Categories Of Persons Research Articles

LEGAL REGULATION OF THE APPLICATION OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS IN PUBLIC SERVICE IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the legal regulation of the use of political correctness in public service in Ukraine under modern conditions. At the beginning of the study, the prerequisites for the emergence and conditions for the implementation of the idea of political correctness are mentioned. The meaning of the concept of «political correctness» is revealed from different angles, taking into account what exactly is included in it and in what context it is used. It is indicated that the use of political correctness in the public service contributes to the establishment of contacts between different categories of persons, the formation of friendly and neutral relations, the strengthening of humanistic attitudes in society and the strengthening of the public's trust in the government (official apparatus). The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the normative consolidation of the idea of political correctness in international and domestic legal acts. It is found out, that the provisions of the studied international documents contain norms that indirectly regulate the issue of ensuring political correctness in the sphere of public administration and in other social spheres. There is no clear normative definition of the concept of «political correctness» in their provisions. It is established that the national legislation also does not contain a normative definition of the concept of «political correctness», but only establishes the principles of «discrimination-free barriers». These principles are laid down in Art. 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine. On the basis of the specified constitutional norm, legal acts detailing the application of political correctness in public service in Ukraine were adopted at different time intervals. At the end of the article, it is concluded that political correctness in the modern world is an important element of everyday communication, especially in the field of public administration. Political correctness is a standard of socially permissible and acceptable behavior of public officials when communicating with different groups (age, ethnic, sexual, etc.) of the population with the aim of preventing any oppression or humiliation of human honor and dignity, by using stylistically neutral vocabulary and non-verbal communication.

Besides the drinking in alcohol's harm to others: potential economic and environmental factors.

This paper considers how harm from others' drinking is distributed across several economic and environmental factors. Economic, environmental, demographic and drinking measures include: household income, financial disadvantage indicators, home spaciousness; neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES), connections and safety; and respondent's gender, age group and risky drinking status. The paper explores interactions of these factors with harms from the drinking of others in a 2021 survey of 2574 Australian adults. The home's degree of crowding (persons per bedroom) is related to harms from others in the household, while financial disadvantage is related to harm from drinkers outside the household, whether known or strangers. Perceived neighbourhood safety and knowing neighbours are negatively related to harms from the drinking of others outside the household. In multivariate analyses for harms from household members and from strangers, these findings are little affected by three individual factors related to harms from others' drinking: the respondent's gender, age group and risky drinking status. Some economic and ecological factors play an important role in the occurrence of harms from others' drinking, but the relationship varies both between factors and by the category of other person involved.

The diagnostic value of leptin for the detection of liver steatosis in postmenopausal obese women

Introduction. More than half of post-reproductive age women are overweight and obese, which puts them at high risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the abdominal type of obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired leptin secretion develop.Aim. To evaluate the possibilities and diagnostic characteristics of leptin for the determination of liver steatosis in pre-obese and obese women in the early postmenopausal period.Materials and methods. 76 women in the early postmenopausal period were examined, including 63 patients with NAFLD and overweight and obesity with an average age of 50.50 ± 2.16 years and 13 practically healthy women with an average age of 49.29 ± 2.64 years, who underwent an ultrasound examination of the liver, calculation of the HSI index (Hepatic Steatosis Index) and determination of the level of leptin in the blood.Results. Abdominal type of obesity was detected in 84% of patients, the gynoid type was 16%, and the body mass index averaged 33.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2. According to the ultrasound examination and the HSI index, all patients had liver steatosis. Their leptin levels significantly exceeded the control data (p < 0.001) and directly correlated with the severity of steatosis according to the HSI index (r = 0.321; p = 0.010). The threshold value of the serum leptin level in patients with NAFLD was 13 ng/ml with sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 92.3%, respectively.Conclusion. Leptin is a highly informative marker of NAFLD in women with pre-obesity and obesity in the early postmenopausal period, the value of which is higher or equal to 13 ng/ml allows to verify steatosis, less than this value – to exclude it in this category of persons with high diagnostic effectiveness.

