Person Marking Research Articles

The way we look at an image or a webpage can reveal personality traits

Personality is a central concept and a cross-domain explanatory factor in psychology to characterize and differentiate individuals. Surprisingly, among the many studies on oculomotor behavior, only a few have investigated how personality influences the exploration of a visual stimulus. Due to the limited number of existing studies, it is still uncertain if markers of personality in eye movements are always observable in eye movements across various exploration contexts. Here, introducing a novel concept of gaze-based signatures of personality, we used visual exploration metrics to detect personality signatures across various exploration contexts (visual search and free-viewing on images and webpages) in 91 participants. Personality data were collected as in the reference paper that validated the French version of the Big Five Inventory. Linear regression analyses demonstrated that while Extraversion and Openness to Experience did not correlate with any particular exploration metric, the other three traits–Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism–correlated robustly with all exploration metrics in different visual exploration contexts. Our study provides evidence for the capture of the gaze-based signature of personality from very brief eye movement recordings.

TRAINING THE AUGMENTED INTERPRETER TODAY

The paper addresses decoding and interpretation of evaluative senses of diminutive and augmentative designations of person. The empirical corpus is constituted by the lexical units selected from lexicographic sources according to a number of criteria, among which are the following: a marker of person in the lexicographic definition, a morphological or syntactic marker of diminutivity and augmentativity in the lexical unit structure, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation marker in the definition, a connotational label. The methods of componential, structural, and linguocultural analysis as well as a descriptive method have been applied to bring into the open evaluative semantics of diminutives and augmentatives. Diminutive and augmentative designations of person are axiologically complicated. Alongside the meaning of diminution and augmentation they express emotional, evaluative, expressive, and stylistic connotations. Axiological potential of the vocabulary layer in question is of great importance for decoding the English speaking community values’ worldview. All diminutives and augmentatives of the corpus are ascertained to have a particular evaluative meaning. Ethical, aesthetic and intellectual evaluations are the most frequent, with emotional, hedonic and normative evaluations being less frequent. Behaviour, appearance, and intelligence are the most important bases for evaluating a person in the English cultural community. Diminutive and augmentative designations of person with rational-emotional and emotional semantics prevail, while designations with rational evaluation are few in number. Evaluative asymmetry also manifests itself in prevalence of pejorative diminutive and augmentative designations. Quantitative evaluation of diminutives and augmentatives is motivated by semantics of the root morpheme, morphological or syntactic marker and depends on the context of use.

The effect of an app-based dietary education on dietary intake and cardiometabolic risk markers in persons with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

The effect of an app-based dietary education on dietary intake and cardiometabolic risk markers in persons with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

Disentangling periodic and aperiodic resting EEG correlates of personality

Previous studies of resting electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of personality traits have conflated periodic and aperiodic sources of EEG signals. Because these are associated with different underlying neural dynamics, disentangling them can avoid measurement confounds and clarify findings. In a large sample (n = 300), we investigated how disentangling these activities impacts findings related to two research programs within personality neuroscience. In Study 1 we examined associations between Extraversion and two putative markers of reward sensitivity—Left Frontal Alpha asymmetry (LFA) and Frontal-Posterior Theta (FPT). In Study 2 we used machine learning to predict personality trait scores from resting EEG. In both studies, power within each EEG frequency bin was quantified as both total power and separate contributions of periodic and aperiodic activity. In Study 1, total power LFA and FPT correlated negatively with Extraversion (r ∼ -0.14), but there was no relation when LFA and FPT were derived only from periodic activity. In Study 2, all Big Five traits could be decoded from periodic power (r ∼ 0.20), and Agreeableness could also be decoded from total power and from aperiodic indices. Taken together, these results show how separation of periodic and aperiodic activity in resting EEG may clarify findings in personality neuroscience. Disentangling these signals allows for more reliable findings relating to periodic EEG markers of personality, and highlights novel aperiodic markers to be explored in future research.

