Personal Belongings Research Articles

Comprehension of personally relevant (perl) versus novel language in two globally aphasic patients

Abstract Standard, special, and tailor-made tests were given to two patients with global aphasia to test the hypothesis that such patients can recognize personally relevant language material despite deficient comprehension of novel language. Standard and special tests assessed recognition of spoken or written names of familiar-famous persons and landmarks, as well as novel objects, photographs and line drawings. Tests tailor-made for each subject presented names of familiar–intimate persons and personal belongings. Both patients recognized names for familiar–famous and familiar–intimate persons and landmarks, whatever the response mode, consistently better than non-personal words, while no advantage was found for names of personal belongings. In the patient who was retested 2 years post-onset of stroke, recovery of novel word comprehension had improved to the level originally observed for personally relevant language material. These results yield further information on the role of personal relevance (PERL) in cerebral processing and have implications for treatment of severely aphasic individuals.

Apperceptive and Associative Forms of Prosopagnosia

Three prosopagnosic patients were given four face tests, two perceptual (an unknown face identification test and an age estimation test) and two also implying memory (a familiarity check test and a famous face recognition test).The patients' performance was assessed with reference to the score distribution of the normal population. A patient was found to fail both perceptual and mnestic tests, without any noticeable difference between them. Also the second patient had poor scores on both kinds of tests, but his impairment was significantly greater on the perceptual ones. The third patient, on the contrary, showed no perceptual deficit and only failed the mnestic tests. His inability to recognize the individuality of an item among members of the same category was strictly confined to faces and never present for other classes of stimuli (cars, coins, personal belongings). This finding is supportive of the thesis that in a few patients the deficit underlying prosopagnosia is face specific.

The flood control saga in the Passaic River Basin

Flooding is a natural phenomenon which engineers and politicians have attempted to control since the beginning of time. The Passaic River Basin in northern New Jersey has been recognized as a significant floodprone area in the United States since colonial times. Several State and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposals have been abandoned because of both economic and environmental objections to expensive public works projects. During the early part of the Twentieth Century, houses were built in the floodway of the Passaic River, an area where lives and personal belongings were at highest risk.

Perceptions of Stressors by High School Students

A 26-item questionnaire was administered to 1,301 students in a midwestern, suburban high school to identify potential stressors as perceived by the students. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of stress among twelve of these items: interpersonal aggression, goal conflictlsupport, social conflictlsupport, and perceived environmental mastery. The remaining items identified other stressors, mediating factors, social supports, and coping mechanisms. Analysis of variance and contingency table analysis identified status-group differences. Nearly 10% of the students indicated that they did not handle stress very well. The academic performance grouping system, having jobs and keeping up with school, and fear of theft of personal belongings were identified by students as being the stressors of greatest concern.

A Comparison of Confucianism and Buddhism

On August 24, 1966, during the so-called Great Cultural Revolution, my home was ransacked by the "young generals" who called themselves the Red Guards. All my personal belongings, clothes, and books were taken; nothing remained behind after the sweep. Furthermore, I was forced to move from the rooms in the northern wing of the building and to make my abode in the small cottage in the southern part. At the time I was quite upset, but soon I learned to put the matter aside and make nothing of it. In that period of "leisure," I was able to write the following essays in draft form. Since I didn't have a single book for reference, the writing was entirely from memory. By September 6 I had completed the first essay, and subsequently, on November 10, the second was produced. As for the third, I can no longer recall the date of its completion.

Understanding Addictive Behaviors: Implications for Health Promotion Programming

Marilyn A. Jensen, Ph.D., is Chairperson and Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology, College of Education, at St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota. It is 5:25 P.M. and Molly finds herself hurriedly collecting her papers and personal belongings to leave work. Her destination is one of her favorite lounges for several drinks to unwind from the stress of her new responsibilities as manager of the marketing division of a large midwestern corporation. Jerry, one of her colleagues, once again refuses her invitation to join her, indicating his need to stay to complete a number of important tasks to feel prepared for the next day’s regional sales meeting. Sarah, the office secretary, complaining about the occasional spasms in her legs, quickly heads off to the locker room to change prior to her scheduled twelve-mile run, in preparation for an upcoming marathon.

