Personal Characteristics Of Managers Research Articles

Employee Commitment and the Manager-Employee Relationship. An International Work Environment Leadership Model

Aim: The primary objective of this article is to thoroughly explore the issue of employee commitment within the context of the manager-employee relationship and proposing a model of the process of preparing manager to build superior-subordinate relation and form employee commitment in the organisation’s foreign branch. Methodology: The qualitative method of research was implemented in the form of individual in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted with top managers of internationally operating organisations. Results: Manager-employee relationships evolve. To make the process more satisfactory for both sides, the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory and Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) concept should be integrated in it. Both concepts are inherently linked to employee management in the international environment. Furthermore, LMX is evolving towards relational leader-member exchange (RLMX). The process of adaptation to a new work environment is connected not only with the cultural, but also personal characteristics of managers and their experience in operating in international organizations. Cultural differences can significantly affect supervisor-superior relation and employee commitment. Nevertheless, it also seems that universal virtues such as respect and trust, shape the dynamism of the process, which consists of stages described in the conceptual model. Implications and recommendations: To reduce or actually minimise the impact of cultural factors on relations between managers and employees, it is necessary to find the appropriate style of leadership and adjust it to each individual. What makes the process successful is the recognition of local employees’ needs as well as the implementation of positive motivation methods. Originality/value: The article aims to contribute to the discourse on LMX and POS in the context of leadership style in international work environment (IWE). Both approaches should be studied in parallel to identify the key determinants of a manager’s success, reaching beyond the cross-cultural dimension. Contrary to the models presented in the literature, the proposed model is based on managers’ perception of the process of adaptation to the host country’s culture.

DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

In recent years, corporate venture capital has gained popularity in all areas of the economy in different countries of the world. Along with traditional venture capital funds, business angels and accelerators, traditional corporations also invest in startups around the world. Most often, these processes take place according to the corporate venture capital model. This makes it possible to remove restrictions on the participation in corporate venture funds mainly of legal entities, will open up opportunities for the participation of various subjects in corporate venture funds, and promotes the investment of funds in innovative structures. The purpose of the article is to analyze corporate venture capital, to identify structural characteristics of corporate venture capital and peculiarities of corporate venture investing in Ukraine. During the research, the method of synthesis and analysis, induction (in the study of corporate venture capital, structural characteristics of corporate venture capital and peculiarities of corporate venture investing in Ukraine); the method of schematic, graphic images (for the visual display the received results of the study) has been used. The main structural characteristics of corporate venture capital have been singled out. The signs of structural characteristics of corporate venture capital include the parameters of the corporate venture capital investment model, the types of corporate venture investment goals, criteria for deciding on financing a startup for investors and analysts of corporate investment funds, the types of corporate venture capital investments, the main motives for investment by corporate venture capital funds, ways to promote business growth through corporate investment in venture capital funds, the main financial parameters of the sustainability of corporate venture capital. Ukrainian investors appeared in this field literally 5-7 years ago, but their interest in global international startups is already marked. It was established that for Ukrainian businessmen venture investments at the stages of the B+ series are a new stage of expansion of the investment portfolio. The amount of investment depends on the investor's faith in the project and the arrogance and talent of the startup. If «seed» and «angel» investments are calculated on average in hundreds of thousands of dollars, then capital investments in the innovative business are measured in millions and tens of millions. The main goal of corporate venture capital is strategic innovative business development. Activation of activity through corporate venture capital investments in Ukraine is only developing, and much depends on the business reputation and personal characteristics of managers. Ukraine's economy needs integration into global economic processes through the development of corporate venture capital.

관광지 소기업의 사회적 자본이 경영성과에 미치는 직접효과와 경영자의 자기효능감이 가지는 매개효과 분석 : 강원도 정선지역 상권을 중심으로

Development of tourism destinations is a critical driver of regional and national economic growth. The performance of micro-firms in tourism destinations is deeply associated with service quality perceived by tourists, strongly influencing the competitiveness of tourism destination and promoting tourist loyalty to the destination. To understand the performance of micro-firms, exiting literature in tourism and hospitality has adopted various business and management perspectives, such as personal characteristics of managers, organizational resources and capabilities, and business environment. Despite the theoretical diversity, the previous studies have relied heavily on theories in business and management studies. To overcome the limitation, this study adopts sociological perspective to predict the performance of micro-firms in tourism destination. This study proposes a structural equation model in which micro-firms’ social capital has a positive effect on performance and the managers’ self-efficacy mediates the relationship between social capital and performance. For an empirical analysis, this study performed a survey of 205 micro-firms in Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do Province in South Korea and carried out hypothesis tests. The analysis results found that the social capital has a positive and significant impact on the performance. Furthermore, this research shows that the self-efficacy of managers has a full mediation effect on the relationship, suggesting that the managers’ self-efficacy is the critical path that connects micro-firms’ social capital and performance.