Exemption from serving a sentence with probation for pregnant women and women with children under the age of seven as a means of probation: specific problems of application practice

The article highlights certain problems of the judicial practice of applying the institution of exemption from serving a sentence with probation for pregnant women and women with children under the age of seven as a means of probation. It was established that, unlike the general rule on exemption from serving a sentence with probation (Article 75 of the CC of Ukraine), the provisions of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine are mainly focused not on the possibility of correcting a person without isolating him from society, but first, on ensuring the interests of the child. Courts adhere to the same position when, releasing those specified in part 1 of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, persons from serving a sentence with probation, do not motivate the possibility of correction of the specified category without isolation from society. It was found that in many cases the courts also do not consider the interests of the child when deciding provided for in Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the author concluded that courts follow the trend of “automatic” appointment of the institute under investigation, given the fact that the guilty party is pregnant or has a dependent child under the age of seven. The correctness of the legal position of the Supreme Court is emphasized, according to which the “automatic” application by the courts of the norm of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine on the basis of the offender belonging to the category of persons provided for by the specified norm, is inadmissible, since its application must be preceded by an assessment of the person of the offender, the possibility of her correction without isolation from society and ensuring the interests of the child. It has been established that by fixing the provisions regarding the probationary period, which is set for those released from serving a probationary sentence under Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, the legislator did not specify its minimum duration, constructing the relevant norm in such a way that it could be individualized depending on the age of the convicted child. At the same time, the courts in their decisions do not always indicate the specific age of the child, which makes it impossible not only to correctly determine the time limits of the examination period, but also to apply the investigated institute in general. The author found that some courts incorrectly apply the norm of part 1 of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine regarding the determination of the probationary period, as they establish a probationary period that exceeds the time during which a woman can be dismissed from work in connection with pregnancy, childbirth and before the child reaches the age of seven. It was concluded that the correct practice of applying the provisions of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, means of probation are not only the determination of the state of pregnancy or the presence of a minor child in the convicted person and the determination of the probation period until the latter reaches the age of seven, but also taking into account the circumstances of the committed criminal offense, the guilty party and the interests of the child.

Характеристика способов вовлечения в занятие проституцией и организации занятия проституцией, осуществляемых участниками организованных преступных формирований

The article examines the preparatory stage of criminal activity related to the organization of prostitution, including: finding certain categories of persons who form the necessary structural, administrative, personnel and financial foundation for the effective implementation of this type of criminal business; developing rules for interaction between these categories of persons and with the external environment; selecting and equipping places where both direct provision of sexual services and performance of security functions will be carried out, as well as finding means to ensure the commission of crimes. It also describes in detail such methods of involving persons in this illegal activity as fraud, coercion, placing in financial dependence and others. The article considers various categories of persons participating in the organization of prostitution as part of organized groups. The following forms of organizing prostitution are described: street; in a home at the place of residence of the client or the person providing sexual services; organizing the provision of sexual services under the guise of the activities of leisure facilities; hotel, escort services.

Техническое задание в договоре бытового подряда в условиях профессиональной деятельности самозанятых

The article examines the legal regulation of the professional activities of the self-employed. The presented article discusses the issues of the correlation between the professional activities of the self-employed and entrepreneurial activity, the problems of performing work and providing services to this category of persons. The article focuses on the fact that these categories of persons often conclude contracts by correspondence on social networks and messengers, without agreeing on the terms of reference in detail, which in some cases leads to a conflict between the customer and the contractor. This is due to many reasons, including a low level of legal literacy, the peculiarities of providing a particular type of service or work, the unwillingness of the parties to complicate (as it seems to them) the order approval process, the peculiarities of communication between the customer and the contractor (including the widespread use of electronic resources). The form of agreement chosen by the parties deprives them of the opportunity to properly regulate their legal relations and protect their rights.