The Organization of Households in Adabraka: Toward a Wider Comparative Perspective

Households everywhere are staging areas for social life: places where individuals sleep, store personal belongings, and refurbish themselves, physically and psychologically, for the day ahead. The fire and simple shelter of the Australian Mardudjara (Tonkinson 1978), the sections within farming compounds of the Ghanaian Tallensi (Fortes 1949a), and the rooms in Manhattan hotels rented by poor, elderly, or mentally disturbed men and women (Sokolovskyet al.1978) are each examples of this basic aspect of household life. How then should households be compared in order to understand the ways in which ethnographic cases differ?

TheLysison Loving One's Own

Cicero,Lucullus38: ‘…non potest animal ullum non adpetere id quod accommodatum ad naturam adpareat (Graeci idοỉκεῖονappellant)…’From earliest childhood every man wants to possess something. One man collects horses. Another wants gold. Socrates has a passion for companions. He would rather have a good friend than a quail or a rooster. In this way, Socrates begins his interrogation of Menexenus. He then congratulates Menexenus and Lysis for each having what he himself still does not possess. How is it that one gets a friend, Socrates asks?Since the nineteenth century many who have read these lines have found them repulsive. Scholars have damned theLysisfor its selfish egoism, for regarding persons as personal belongings. At the turn of the century some sought to discredit the dialogue as a forgery and a calumny. Others debated the dating of the dialogue as Socratic or Platonic, seeking whom to blame rather than whom to credit. And those who have regarded the dialogue as Platonic have tried to redeem it by detecting hints of Plato's theory of Forms. A few have attempted to salvage reputations by understanding the argument of theLysisas areductioof egoism, or else by invoking the loyalty of Socrates' friends and the history of Plato's friendship for Dion of Syracuse to speak up for their defence. Guthrie has condemned the dialogue as a failure of method and presentation (‘even Plato can nod’), and Vlastos has pronounced it a failure of love: ‘The lover Socrates has in view seems positively incapable of loving others for their own sake, else why must he feel no affection for anyone whose good-producing qualitieshedid not happen to need?’TheLysisappears to make no positive contribution to the Greek tradition on friendship when compared to theSymposiumor thePhaedrus. And in the subsequent tradition, whatever Aristotle might have borrowed from the dialogue he uses for his own purposes. Aristotle too is quite critical of specific points raised in theLysis. Now it might seem that Aristotle made a place for the selfish love of theLysisin his own theory, as an inferior grade of utility love. But even this cannot be so, if we are to agree with recent studies of Aristotle's ethics. According to Aristotle, if a client is friendly to his benefactor because of the latter's usefulness, this utilitarian motive must accompany a genuine concern (εὔνοια) for the benefactor's own interest in that relation, if they are to be friends. Inferior and genuine friendship may differ in purpose but not in regard for the well-being of the beloved. This respect for the object of one's love has no parallel in theLysis, according to the standard reading of the dialogue.

Springfield (1978)--St. John's Hospice.

Abstract Springfield, Illinois is planning a hospice to care for the terminally ill. It is not intended to be restricted to either geriatric or cancer patients. St. John's Hospital, together with the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine's Departments of Family Practice and Medical Humanities, have joined together to develop plans. Emphasis will be on quality of life for the patient, with attention focused on physical, social, psychological, and spiritual needs. Care will be provided both in the hospice and at home, with emphasis on helping patients and families to help each other. The unit will also be used for the education of medical students, residents, and other health professionals. The inpatient unit will have 20–25 beds, with two beds per room. Patients will be encouraged to bring their personal belongings with them and there will be a liberal visiting policy. To build continuity and trust, a team of physician, nurse, and patient and family support personnel will be provided for each pat...

Sem/X-Ray Applications to the Forensic Science Field

The introduction of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to forensic science has provided additional methods by which investigative evidence can be analyzed. The importance of evidence from the scene of a crime or from the personal belongings of a victim and suspect has resulted in the development and evaluation of SEM/x-ray analysis applications to various types of forensic evidence. The intent of this paper is to describe some of these applications and to relate their importance to the investigation of criminal cases.The depth of field and high resolution of the SEM are an asset to the evaluation of evidence with respect to surface phenomena and physical matches (1). Fig. 1 shows a Phillips screw which has been reconstructed after the head and shank were separated during a hit-and-run accident.

