Personal Pronoun Usage Research Articles

Linguistic Characteristics In The Research Background And Problem Statement In The Doctoral Thesis Of Arabic EFL Students In Malaysia

This study explores the linguistic features within the move structures of the research background and problem statement sections in Chapter One of PhD theses written by Arab students in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on four key language elements: verb tense, modality, voice (active and passive), and personal pronouns. A corpus of 30 theses was analyzed to determine common linguistic patterns, revealing significant insights into the language choices of these academic writers. The study employs concordance and hand-tagged analysis to examine verb tense and voice, with manual verification for modality and personal pronouns to ensure accuracy. Eight distinct verb tenses were identified, with the present simple tense being the most frequently used, representing 55.30% of the total instances. This indicates a preference for focusing on current knowledge and ongoing research. In contrast, the past simple and future simple tenses were used to describe past methodologies and future implications, respectively. Modal auxiliaries play a crucial role in conveying sentiments and opinions. The study identified seven modal verbs, with 'can' being the most commonly used, suggesting a focus on possibility over obligation. The analysis of voice patterns revealed a higher occurrence of active voice (79.66%), especially in moves that conveyed up-to-date knowledge. In contrast, passive voice was more common in methodological descriptions, indicating a focus on the actions or subjects rather than the actors. The study also examined the usage of personal pronouns, finding a higher frequency of third-person pronouns, suggesting a more objective narrative style. These findings offer valuable insights into the linguistic choices of Arab EFL students in academic writing, providing a deeper understanding of their communicative intentions and alignment with academic discourse conventions. The results can guide future research on linguistic patterns in academic writing and help educators support EFL students in improving their writing skills.

Culture and Gender Influence Self-Construal in Mother-Preschooler Reminiscing

ABSTRACT The present study examined how culture and gender influence the self-construal of mothers and their four-year-olds during dyadic reminiscing. Participants were 21 Thai (11 girls, 10 boys) and 21 American (10 girls, 11 boys) mother-child dyads. Thai dyads exhibited a more interdependent self-construal, whereas American dyads exhibited a more independent self-construal, as measured by personal and group pronoun usage and discussions of behavioral expectations, thoughts and feelings, and personal attributes. Girls and boys differed in the extent to which their self-construal was defined in relation to others in their social groups, for example girls mentioned teachers and classmates more than boys. Culture and gender also interacted in influencing self-construal, with Thai girls (but not boys) mentioning family members more than American counterparts. These findings suggest that the development of children’s self-construal, particularly the extent to which children are socialized to view and express themselves independently of others or interdependently with others, differs depending on culture and gender. This work contributes to our understanding of the relationship between autobiographical memory and self during the formative years. Starting as early as preschool, our social environment influences the way we remember our experiences, which in turn shapes our self-construal.

Self-talk: research challenges and opportunities.

In this review, we discuss major measurement and methodological challenges to studying self-talk. We review the assessment of self-talk frequency, studying self-talk in its natural context, personal pronoun usage within self-talk, experiential sampling methods, and the experimental manipulation of self-talk. We highlight new possible research opportunities and discuss recent advances such as brain imaging studies of self-talk, the use of self-talk by robots, and measurement of self-talk in aphasic patients.

"I" am more concrete than "we": Linguistic abstraction and first-person pronoun usage.

There has been much discussion around when people use "I" versus "we" pronouns, and abstract versus concrete communications, as well as how each of these can shape communication effectiveness. In the current research we bring together these separate research streams. Drawing on research arguing that abstract and concrete language are linked with communicative scope, we argue for an association between linguistic abstractness and personal pronoun usage. Across three archival data sets and two experiments, we find support for this association: Speakers who use more concrete language also use more first person singular (vs. plural) pronouns. In two follow-up studies we further find that this association can impact message effectiveness, such that using more first person singular than plural pronouns is increasingly ineffective when using abstract rather than concrete language, and using more concrete language is increasingly effective when using first-person singular rather than plural pronouns. By illustrating the link between linguistic abstraction and pronoun use, we offer insights into previously documented phenomena and suggest a key way of enhancing communication effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Power or Humble: Personal Pronouns Usage in Indonesian President’s Speech

Delivering a speech in the English language has its own difficulties, especially for a non-native English speaker. The most challenging aspect for a non-native English speaker in delivering an English speech is that the speech delivery process may suffer a negative language transfer because of the differences between the speaker’s official language and English grammatical features. This article aimed to explore the personal pronoun usage of the Indonesian President in the 2014 APEC CEO Summit speech. This qualitative research was done by adopting Fairclough (2013)’s discourse analysis pattern. The findings showed that the most frequent personal pronoun that the President used is “we” and “our”. The use of these two indicates that he speaks on behalf of his country, and he has a sense of solidarity with the citizen. Regarding the personal pronoun, his speech only has minor ineffective usage, so it can be concluded that the usage is generally effective. However, we also found that the speech quality can be judged from many aspects, such as the sentence structure, the vocabulary, and the speech delivery method. Every strategy in doing formal speech has its advantages and disadvantages.