The interplay of personality pathology and treatment outcome in psychosomatic psychotherapy: A longitudinal analysis using latent change score modelling

IntroductionWhile ample data demonstrate the effectiveness of inpatient psychosomatic treatment, clinical observation and empirical evidence demonstrate that not all patients benefit equally from established therapeutic methods. Especially patients with a comorbid personality disorder often show reduced therapeutic success compared to other patient groups. Due to the heterogeneous and categorical personality assessment, previous studies indicated no uniform direction of this influence. This complicates the derivation of therapeutic recommendations for mental disorders with comorbid personality pathology. MethodsAnalyzing n = 2094 patients from German university hospitals enrolled in the prospective “MEPP” study, we tested the dynamic interaction between dimensionally assessed personality functioning and psychopathology of anxiety and depression. ResultsLongitudinal structural equation modelling replicated the finding that the severity of symptoms at admission predicts symptom improvement within the same symptom domain. In addition, we here report a significant coupling parameter between the baseline level of personality function and the change in general psychopathology - and vice versa. Discussion and conclusionThese results imply that personality pathology at admission hinders the therapeutic improvement in anxiety and depression, and that improvement of personality pathology is hindered by general psychopathology. Furthermore, the covariance between both domains supports the assumption that personality functioning and general psychopathology cannot be clearly distinguished and adversely influence each other. A dimensional assessment of the personality pathology is therefore recommendable for psychotherapy research and targeted therapeutic treatment.

To the issue of the legal status of war veterans and their labor guarantees

Problem setting. For war veterans, as a socially vulnerable group of the population, it is extremely important to realize the right to work with the help of labor guarantees established by law, since work can be an effective way to return a war veteran to civilian life, providing him or her with adequate mental and/or physical activity and distraction from the military past. Labor law is faced with the task of defining the specifics of the legal status of war veterans in terms of realization and observance of their labor rights, and ensuring proper protection of their rights in case of violation. Purpose of research is to analyze the concept of “war veterans” and its composition, to study the legal status of persons recognized by law as war veterans and to improve it, and to review labor guarantees for war veterans as an important element of their legal status. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The doctrine of labor law studied the rights, freedoms and obligations of servicemen, for example, we note the monographic study of V. Pashynskyi, L. Medvid, B. Shamrai, devoted to the legal status and social protection of servicemen, the article of M. M. Shumylo, which examined the guarantees of labor rights of persons called up to the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the war, and the article by N. V. Khortiuk, which focused on the concept and features of military personnel as subjects of labor law. At the same time, no scientific research has been conducted on labor rights and guarantees of war veterans as subjects of labor law. The closest in terms of subject matter is the scientific article by V.P. Kokhan, which is devoted to the mechanisms of employment of war veterans based on the results of professional adaptation. Article’s main body. The article analyzes the concept of “war veterans”, its composition, examines the legal status of persons recognized by law as war veterans, and proposes to improve the legal status of war veterans. The author determines that the legislation links the granting of veteran status with the time limits of a particular war. The disadvantage of this approach is that the separation of the time of experience gained by military personnel leads to an unfair comparison of the contribution of the military who stood up for defense in other historical periods, and as a result, these categories of persons and their family members receive different compensation payments and benefits. This situation is a violation of the principles of equality and fairness of social security law and a manifestation of discrimination in the field of social protection against war veterans. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The article proposes to change the legislative approaches to the concept of “war veterans” and to determine the legal status of this category of persons on the basis of their combat experience rather than the timeframe of military conflicts. The author reviews the labor guarantees of war veterans as an important element of their legal status. It is noted that labor guarantees are an important tool for protecting the labor rights of war veterans who have returned to civilian life, since they are an effective legal mechanism for realizing the social and labor rights of this category of persons. In the field of labor, additional labor guarantees established for war veterans help not only to protect labor rights, but also facilitate a painless and quick transition from military service to civilian life.

The natural law and positivist approaches to legal understanding in the context of revealing the category of legal personality of professional participants in capital markets