Spatial Structure of Buying Market Areas of Retailers in Relation to those of Wholesaling

Some geographers tend to confuse two different market areas; the buying market area of retailers, and the market area of wholesaling. Purchasing activity of retailers and selling activity of wholesalers are different each other in the business relations between merchants in the collection and distribution of goods. According to the analysis of the buying behavior of retailers in Miyagi Prefecture, wholesalers are not always the vendors selling for retailers, who are not always same as the vendees buying only from wholesalers. Therefore, two kinds of customers involved are not directly related each other, and the volume of transaction in their market areas is not equivalent between them (Tables 1 and 2). Neither, the two types of market areas are areally coincident (Tables 3 and 4).Cities as the centers of the buying markets in respect to collection of goods by retailers are classified into three categories. The retailers in cities in Miyagi Prefecture purchase most of non-standardized goods in fashion such as some of personal belongings, clothing and shoes from Tokyo, the national economic center. The initiators of the distribution of goods of this type are some of wholesalers and department stores.In the cases of durable consumer goods with nationwide known brands such as house-hold electrical appliances and bicycles and some of general consumer goods with widely known brands such as medicaments and cosmetics, many retailers purchase the goods from Sendai as a regional center of national network of distribution.Many retailers dealing with perishable foodstuffs and standardized general consumer goods purchase the goods from Sendai and other small cities where the retailers are located.However, the functional order of cities, in which vendors selling goods for retailers are located, can not be set by means of the classification of cities into three categories mentioned above. For the purpose of measuring the functional order or hierarchy of cities in relation to whole structure of circulation, it is necessary further to study the function of cities in each step of distribution channel concerning each type of goods.

Cleng Peerson and the Communitarian Background of Norwegian Immigration

by MARIO S. DE PILLIS 5 Cleng Peerson and the Communitarian Background of Norwegian Immigration Cleng Peerson's endeavor was then, and is still, to unite all Norwegians into one community owning all its property in common. - OLE RYNNING Cleng tion, Peerson, the Norwegian the father pathfinder, of Norwegian the Norwegian immigration , the Norwegian pathfinder, the Norwegian trail blazer, the Norwegian Daniel Boone, the Peer Gynt of the prairies, is one of those fascinating but enigmatic figures who stand at the beginnings of things. Like so many such figures , especially those at the sources of large historical developments , Peerson did not leave much for historians to work on: his early beliefs and activities are as obscure as they are important. While the scholar expects a haze of origins to surround such a person, he cherishes the eternal hope of penetrating to the "real man," the man behind the titles and praises of posterity. It is not always the mere passage of time that effaces and distorts; other factors have lessened our knowledge of Cleng Peerson. For one thing, he was a wanderer with no settled occupation . He has been described as a dreamer and dubbed "Peer Gynt on the Prairies" - mainly on the basis of his fabled dream of Illinois as an Eden for Norwegian settlers. One day in Illinois, Peerson lay down under a tree, and, falling asleep, beheld the wild prairie transformed into a great fruitful gar136 CLENG PEERSON den with herds of fat cattle peacefully grazing between splendid fields of waving grain. This vision he took as a sign from God that the Fox River Valley was to be the Norwegian Land of Promise and he its Moses. His hunger and sufferings were then forgotten.1 This oft recounted and variously embellished story of Peerson 's dream contained a few kernels of truth - as folk myths often do. Peerson did wander through Illinois in its primitive, frontier state. He was very much taken with it. He did encourage Norwegians to settle there. He was a restless man, a "loner" who tramped thousands of miles, carrying but a small pack of personal belongings. He traveled through a nation that knew not his native tongue, through alien corn. He saw little corn, however, in his wanderings: rather only canebrakes , dismal swamps, woods, brush, and, eventually, the prairies of the great American back country. Such men leave few tracks. Our knowledge of Peerson rests largely on oral testimony written down years after it was spoken, or on chance remarks made about him in letters. He himself was little given to writing, and his backwoods roamings afforded him little opportunity to do any. Despite Rasmus B. Anderson's diligent interviewing during the nineteenth century and despite the monumental work of Theodore C. Biegen in our own time, the pathfinding Peerson, the Peerson of New York and Illinois, still preserves an air of mystery. Enigmas and hazy origins usually encourage legend, speculation, controversy, and "problems." What is definitely known about Peerson? A sketch of his life would begin in 1783, the year of his birth in Tysvaer Parish, Stavanger Amt , Norway, the son of Peder Hesthammer. Originally his name was Kleng Pedersen Hesthammer. He is said 1 Walter Havighurst, "Peer Gynt on the Prairies," in Upper Mississippi , 9-23 ( Rivers of America Series , vol. 2- New York, 1937); Rasmus B. Anderson , "Kleng Peerson," in American-Scandinavian Review , 8:504 (July, 1920); Theodore C. Biegen, Norwegian Migration to America , 1825-1860 , 61 ( Northfield , 1931 ); Biegen, ed., Land of Their Choice: The Immigrants Write Home, 32 (Minneapolis, 1955). 137 Mario S. De Pillis to have traveled in England, France, and Germany. He first came to America in 1821, and after some travel, mostly in New York State, he made a hurried visit to Norway in 1824, apparently to promote a Norwegian colony in Murray (now Kendall) Township, Orleans County, near Rochester, New York. This led to the organization, under the leadership of Lars Larsen, of a company of Norwegians intending to settle in western New York. Purchasing a sloop much too small for their safety, fifty-two Norwegians sailed in 1825 for New York City. Cleng Peerson met them at the pier.2 The...