Pronouns and Personhood

This paper argues that that to have gender is not having certain reproductive anatomy, but is instead the social meaning of sex. Gender has now become a social construct imposed upon the human person, thwarting their ability to identify as the social gender they subscribe to. Because we seek to identify and organize persons into socio-sexual hierarchy, the gender revolution of the twenty-first century, especially through the identification of personal pronouns, poses al arger question, greater than one of gender orientation. While sociologists are addressing the recent effects of personal pronoun usage, the purpose of this inquiry is to acknowledge the lack of new research material in philosophy and gender/queer theory, an interdisciplinary field that requires attention. I propose a reevaluation of the problems of gender identity along with the intersection of free will and biological determinism and to fill in the gaps in previous thinking surrounding social construction, the self, and personhood—all questions prompted by the gender revolution.

MORPHOLOGY OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE LOWER CHEPTSA DIALECT OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE

The article is devoted to the description of the peculiarities of the pronominal deixis in the Lower Cheptsa dialect which is a part of the Northern Udmurt dialect. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive research of system of pronouns in the context of territorial varieties of Udmurt language. The Lower Cheptsa dialect developed isolatedly from the basic area of distribution of the Udmurt dialects, as a result of which a number of features were formed in its language system. The paper considers the morphological structure and usage of personal pronouns. The author focuses on specific characteristics distinguishing the studied dialect from other Northern Udmurt subdialects. The study demonstrates that in the Lower Cheptsa dialect the nominative forms of personal pronouns largely coincide with the corresponding such pronouns of other Udmurt dialects. The researcher also highlights characteristic phenomena in the inflectional system of personal pronouns, reveals some features in the number of cases, analyzes the functioning of a series of secondary spatial cases with marker -n′- , and focuses on specific phenomena in the form of some cases. In particular, distinctive features of a morphonological nature are observed in the design of accusative forms of the 1 and 2 person plural pronouns, in special ways of forming instrumental forms of the 1 and 2 person pronouns in the singular and plural. Linguistic data are analyzed and interpreted in the context of the Udmurt language dialectic landscape. The data presented show that according to the main features of inflection of personal pronouns the Lower Cheptsa dialect bears closest similarities to the Middle Cheptsa subdialects of the Northern Udmurt dialect. The research is based on the materials collected by the author during several expeditions to the Lower Cheptsa Udmurts from 2014 to 2017.

Cinsiyet ve İngilizceyi ikinci ve yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrenciler tarafından İngilizce kişi zamirlerinin kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin bir analizi

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between gender and personal pronoun usage from a sociolinguistic perspective. The study was conducted in an educational setting with Turkish learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) enrolled in the first year of an undergraduate teacher training program at a government university in Izmir, Turkey and learners of English as a second language (ESL) attending an Immersion Program at a government university in New York, U.S. Data were collected via essays, which were analyzed for any significant differences among personal pronoun usage by both groups and between males and females in their use of the pronouns. Data were also examined to find out whether the use of pronouns carried any social meanings. The results of the paired-samples t-tests showed that the ESL learners as a whole as well as the male and female ESL learners used ‘I’ at a significantly higher rate than the other pronouns. No significant differences were observed between males and females in both groups regarding the use of personal pronouns. The results are discussed in accordance with the social motivations for the use of certain pronouns and recommendations are provided with respect to the teaching of personal pronouns in writing classrooms.

Production and comprehension of pronouns in individuals with autism: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

This research compared pronoun use in individuals with autism and typically developing peers. Meta-analysis and systematic review of 20 selected articles were used to determine whether significant differences existed in the use of pronouns overall as well as in personal, ambiguous, possessive, reflexive, and clitic pronoun usage. Summary effects indicated significant differences between individuals with autism and their typically developing peers in the use of pronouns overall as well as in ambiguous, clitic, and reflexive pronoun usage, but not in personal and possessive pronoun usage. Results indicate wide variation in the way individuals with autism use pronouns. Since individual outcomes appear to be moderated by multiple factors, including cognitive ability, first language, and overall language development, it is recommended these be considered in assessment and treatment.