Mapping personality markers in a Portuguese sample: The factor structure, reliability and incremental validity of the Big Five Mini-Markers

This study reports the psychometric characteristics of a Portuguese form of the 40-item Big Five Mini-Markers, relying upon a cross-sectional design with a sample of 673 Portuguese undergraduates from a Portuguese public university. Results supported the five-factor structure of the translated version and the internal consistency levels of the sub-scales were equivalent to the original version. However, nine items were identified as problematic and dropped from the analysis, due to low component loadings or relatively high cross-loadings. Further evidence from the remaining 31 items supported this instrument’s incremental validity for predicting students’ self-handicapping behaviours over previous academic achievement. Key implications for further research with the Portuguese version of this instrument are briefly presented and discussed.

The subject and non-subject agreements in the Yemsa relative clauses

This study aims to elucidate the subject and non-subject agreement mechanisms within Yemsa relative clauses, an area not comprehensively covered by existing research. By analysing these agreement forms, the study seeks to bridge the identified gap in the understanding of Yemsa’s syntactic structures. The research questions guiding this study focus on the mechanisms through which subject agreements are manifested in Yemsa's relative clauses and the morphological markers they employ, alongside an examination of how non-subject agreements within these clauses diverge from subject agreements. The data were collected through the elicitation technique through informant interviews about subject and non-subject agreements in the Yemsa relative clauses. The data were analysed using a descriptive approach. The person-marker inventories are suffixes. Siewierska’s Prominence Hierarchy works in Yemsa. The order of the suffixes is modifier > head. Person markers simultaneously indicate masculine and feminine referents and numbers. Siewierska’s Predicate Hierarchy works on Yemsa. The suffix element -nà appears in the relative verbs. The word order in the relative clause is (O)VS. The nominative case is unmarked, whereas the accusative case is marked. The subject argument is expressed in the same manner as an independent clause. The description of the subject and the non-subject agreement in the Yemsa relative clauses has significant implications for developing the general features of Omotic and Afroasiatic languages. The study will serve as an input for the preparation of pedagogical materials in the language.

Association of carotid atherosclerosis markers with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes: a causal mediation analysis with glucose variation.

Glucose variation (GV) is independently associated with mortality in patients with diabetes. However, no study has examined the effects of carotid atherosclerosis markers on mortality after considering GV. Our purpose is to investigate the independent effects of carotid atherosclerosis markers in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after considering GV and the mediation effects of carotid atherosclerosis markers on associations between GV with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study is a retrospective cohort study including 3628 persons with T2DM who were admitted to a medical center between January 01, 2001 and October 31, 2021. GV was defined as a coefficient of variation (CV) of repeated measurements within a year before the index date (date of first IMT assessment). Carotid atherosclerosis markers included intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque, and stenosis. The outcomes consisted of all-cause and expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were applied. Among the participants, 286 (7.9%) had IMT ≥ 2mm, 2834 (78.1%) had carotid plaque, and 464 (12.8%) had carotid stenosis ≥ 50%. When GV was considered, IMT, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis were significant factors for all-cause mortality (except IMT considering HbA1c-CV) and expanded CVD mortality. IMT was a significant mediator in the associations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-CV with all-cause and expanded CVD mortality (2 and 3.19%, respectively), and carotid stenosis was a significant mediator in the association between FPG-CV and expanded CVD mortality (3.83%). Our statistical evaluations show suggests that carotid atherosclerosis markers are important predictors of CVD mortality in persons with T2DM if GV is considered. In addition, IMT and carotid stenosis were significant mediators in the association between GV and mortality.

‘Somewhere Someone Testified’: The Hermeneutical Function of Indefinite Citation Formulae in the Epistle to the Hebrews

AbstractThe author to the Hebrews makes the seemingly strange choice to introduce two quotations from the LXX with indefinite markers (Heb 2.6; 4.4). While some commentators do not consider these introductions, others have argued that they function either rhetorically to engage the audience or theologically to highlight the divine speaker. This article argues that a hermeneutical function better explains the author's choices: the author uses the indefiniteness to guide his audience in how to interpret each quoted passage. The author uses the indefinite marker of place (που) to remove both Gen 2.2 and Ps 8.5–7 LXX from their salvation-historical context; this results in the rest of God (Heb 3–4) and the role of humanity within creation (Heb 2) applying equally to the present and the coming ages. He pairs this with the indefinite marker of person (τις) in his introduction to Ps 8 to indicate that the audience should not interpret it prosopologically as the speech of the Son to the Father; rather the Psalm testifies to the role of humanity within the present and the coming worlds, a role which the Son incarnate fulfils. This hermeneutical explanation aligns with other instances of indefinite citation markers in Second Temple Judaism, most notably in Philo. This argument, therefore, both adds depth to the characterisation of the author as a careful reader of Scripture and brings out the intended meaning and function of Ps 8 and Gen 2 in the discourse of Hebrews more clearly.