CHILD PSYCHIATRY FACILITIES IN MOSCOW, RUSSIA

On July 9, 1959, I visited a psychiatric hospital for children in Moscow, Russia, with an internist from Cornell Medical School. Our conversations were carried on through an excellent interpreter assigned by Intourist who made the arrangements for our visit. The children’s section of the hospital was located close to an adult mental hospital on the outskirts of Moscow. The architectural style of all the buildings was similar to that of the state hospitals built in this country during the 19th century, and I was surprised to learn that the children’s hospital, which looked as if it could easily have been one hundred years old, was built in 1938 specffically as a children’s psychiatric unit. The patient-staff ratio was quite favorable. For 240 children there were 120 registered nurses, plus 25 student nurses, and 65 maintenance personnel. There were also 17 full time child psychiatrists. On the whole, the hospital had a gloomy atmosphere. Wards were large with 20 to 30 children in each ward. There were no facilities for the children’s personal belongings. We wore white coats as we toured the hospital and were shown the kitchens, the wards, the dining rooms, and a darkened room where 20 children were receiving electro-sleep treatment. Electro-sleep treatment is given to children with chorea and encephalitis, as well as to schizophrenic and neurotic children. Schizophrenics are also treated with vitamins and insulin. The neurotic children are not, as a rule, given insulin. In addition to these somatic treatments, the staff considered the ward experience to be therapeutic. They were very proud of their large garden in which the children could work as a therapeutic activity. They were also quite proud of their small zoo which included a donkey, foxes, and monkeys. We spent over 3 hours with 7 Russian

IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS

In modern societies identification of human remains is necessary for both legal and social reasons. There are various methods, but all of them employ the basic process of comparison. Thus, identification is dependent upon the available ante-mortem records as well as the completeness and degree of preservation of the remains. The most frequently used and simplest method of identification is personal recognition by relatives and friends--a method that has led to innumerable mistakes. Evidence from clothing and personal belongings is also widely relied upon. It too leads to mistakes since loose objects can be mislaid or switched between bodies. The more reliable methods of identification rest upon features inherent in the body itself. Fingerprinting is the most accurate and precise method. If it cannot be used, the dental method becomes of the utmost importance. In cases of mutilated, decomposed, burned or fragmented bodies, other methods--medical, radiological, skeletal, serological and hair examinations--must be employed. Skeletal examination can lead to the reliable determination of age, sex, race and stature of the individual. From birth to adolescence, accurate age estimation can be obtained from tooth development and in adults by examination of the pubic symphysis. The data derived from these methods when pooled together provide sufficient comparison for conclusive identification to be established. The identification procedures in the Israel Defence Forces are described.