Comparison of personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages

The role of pronouns is to replace nouns or noun phrases in the sentences. Personal pronouns replace proper and common nouns, so we do not have to repeat them. This article compares personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. The most important point in the analysis is cultural aspect and its influence on the usage of personal pronouns. The article will reveal the influence of such cultural aspects like politeness and kinship based on example of personal pronoun "you" in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. Influence of formal and informal speech on denoting personal pronouns in Indonesian and Uzbek languages. The analysis will occur on the basis of examples that were taken from the sources which are given in the references.

Personal pronoun usage in maternal input to infants at high vs. low risk for autism spectrum disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prone to personal pronoun difficulties. This paper investigates maternal input as a potential contributing factor, focusing on an early developmental stage before ASD diagnosis. Using Quigley and McNally's (2013) corpus of maternal speech to infants (3-19 months; N = 19) who are either at high or low risk for a diagnosis of ASD (Quigley & McNally, 2013), we asked whether mothers used fewer pronouns with high-risk infants. Indeed, high-risk infants heard fewer second-person pronouns relative to their names than low-risk infants. We further investigated the contexts in which mothers were using infants' names. Our results indicated that mothers of high-risk infants often used the infants' names simply to get their attention by calling them. We suggest that high-risk infants may thus hear relatively fewer pronouns because their mothers spend more time trying to get their attention. This may be related to differences in social-communicative behavior between low-risk and high-risk infants.

Folk perception of variation in Cavite Chabacano

AbstractCavite Chabacano, an endangered creole language spoken in Cavite City, Philippines, has dialectal variation that can be traced to the settlement patterns established by the Spanish during the colonial era. This study focuses on Cavite Chabacano speakers’ metalinguistic awareness of dialectal variation, what their attitudes are toward it, and how they believe the different dialects are influenced by the superstrate Spanish or the substrate Tagalog. Participants’ comments during a map-labeling task show where Chabacano is still believed to be spoken and reveal that they have high metalinguistic awareness of variation in the vowel system and in second person pronoun usage. The Chabacano spoken in the San Roque district is perceived to have the closest relationship to Spanish, despite having more substrate influence in the vowel system. This study demonstrates the usefulness of perceptual dialectology for endangered language documentation and for studying variation and language attitudes in small communities and creole or other multilingual settings.

Do features that associate managers with a message magnify investors’ reactions to narrative disclosures?

We test whether investors react more strongly to narrative disclosures when the CEO's presence or association with the message is more salient in the disclosure, holding all other information constant. In our first experiment, we manipulate whether a CEO uses more personal pronouns (e.g., “I” and “our” rather than “the company” and “its”) in an assertion about whether the firm is “likely” or “unlikely” to win a lawsuit. We find investors' beliefs about the outcome of the lawsuit align more closely with the CEO's assertion when the disclosure contains more personal pronouns. Experiments 2 and 3 manipulate the extent of the CEO's association with the message and whether the disclosure contains good or bad news. In the second experiment, we manipulate whether a disclosure uses more personal pronouns. In the third experiment, we manipulate whether a disclosure does or does not contain a photo of the CEO. Both manipulations of association with the message lead to stronger reactions from investors in between-subjects tests. That is, when news is good (bad), including either more personal pronouns or the CEO's photo leads to more positive (negative) assessments of firm value. We also find that, within-subjects, both manipulations are perceived as indicating greater association with the message, but participants do not expect an effect on investment evaluations. In a fourth experiment, we provide additional evidence that personal pronoun usage affects investor reactions by increasing the perceived credibility of the disclosure.

Pronominal anaphoric strategies in the West Saxon dialect of Old English

Building on previous studies that have discussed pronominal referencing in Old English (Traugott 1992; van Gelderen 2013; van Kemenade & Los 2017), the present study analyses the pronominal anaphoric strategies of the West Saxon dialect of Old English based on a quantitative and qualitative study of personal and demonstrative pronoun usage across a selection of late (postc. AD 900) Old English prose text types. The historical data discussed in the present study provide important additional support for modern cognitive and psycholinguistic theory. In line with the cognitive/psycholinguistic literature on the distribution of pronouns in Modern German (Bosch & Umbach 2007), the information-structural properties of referents rather than the grammatical role of the pronoun's antecedent most accurately explain the personal pronoun vs demonstrative pronoun contrast in the West Saxon dialect of Old English. The findings also highlight how issues pertaining to style, such as the author–writer relationship, text type, subject matter and the conventionalism propagated by text tradition, influence anaphoric strategies in Old English.