A Civil War Surgeon’s Pit at Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia

AbstractHuman bone fragments were discovered during archaeological monitoring of earth moving on Manassas National Battlefield Park in Virginia. Later mitigation recovered bones in situ—two skeletons and seven amputated limbs. Interdisciplinary research affords an unusually detailed level of interpretation, including identification of the remains as Union soldiers wounded during the Battle of Second Manassas (28–30 August 1862). The reconstructed narrative includes military and personal markers of identity, as well as causes of death and injury, and establishes a window from 1 to 6 September 1862 when the pit was dug. Records of Union surgeons make future personal identification of the amputated limbs possible and confirm the pit’s location as a key treatment center after Second Manassas, a battle that marked an inflection point for combat military medicine by highlighting the urgent need for improved systematic recovery and treatment of the wounded.

Personality Markers as Social Markers in Selected English Dramatic Texts

للدوال الاجتماعية أهمية كبيرة يمكن استعمالها في تحديد هوية المتحدث وتصنيفه، وتعتمد هذه الدوال على الاختلافات بين الأفراد؛ فبزوال هذا الاختلاف لن يتم الكشف عن العلامات الاجتماعية وعلى سبيل المثال: في الدراما الإنجليزية يُظهر الكتاب المشاركين أو الممثلين كأمثلة لأشخاص في الحياة الواقعية، مما يعكس مشاكلهم الاجتماعية وقضاياهم السياسية من خلال لغتهم يُظهر الناس شخصياتهم من خلال سلوكهم في مواقف معينة ومن خلال هوياتهم الاجتماعية اعتمدت هذه الدراسة فقط على المؤشرات الاجتماعية التي قد يستعملونها في حديثهم الفوري؛ لتحديد نوع الشخصية التي ينتمون إليها، وتستعمل الشخصيات في مسرحية "الأسلحة والرجل" للمخرج برنارد شو إشارات الكلام للكشف عن مواقفهم النفسية، يُظهر ميلر في مسرحيته "موت بائع متجول" لجمهوره أيضًا كيف يمكن للظروف الاجتماعية السيئة أن تجعل الناس يستعملون الكثير من المشاعر السلبية التي من الممكن أن تحدد كيفية توظيف دوال اجتماعية بكثرة عن غيرها من الدوال.

Consonant clusters and verb stems: making sense of distributional gaps

This paper investigates an apparent gap in the distribution of nasal + stop clusters, as well as certain aspects of the diachronic emergence of this gap, in Latin and Hungarian. The phenomenon investigated is the absence of a frequent consonant cluster ([nt] in Latin, [ŋk] in Hungarian) from a position at the end of verb stems. An important property of the missing consonant cluster in both languages is that it also functions as a person marker in the verbal inflection. It is argued that in Latin this gap is functionally motivated: it represents a case of syntagmatic pressure to avoid repeating the same sequence at too close an interval. In Hungarian, by contrast, the absence of [ŋk] from verb stem-final position is arguably unrelated to the identical phonological form of the 1Plural affix and is simply the result of accidents of diachronic development.