Morton Prince

MORTON Prince, who was born in Boston on December 21, 1854, unquestionably achieved distinction in several fields besides that of medicine: teaching, literature, the theater, politics and civic reform. His rare medical books (some of them irreplaceable) have been put together in a special collection in a room given by him to the Boston Medical Library, where many of his personal belongings, as well as his furniture and decorations, are also assembled.After graduation from Harvard Medical School in 1879 Dr. Prince took a year of study abroad at Vienna and Strasbourg.From 1895 – 98 he taught neurology at . . .

The Little Things Do Count

M ANY times it's the little things which constitute tender loving care for our mentally ill patients. Consideration for the patient as an individual-a person-frequently makes the difference between mere custodial care and care that offers a chance for recovery. When a newly admitted patient is given surroundings that resemble his own home environment, he has a much better chance of recovering than if he is thrust into an alien and frightening atmosphere. Yet, too frequently, a mentally ill patient is herded into a strange cold, cell-like room and stripped of all his personal belongings, including even his dentures and eyeglasses; he is told nothing and is given cold, impersonal evasions in reply to his anxious queries. Any well individual undergoing this type of medieval treatment would suffer an emotional shock from which it might be difficult to recover; it is an even greater hurdle for the frightened, bewildered patient whose mind is already confused and who desperately needs warmth and understanding from those who are caring for him. Fortunately, the ward personnel in many of our hospitals have a humane attitude that prompts them to give the patients the personal consideration they need. Some even furnish the patients, out of their own small earnings, small items which give comfort. In some hospitals where the authorities who control the expenditure of funds are enlightened the true value of creature comforts is recognized. They know that providing these comforts means an actual saving to the hospital, in the final analysis, for they contribute to a patient's recovery and consequent release from the hospital. Where these dividends have been demonstrated, the small extras are furnished from the hospital budget rather than from the generosity of the ward personnel, and all the patients benefit. And back of the hospital authorities in these situations one finds enlightened legislators who appropriate sufficient funds to provide the means for helping patients retain the remnants of their personalities and maintain their self esteem while they are hospitalized.

Aboard a Hospital Ship

in size and will take from 26 to 58 patients. The double-decker bunks have comfortable mattresses, and the orthopedic wards are equipped with fracture beds which have appliances for any necessary traction. All the lower bunks have regular standard hospital frames and can be adjusted to the patients' needs. Small trays fastened to the bunks replace the more familiar bedside stands and help to keep the patients' personal belongings within reach. Each bunk is equipped with a bedside lamp as well as earphones over which the patient can hear the transcribed programs from the Armed Forces Radio Service and the religious services from the ship's improvised chapel. Most of the wards have their own diet kitchens, equipped with electric food-warming tables from which piping hot food can be served. Also included in the hospital spaces are three large operating rooms, pathology laboratory, and x-ray and physiotherapy departments. An EENT clinic is equipped with its own operating room and optical laboratory. A complete dental clinic and the latest electrocardiographic and encephalographic machines complete a modern general hospital. At last we reached Pusan, our home port for several months. Here our primary responsibilities were to provide nursing care for the troops of the United Nations Forces. Our sister ship, the Consolation, was waiting for us to relieve her. As we approached her a military band on her flight deck welcomed us with, If I knew you were coming I'd 'a' baked a cake. This became our theme song in Korea. Many a Navy nurse remembers with pride her time as a real sailor. One of them tells about it here.

Aboard a Hospital Ship

in size and will take from 26 to 58 patients. The double-decker bunks have comfortable mattresses, and the orthopedic wards are equipped with fracture beds which have appliances for any necessary traction. All the lower bunks have regular standard hospital frames and can be adjusted to the patients' needs. Small trays fastened to the bunks replace the more familiar bedside stands and help to keep the patients' personal belongings within reach. Each bunk is equipped with a bedside lamp as well as earphones over which the patient can hear the transcribed programs from the Armed Forces Radio Service and the religious services from the ship's improvised chapel. Most of the wards have their own diet kitchens, equipped with electric food-warming tables from which piping hot food can be served. Also included in the hospital spaces are three large operating rooms, pathology laboratory, and x-ray and physiotherapy departments. An EENT clinic is equipped with its own operating room and optical laboratory. A complete dental clinic and the latest electrocardiographic and encephalographic machines complete a modern general hospital. At last we reached Pusan, our home port for several months. Here our primary responsibilities were to provide nursing care for the troops of the United Nations Forces. Our sister ship, the Consolation, was waiting for us to relieve her. As we approached her a military band on her flight deck welcomed us with, "If I knew you were coming I'd 'a' baked a cake." This became our theme song in Korea. Many a Navy nurse remembers with pride her time as a real "sailor." One of them tells about it here.