Personal Deixis ja [I] and ty [you] in the Mother’s Speech Directed to a Child under Three Years

Abstract The longitudinal case study of the usage of personal deixis I and you in the mother’s speech directed to her first born child from the age of 6 months to 3 years is based on the analysis of 30 one-hour recordings of their interaction transcribed via CHAT in Childes. The focus is on one aspect of the child directed speech register, which is its variability in time. In the longitude of 30 months the number of occurrences of personal pronoun you is constantly decreasing while the number of personal pronoun I is constantly increasing in mother’s speech directed to the child. The communicative functions which are being fulfilled by usage of personal pronouns I and you are also changing in time due to the development of the child’s cognitive and speaking abilities. New communicative function while using personal pronoun I such as explanation to the child occurs in her 33rd month. New communicative function while using personal pronoun you such as role play starts at her age of 20th month and mother’s repetitions of the child’s statements as the display of mother’s understanding occur from the 31st month. Other functions are fading in time such as commenting on the child’s physical abilities, which is dominant to her 17th month and commenting on the child’s state, which occurs up to one year of her age.

成人日本語学習者における人称代名詞の使用―僕と俺を中心に―

成人日本語学習者における人称代名詞の使用―僕と俺を中心に―

STUDENT’S MISTAKES AS MIRROR OF STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PORTUGUESE AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

The present work touches on several structural differences between Russian and Portuguese which cause students to make typical mistakes while translating. Causes of mistakes with use of articles are analyzed, cases of wrong words order influenced by the student’s native language are examined, particularities of personal and possessive pronouns usage in address modes and desemantization of the word a gente are investigated. The alternation of anaphoric and cataphoric usage of personal pronouns in Russian and Portuguese phrases, structural distinctions in sentence construction, verbal structure in Portuguese versus nominal structure in Russian, the possibilities of metonymic transfer usage and abstract nouns translation in plural are examined. Separate paragraphs are devoted to demonstrative pronouns usage in anaphoric function, usage of articles o (a),-s in the pronominal function, alternation of perfect/imperfect, indicative/subjunctive modes, expressionof possessive relations with the verbs быть in Russian and ter in Portuguese, and of existential and spatial relations with the verbs быть in Russian and haver/ter in Portuguese are analyzed.

Social variables and Turkish subject pronoun use in New York City: The effect of language contact

AbstractOver recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the influence of social variables on the usage of subject personal pronouns (SPP) in South and Central America as well as in immigrant communities in the USA (

Influential or influenced?

his paper examines gendered speech in a corpus of 10 popular manga (Japanese comics) series, with attention to realism and genre based differences. While traditionally described as a highly gendered language, Japanese recently has appeared to be becoming less so. Manga are often given as one influential factor for these changes, particularly regarding girls’ use of masculine first-person pronouns; however, previous research has been contradictory, and the importance of gendered-genres leads one to anticipate differences in characters’ speech. In response, I looked at two markers of Japanese gendered speech – personal pronouns and sentence-final particles – finding that while personal pronoun usage was generally normative, all genders used a variety of gendered sentence-final particles. While genre-based variations such as more stereotypical speech in manga for boys may reflect narrative differences, I suggest that the data show that manga reflect previously established changes, as with sentence-final particles, thus appearing consistent with reports that mass-media are not a clear source of linguistic change. However, their perception as low texts may be influential in their association with negative changes, even when such claims are not supported empirically, as with personal pronouns. In this way, popular media’s role in changing gendered language is shown to be more complex than commonly assumed.

Changes in Chinese Culture as Examined Through Changes in Personal Pronoun Usage

For the last several decades, Chinese society has experienced transformative changes in its social ecology. Is Chinese culture more individualistic today as a result? The current research examined this question by cross-temporally examining the usage of Chinese personal pronouns associated with individualism–collectivism. A Chinese corpus encompassing the period from 1950 to 2008 was analyzed using the Google Ngram Viewer. Cross-temporal changes in the usages of personal pronouns conceptually associated with individualism–collectivism were non-linear and highly similar to the patterns found for pronouns and non-pronoun words unassociated with individualism–collectivism. Follow-up analyses that disentangled these patterns indicated an increasing usage of individualistic pronouns and a decreasing usage of collectivistic pronouns in recent decades.