The influence of the Tiflis entourage on the formation of Mykhailo Hrushevsky's personality

The proposed study analyzes issues related to the formation of M. Hrushevsky's personality in Tiflis (Tbilisi) - the cultural center of the South Caucasus, where he spent his youth, studying in a gymnasium. The peculiarities of this region were considered and it was clarified how the entourage of Tiflis influenced the personality of young Mykhaylo. This, in the opinion of the article’s author, is important for a full understanding on the historical significance of the figure of Hrushevsky. In particular, the author draws attention to the influence of the Tiflis entourage in the matter of establishing the personality markers of young Mykhailo – the beginning of his intellectual biography formation, the way of establishing his Ukrainian patriotism, interests in Ukrainian studies, history of Ukraine, literature, folklore. Analysis of M. Hrushevsky's life gymnasium period permits to reveal the combination of creativity, innovation, unusual efficiency, ambition, and perseverance in his activities. Theoretical studies of authoritative foreign and Ukrainian scientists F. Brodel, L. Kjell, D. Ziegler, Ya. Vermenych, P. R. Magochy, S. Maksymenko and others are included in the analysis of the chosen subject. According to the interdisciplinary approach, the article combines elements of regional history, social psychology, and sociology.

Seeing and knowing

AbstractThe paper provides evidence against the claim that perceptual access is commonly encoded in direct evidentials. While visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory perception are conveyed by direct evidentials in contexts where such interpretations are appropriate, in others it is the speaker’s involvement, affectedness and established beliefs which are conveyed. These may be exclusive to the speaker or shared by the addressee. Instead of information source, it is argued that some direct evidentials encode the speaker’s epistemic authority regarding an event based on their primary relation to the event. Epistemic authority concerns the speaker’s rights over knowledge and is therefore a relational concept that captures some of the dynamics between speech act participants in terms of knowledge representation and attribution. Support for this argument comes from the diachronic development of direct evidentials, the effects of co-distribution between direct evidentials and person marking (egophoricity), and patterns of use. Data comes from the literature on evidentiality and frequently cited languages from Tucanoan and Quechuan languages that feature well-described, rich evidential systems.

Person marking in Longxi Qiang

Abstract In Longxi Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language, the verb agreement system is not marking a syntactic function or semantic role. Previous studies of the Qiang language have argued that person markings reflect the person and number of the agent. My analysis based on a large amount of natural data, however, reveals several different uses of person marking. First, person marking does not always agree with the agent. It can also be used to mark non-agent, such as the possessor, recipient, beneficiary, or patient. Second, the person markings in imperatives differ from those in non-imperatives. Finally, person marking may be omitted in certain contexts.

A Case Report on the Restoration of Piercing Hole of Ear Through Ksharakarma

Ornaments are the marker of culture, tradition, status, passion and personality. Sometimes those heavy ornaments cause trauma and recurrent infection in the piercing-hole of ear, which may lead to enlargement of the piercing hole. To restore the, enlarged piercing hole; in Ayurved we have techniques like scraping and suturing of the piercing-hole edges, which is also practiced by modern advanced surgery. Kshara (alkali) is an Anushashtra; it performs the Lekhana (scraping), Chhedana (excision), Bhedana (incision), Ropana (healing) and also ceases the bleeding. Because of these properties, Kshara can also be used to restore the enlarged piercing-hole of ear. The Kshara causes ulceration of the piercing-edges and induces healing through the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling phases. There were inflammation, secretion and gradually the piercing hole healed. Based on this concept, we have tried to restore the piercing hole of the ear through Ksharakarma and an ideal protocol is made for this procedure.

'Boomerang' moves and young adults' mental well-being in the United Kingdom.

In the UK and many other contemporary Western populations, attaining and maintaining residential independence is an important marker of a young person's successful transition to adulthood. However, employment precarity, partnership breakdown, and difficulties in affording housing may mean that some young adults are unable to maintain residential independence and 'boomerang' back to co-reside with their parents. Although a growing body of literature has explored how such counter-transitions affect parents' mental well-being, little is known about effects on the mental health of the young returnees and whether any such effects vary by gender or socio-economic characteristics. We use data from 11 waves (2009-2020) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and focus on young adults aged 21-35 (N=9714). We estimate fixed-effects models to analyse the effect of returning to the parental home on changes in young adults' mental well-being measured using scores on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Over the period of observation, 15% of young adults made one or more moves back to the parental home. The fixed-effects analysis showed that returning to the parental home was associated with a reduction (improvement) in GHQ score, although effects were small and did not vary by gender, employment status, partnership status, or presence of a co-resident biological child. No associations were found with changes in MCS score. Although cross-sectional results from the UK have shown that the mental health of young adults living with parents is worse than that of young adults living independently, we found no evidence that returning to the parental home was associated with a deterioration in young adults' mental health. On the contrary, returns home were associated with a slight reduction in depressive symptoms suggesting that the benefits of parental support may outweigh possible negative impacts of inability to maintain residential independence. Further research in other settings is needed to assess the extent to which these findings reflect the UK context.