青年期に於ける虚榮的傾向に就いて

Problem: From the viewpoint that self-consciousness is the centre of human life, the psychological investigation of if has a great significance. Now in the investigation of it, I have determined to take the tendency of vanity as one of the phenomenal forms of it. In this phenomenon we can find the complexity of positive and negative self-feeling. That is to say, vanity could be regarded as due to the motive of the subject who, compensating, by means of trifle and invaluable things, for the consciousness of his inner anxiety, emptiness and inferiority which are caused by the uncertainty of self-estimation, tries to establish his superiority to others and feels satisfied with it. It is necessary for the purpose that the judgement of self is endorsed by others. Therefore, the “wish for recognition by others” becomes an important motive: that is why vanity is numbered as one of the social feelings. I proceeded with the investigation of these points in adolescence, which is marked by remarkable development of self-consciousness.Method. The questionaire, consisting of 17 questions, to be answered by yes or no, was used with girls. Out of 17 questions in all, fifteen deal with tendencies of vanity and can be classified in three groups.1) The material self, questions dealing with one's own dresses personal belongings, etc.: for example, “Have you ever worried about your dresses when you came forward in the presence of others?”2) The environmental self, questions dealing with the environment or circumstances of the self: for example, “Have youe ver spoken about others' mistakes and defects?”3) The central self, questions dealing with that which attaches immediately to the self: for example, “Have you ever pretended to know?” “Have you ever wanted to show your works?”Also, In order to find out if there is any consciousness of one's manner and action or not, and if there is awakening of vanity or not, I have added two more questions. In some questions I required from the testees especially detailed explanation as well as general introspection.The questionaire was, during the period from May to July, 1947, put to 171 students and 242 pupils of a girl's high school, and for comparison, 51 male students of a normal school. The time required for each group was 15 to 30 minutes.The percentage of the number of responses for each question to the total answers was calculated and was named “the frequency rate of the response type” in which I read the general tendency of the individul. Then I calculated, in the same way, the avarage frequency rate of the students or pupils of a whole calss and made it the standard for comparison.Error of Judgement. I have tried to ascertain those who have erred in their self-estimation, that is, those who have no self-awakening although they show many positive responses to the fifteen questions dealing with vanity, in the follwoing method. I have regarded the number of responses to the fifteen questions as the degree of vanity, then I obtained the arithmetical mean of the degree of vanity of all the students of a class and made it the standard. Then those who show more degree of vanity above the standard will be reagdred as having so much vanity, compared with the average persons. I tried to ascertain this in these who did not have self-awakening for vanity.Results: 1) The tendencies of vanity, in general, increase with age and reaches the highest point in the 2nd year stndents of college (about 17 years old) and then they begin to decrease. Also introspection and self-observation becomes more exact and detailed in students of college. I think this shows a degree for development of self-consciousness.2) By the comparison of boy and girl students of the same age it is found that there are differencesin the tendency of vanity according to the sex. That is to say, in the girl students it is found that they

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AIR-RAIDS

Data collected from 50 observers confirm newspaper accounts of the imperturbability of the majority of the population. Acclimatization even to heavy raids at night has been remarkable. A considerable proportion manage to sleep through the terrific racket. There is no doubt that being with others helps the majority of people, and that those who live alone tend to find raids much more trying. Introspective accounts of what it feels like when bombs fall close are difficult to obtain and often contradictory. There have been fewer cases of neurosis than were expected. There have been no new or unexpected types of air-raid neurosis. Among people showing neurotic trends before raids began, roughly one-half have shown no change, a quarter have become worse, and a quarter have actually improved. In general, the psychological disorders attributable to raids seem to be considerably less serious than the social disorganization consequent on the destruction of so many homes and personal belongings, the disruption of communications, and the difficulties of feeding, evacuation, etc. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)