Sentiment and Style: Evidence from Republican Managers

This study examines the relationship between corporate managers’ political ideology and corporate leverage policies conditional on investor sentiment. Based on a minimum of 21,884 observations over the 1992–2008 period, the authors show that Republican managers significantly reduce leverage during periods of high investor sentiment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to document that Republican managers are not swayed by the general tendency to increase leverage in high-sentiment periods. Overall, the empirical evidence from this study indicates that personal characteristics of managers have a consistent impact on corporate policies, providing support for the “behavioral consistency” theory. Further, the results of this study imply that internal and external stakeholders of a corporation should take into account manager personality in their decisions. For example, the board of a highly indebted company may consider hiring a conservative manager to reduce its financial risk.

Chief Executive Officer Proactive Personality and Acquisitions: A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of China's Listed Firms.

The role of the CEO in an enterprise's management decisions renders their individual characteristics influential in decisions about mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Personal characteristics are based on many aspects, therefore, we provide a multi-angle insight into the personal characteristics of managers. Drawing on the upper echelons theory, we examine whether CEOs' proactive personality affects merger and acquisition decisions. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is performed using a sample of 64 listed firms in China for the period 2010–2019. There are three solutions for cross-industry mergers, and five for intra-industry mergers. The results suggest that: (a) proactive and overconfident CEOs are inclined toward cross-industry mergers; (b) non-proactive and low-educated CEOs are inclined toward intra-industry mergers; (c) emerging industry enterprises tend to choose intra-industry mergers; (d) overconfident CEOs are more likely to undertake cross-industry mergers in traditional industries.

Managers’ research education, the use of FX derivatives and corporate speculation

In contrast to the U.S., many executive managers of firms in German-speaking countries have a PhD. In this paper we analyze if a research-oriented background in the form of a PhD is linked to the corporate decision-making of CFOs in the use of foreign exchange (FX) derivatives in Germany. After controlling for fundamental firm characteristics, compensation schemes and personal characteristics of managers, we find some evidence that CFOs with a PhD in a business-related area tend to use FX derivatives less, while CFOs with a general business education do so more. Analyzing their behavior with regard to speculation, we find strong evidence that CFOs with a PhD speculate less on the FX market compared to CFOs with another (business) education. A possible reason may be that a research-oriented education is more associated with critical awareness and long-term orientation in corporate decision-making that persuades managers to avoid overconfident behavior.

Основні елементи управлінського лідерства

Purpose. The object of research is management leadership in industrial enterprises. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the elements of effective managerial leadership and determine the most significant factors of its formation and development. Findings. A modern organization is a complex of social processes that are not always predictable. Therefore, leaders have to abandon the outdated organizational model and attempt to control people, create conditions that help workers in an environment of uncertainty to maintain an innovative focus in their actions. The urgency of the work lies in the fact that in modern conditions the Ukrainian economy is in a state of transformation and crisis. This is a serious obstacle to the effective operation of many domestic industrial enterprises, as consumer demand decreases and as a result – decreases profit from the sale of products. In this situation it is necessary to create an effective management system that will be aimed at developing effective management solutions. This is possible if there is a leader at the enterprise. The importance of managerial leadership will only grow, and, therefore, it is the leadership competencies of managers of industrial enterprises that should be reflected in the assessment of the professional and personal characteristics of managers. Research limitations/implications. To achieve the goal of the research, the following tasks were accomplished: the theoretical aspects of managerial leadership were analyzed; the models of managerial leadership are characterized depending on the degree of its effectiveness: the model of ineffective managerial leadership, the model of managerial leadership "in spite of the circumstances", the model "got out of the way", the model of effective managerial leadership; a list of key leadership competencies that a modern head of a large industrial enterprise should possess. Originality/value. The scientific significance of the work is to focus on the problems of forming and developing the leadership potential in domestic industrial enterprises and to consider possible ways of solving existing problems in their practical activities. Using the model of effective leadership will allow domestic enterprises to fully manage all areas of the enterprise in accordance with the strategic objectives of its development.

Managerss Research Education, the Use of FX Derivatives and Corporate Speculation

In contrast to the U.S., many executive managers of continental European firms have a PhD. In this paper we analyze if a research-oriented background in the form of a PhD is linked to the corporate decision-making of CFOs in the use of foreign exchange (FX) derivatives in Germany. After controlling for fundamental firm characteristics, compensation schemes and personal characteristics of managers, we find some evidence that CFOs with a PhD in a business-related area tend to use FX derivatives less, while CFOs with a general business education do so more. Analyzing their behavior with regard to speculation, we find strong evidence that CFOs with a PhD speculate less on the FX market compared to CFOs with another (business) education. A possible reason may be that a research-oriented education is more associated with critical awareness and long-term orientation in corporate decision-making.