Социально-психологические и личностные показатели экстремистской активности представителей околофутбольного движения

Socially approved vector of energy direction of young generation is one of the most important tasks of the state. Attention to formation of young citizens’ worldview involves socio-psychological analysis of numerous factors determining their attitude to themselves, the people around them and society as a whole. The well-timed recognition and prevention of the destructive transformation of natural forms of deviant behavior inherent in teenage and adolescent age is a condition of personal and social well-being. The article is devoted to the study of socio-psychological and personal markers of extremist activity of representatives of the near-football movement. The author solves the research tasks related to the identification and system analysis of factors-indicators that make it possible to characterise extremism as a social and legal-psychological phenomenon; the individual-psychological analysis of the extremist personality in the context of a certain type of his activity - the near-football movement; the definition of the attitude of young generation representatives to the football fans movement, their activity and world view; the identification of optimal social-psychological and organisational-legal ways of counteracting this type of extremist activity. The results of a sociological survey are presented; they give the opportunity to determine the level of sympathy and antipathy of young people to this subcultural phenomenon and also suggest the possibility of transferring the age opposition of teenagers and young people into the criminal sphere through emotional immersion into the ideology and activities of the near-football movement.

L’approche existentielle dans l’accompagnement de personnes au chômage en perte de repères : les processus de construction du sens de la vie et du travail (études de cas)

The guidance design for unemployed people in changing career must increasingly take into account their existential concerns about career meaning. The literature about life and work meaning has highlighted the multifactorial complexity of meaning definition and determinants of meaning. This fact does not facilitate their use in counselling design. Bernaud et al. (2020) “Guidance for life and work meaning” device takes into account this problem; it offers many thinking prospects that organize meaning questioning in order to help people who loosed professional and personal markers. By analyzing an application of this device with the multiple cases method, our article examines how a meaning guidance helps unemployed people in giving a new direction of their career. The study of five cases with chronologic analysis unities shows how various meaning dimensions help people to clarify, to enrich and to transform their initial problematic during accompaniment and how they progress with different rhythms to major personal and vocational decisions.

Xinkan Influence on Ch’orti’ Verbs

This research theorizes that Xinkan, a non-Mayan language, exerted influence on the Ch’orti’ (Mayan) verbs, providing a viable alternative to the claim of direct Ch’olti’-to-Ch’orti’ descent and instead supporting the more traditional view that Ch’orti’ and Ch’olti’ have separate histories. Shared verbal features between Xinkan and Ch’orti’ that are not typically Mayan include (1) a third person prefix a‑ on intransitive verbs in the incompletive aspect, which contrasts with a zero morpheme for the third person in the completive, and (2) the unusual portmanteau marking of incompletive vs. completive through the contrast between prefixed and suffixed person markers respectively (with no tense/aspect markers). Xinkan-Mayan contact has been established by earlier research on lexical borrowings into Xinkan from Mayan and on Xinkan toponyms in the Ch’orti’-Ch’olti’ area.

Morphological process found in Fore language in Papua New Guinea

This study is aimed at finding out what morphological processes and morphological rules represented in Fore Language in Papua New Guinea. The data were morphophonemic and taken from “Laboratory Manual for Morphology and Syntax” Seventh Edition written by Merrified et.al., and published in 2003 about Fore Language of Papua New Guinea. The data consist of pronoun markers including first singular (1s), second singular (2s), third singular (3s), and first plural (1p). The Item-and-Process was used to analyze the morphophonemic data. The researcher found that to construct the person markers in Fore Language, the underlying form of the words should be substituted, inserted, or deleted after attached to the underlying form of the suffix. The rests of the findings will be discussed further.
 Keywords: morphological process; fore language; person marker; morphophonemic; item-and-process