmission time.

Instant wireless transmission of radiological images using a personal digital assistant phone for emergency teleconsultation

The instant transmission of radiological images may be important for making rapid clinical decisions about emergency patients. We have examined an instant image transfer system based on a personal digital assistant (PDA) phone with a built-in camera. Images displayed on a picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) monitor can be captured by the camera in the PDA phone directly. Images can then be transmitted from an emergency centre to a remote physician via a wireless high-bandwidth network (CDMA 1 x EVDO). We reviewed the radiological lesions in 10 normal and 10 abnormal cases produced by modalities such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and digital angiography. The images were of 24-bit depth and 1,144 x 880, 1,120 x 840, 1,024 x 768, 800 x 600, 640 x 480 and 320 x 240 pixels. Three neurosurgeons found that for satisfactory remote consultation a minimum size of 640 x 480 pixels was required for CT and MR images and 1,024 x 768 pixels for angiography images. Although higher resolution produced higher clinical satisfaction, it also required more transmission time. At the limited bandwidth employed, higher resolutions could not be justified.

Thin internal planar antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS operation in a PDA phone

A novel thin internal planar antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS quad-band operation in a PDA (personal digital assistant) phone is presented. The proposed internal antenna has a small thickness of only 3 mm, yet it is capable of providing two wide operating bands at about 0.9 and 2 GHz so as to meet the bandwidth requirements of the GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS systems. Details of the design considerations of the proposed antenna are described, and the experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 423–426, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21190