Deontological Approach to the Development of Professionally-Communicative Culture Education Managers on Upgrading Courses

Nowadays in the Russian society there made high demands on the level of professional-ethic communicative culture of education managers. Meanwhile the subject concerning the development of education managers communicative culture within refresher courses on basis of pedagogical deontology is not studied enough. This article analyses the essence, structure and revealing levels deontological communicative culture of education managers. The article discusses the results of the diagnostics of personal characteristics of managers in education that affect the manifestation of professional ethic communicative culture of heads of educational institutions. The material illuminates the outcome of long-term work of the authors as teachers of refresher courses for education managers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s1p290

Evaluating Six Sigma methodology to improve logistical measures of food distribution SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of the Six Sigma methodology as a systematic business strategy and quality initiative to improve the critical logistical measures within small-to-medium-sized food distributors. Design/methodology/approach – The first stage was the conducting of structured questionnaires to verify the applicability in terms of capability, resources and culture in the targeted industry. The second stage was the implementation of two industrial case studies to investigate the impacts of Six Sigma on logistical measures. Findings – It was found that Six Sigma is applicable and beneficial in small-to-medium-sized food distributors. It was also found that required training, personal characteristics of managers, size of the organisation, education level and workplace of the employees are the most effective elements to adopt Six Sigma for these organisations. Research limitations/implications – Cultural factors including high level of secrecy in information exchange, ambiguity and lack of knowledge, sampling population and requirement of ISO9000 were found as key issues in implications of this research programme. Practical implications – Six Sigma programme can be used as a problem solving practice, a performance measurement tool and a business strategy in small food distributors through more simplified approach to improve the ultimate food supply chain. Originality/value – This research paper studies the application of Six Sigma in food logistics SME sector by having integrated research approach, and also provides a practical scientific and rigorous quality and profitability improvement methodology for smaller food distribution organisations with limited resources.

The Impact of Culture on International Management: A Survey of Project Communications in Singapore

This paper provides the results of an exploratory survey of construction industry managersin Singapore to isolate some of the common effects of national and organisational culture,together with the personal characteristics of managers, on the efficacy of project communication.By examination of significant correlation coefficients, the various types of influencesare identified. The results of the research suggest that the managers’ attitude andbehaviours toward communication may be guided to large extent by their level of competence.The study also provides evidence to suggest that the individuals’ understanding ofthe communication process and its barriers, the way they behave with other individualsand expect to be treated, varies according to national cultures.

Role of Budgeting in Modern Corporate Governance (Empirical Study in the Czech Republic)

The differing opinions of both experts and managers on the application of budgets in the dynamic changing business environment were inspiration for the empirical study that is oriented on the importance of budgets to performance management. The paper results from the empirical research. Analyses and conclusions presented in this paper cover the following issue: The first part analyses changes in the application of budgets in recent years and the indicators of these changes. The second part is oriented on the opinions of managers of budgets and explores whether managers consider budgets an important management tool supporting and improving Corporate Governance. Analyses concentrate also on differences between the attitudes of financial and nonfinancial managers and between middle level and top managers. The last part of the project focuses on recognition of factors that have an influence on budget consideration such as methods of budget preparation, manager participation in budgeting process, level of power and responsibility managers, relation to incentive scheme, and the personal characteristics of managers.

Complementary Resources and Capabilities for an Ethical and Environmental Management: A Qual/Quan Study

Managers’ commitment to contribute to sustainable development holds the key to their long-term business success and may be a source of competitive advantage. The managerial perception of business ethics is influenced by the level of moral development and personal characteristics of managers. These perceptions are also shaped by forces existing in the environment of the firm, including available resources, societal expectations, sector, and regulations. The resource-based perspective can thus contribute to the analysis of ethical issues offering important insights on how they can influence the environmental strategy of the firm. The findings of this study show that firm resources have a strong influence on business managers’ ethical attitudes. In addition, the application of resource-based rationales to ethical issues can be justified in the following several ways: it influences a managerial perception of natural environment as a competitive opportunity, it requires investments of financial and human resources, flexibility and speed in the adaptation to environmental changes, and it creates new resource-based opportunities through changes in prevention pollution technology, policy process, and market forces.

“A job well done”: hospitality managers and success

Looks at the different perceptions of success held by hospitality managers, as gauged by a survey undertaken early in 1994. Analyses the tensions between the various perspectives and relates them to their institutional settings and the personal characteristics of managers. Rather than developing an objective classification of “success”, suggests that the variety and conflicts between different perspectives should be recognized and acknowledged, and that there is no one “correct” definition of good job performance.

The Personal Values of Australian Managers

A significant part of management literature deals with the personal characteristics of managers, attemptingto define what is required of a good manager. Further to this work, there has been some investigationof the extent to which differences in managerial functioning might be due to differences between the managersthemselves rather than the nature of their jobs or the type of organization in which they work. As part ofa larger study results were obtained for samples of public service and private enterprise managers on theGordon Survey of Personal Values. While personal factors such as age, area of work or educationalbackground did not correspond with differences in personal values, the public sector/private sector variablewas related to a difference in values, on one of the six scales in particular.