This article aims to analyze the main philosophical concepts used in understanding the legal category of legal personality and to conduct a descriptive study of the concepts related to this category that prevail in domestic science. The author of the article substantiates the position that the approaches to the theoretical and legal developments of the category of universal legal personality of legal entities should be based on the natural law type of legal understanding. At the same time, the article analyzes domestic authors’ approaches to understanding the legal category of legal personality and compares these approaches with those prevailing in Western countries. Furthermore, the author attempts to justify the expediency of distinguishing exclusive legal personality, given the positivist approach that underlies the construction of the model of the exclusive type of legal personality of professional participants in capital markets. In our opinion, establishing the exclusive legal personality of legal entities is a state-imposed limitation on their universal legal capacity, such as the ability to participate in certain civil-law relations, considering the social importance of the type of activity carried out by these entities. After all, the proper functioning of capital markets is crucial to the financial stability of the country. Capital markets, along with commodity markets, directly influence the formation of exchange rates by attracting foreign investment into the country’s economy. They can also act as a catalyst for economic growth by accumulating financial resources from the population to create capital-intensive productions with high value-added end products. However, achieving such results depends on the balanced state policy in the field of regulating the activities of professional participants in capital markets. To limit the speculative nature of such entities and ensure sustainable economic development, the scope of their legal capacity is narrowed by directly specifying in the law the types of activities they are permitted to engage in.

Правовая защита лиц, сообщающих о фактах коррупции, и их классификация

Persons reporting corruption may play an important role in disclosing information that would otherwise go unnoticed. Such information can increase the effectiveness of the prevention, detection and investigation of corruption offenses. The article provides examples of measures to protect informants, classifying the following categories of such persons: notifiers with a corresponding fiduciary duty; informants being participants in criminal proceedings; voluntary whistleblowers in criminal proceedings; confidants; anonymous informants and persons reporting corruption at the workplace. A separate group consists of facilitators: those who help the informants in question and also have the right to protection.

Проблемное поле «инвалидности»

The article presents a new version of the challenging field of disability associated with the newly introduced concept of invalency that refers to a category of persons united in groups of social and biological risk in the concept of social and biological security of underprivileged categories of the population.

ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL NUMERACY SKILLS ON LINE AND ANGLE MATERIAL IN CLASS VII IN TERMS OF EXTROVERTED INTROVERTED AND AMBIVERT PERSONALITIES

This research aims to analyze the mathematical numeracy abilities of class VII students with introverted, extroverted and ambivert personalities at SMP Negeri 2 Semarang. The method used was descriptive qualitative with research subjects consisting of 34 students, one student was selected from each personality category based on a questionnaire with 70 question items. The results of the questionnaire showed AAE (introvert), LPA (extrovert), and JRA (ambivert) students as research subjects. Mathematical numeracy ability tests and interviews were carried out to test the validity of the test results through technical triangulation. Indicators of mathematical numeracy abilities include the use of mathematical numbers and symbols, analysis of information in the form of tables, graphs and charts, as well as interpretation of analysis results for decision making. The results showed that introvert and ambivert students met all indicators of numeracy ability, while extrovert students did not. Introvert students can solve problems well, extrovert students tend to be in a hurry and lack details, while ambivert students show quite good results but there are still some answers that are less detailed. This research concludes that mathematical numeracy abilities vary based on student personality.

The theoretical aspect of accessibility in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons with mental disorders: analysis of foreign experience

The urgency of researching this topic is one of the most urgent for Ukrainian society and law enforcement agencies. At this stage, Ukraine is not only about the struggle for independence, for values, Ukraine is primarily about development and innovation. A fairly basic and fundamental vector or direction of the country for guaranteeing human and citizen rights, as well as ensuring a safe environment, has been established. Ratification and adoption of international acts in the field of human rights and freedoms is a step towards increasing the level of protection of citizens’ rights, first of all it shows the country’s responsibility and obligation to meet international standards. Quite often, during the performance of tasks of maintaining public order and fighting crime, police officers, in addition to establishing the facts of crimes, must carry out proper communication, especially with persons who have mental disorders, such as autism (ASD). It is quite interesting that the issue of autism in Ukraine is not new, but it is not sufficiently researched. Especially in the law enforcement system. This article is aimed at theoretical research and coverage of the problem of barrier-freeness in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons who have mental disorders. The work analyzes the foreign experience of the concept of autism in the context of police work and the peculiarities of interaction with persons with various mental disorders. The principles and methods of ensuring unimpeded access to police services and measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication with this category of persons are considered. This study aims to determine the optimal strategies of police interaction with persons with mental disorders in order to ensure safety and protect their rights. On the basis of theoretical research, practical recommendations will be offered regarding the training of police officers in the skills of communication and interaction with this audience in order to improve the quality of service to persons with mental disorders in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine.

GENERAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM FROM ROMANIA

The protection of the rights of national minorities has always been a topic of interest at the international level, but more importantly at the national level, still remaining a topical subject in the contemporary legal landscape. Made out of the need to contribute to the continuous promotion of the protection of the rights of national minorities, through the correct understanding of the legal nature and content of the rights specific to this category of persons, present work, structured in three sections, offers the opportunity to respond to concerns in the field of human rights protection, in general, and the protection of the rights of national minorities at the international level and at the level of the Romanian constitutional system, in particular.

Retention of outer regional, remote, and very remote speech-language pathologists influenced by professional support and community connection

Purpose Addressing the retention challenges faced by non-metropolitan speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is crucial for achieving health services equity in Australia. This study assesses the applicability of previous literature findings to the current context of Australian SLPs. Furthermore, identifying specific factors influencing the retention of SLPs in outer regional, remote, and very remote areas of Australia. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 SLPs, who have been employed in non-metropolitan areas of Australia within the last 5 years. The collected data underwent online screening, with the interviews transcribed and analysed using content analysis techniques. Result Retention rates of non-metropolitan SLPs in Australia were categorised into three themes: professional, personal, and latent. The professional category included professional support, professional development, premature responsibilities, generalist skills, and funding. The personal category included community, family/relationships, burnout, and social justice. The latent themes included finances, management, and faith. Conclusion Retention rates of non-metropolitan SLPs in Australia are influenced by both protective factors and risk factors. Three recommendations to improve community access and reduce the current equity gap are outlined, namely: (a) tailored/bespoke professional education to maintain/enhance the clinical competence required, (b) prioritise community immersion and improve mentoring, and (c) strategies and policies to support SLPs.

HindiPersonalityNet: Personality Detection in Hindi Conversational Data Using Deep Learning with Static Embedding

Personality detection along with other behavioral and cognitive assessment can essentially explain why people act the way they do and can be useful to various online applications such as recommender systems, job screening, matchmaking, and counseling. Additionally, psychometric natural language processing relying on textual cues and distinctive markers in writing style within conversational utterances reveals signs of individual personalities. This work demonstrates a text-based deep neural model, HindiPersonalityNet, of classifying conversations into three personality categories (ambivert, extrovert, introvert) for detecting personality in Hindi conversational data. The model utilizes a gated recurrent unit with BioWordVec embeddings for text classification and is trained/tested on a novel dataset, शख्सियत (pronounced as Shakhsiyat) curated using dialogues from an Indian crime-thriller drama series, Aarya . The model achieves an F1-score of 0.701 and shows the potential for leveraging conversational data from various sources to understand and predict a person's personality traits. It exhibits the ability to capture both semantic and long-distance dependencies in conversations and establishes the effectiveness of our dataset as a benchmark for personality detection in Hindi dialogue data. Further, a comprehensive comparison of various static and dynamic word embedding is done on our standardized dataset to ascertain the most suitable embedding method for personality detection.

On some issues of evaluation of information reflected in income certificates by state (municipal) employees in Russia

The subject of the study is theoretical and practical problems that arise in the activities of personnel departments during supervisory inspections carried out by employees of the prosecutor's office when evaluating information provided on income, expenses and property obligations. The norms of federal legislation establish this obligation and define the categories of persons to whom it applies. When conducting inspections of the provided income certificates, as well as in cases provided for by law and expenses, specialists of personnel departments, as well as prosecutors, in accordance with their existing powers, study the data in order to identify violations of anti-corruption legislation. The result may be the establishment of violations related to the failure to provide false or incomplete information, which leads to the need to establish the form of guilt and intent and resolve the issue of bringing the perpetrators to justice. The main method is the universal (dialectical) method of cognition of social phenomena and processes, which allows them to be considered in constant development and interrelation. General scientific methods such as system and structural-functional analysis are used. The specifics of the research subject determined the choice and use of special legal methods of cognition, such as formal legal and comparative legal methods. As a result of the conducted research, the author concludes that it is necessary to develop and apply clear methods and criteria for evaluating the actions of a state (municipal) employee to provide information on income and expenses. It is also concluded that it is necessary to apply the basic principles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on good faith, reasonableness and legality to understanding the actions of a state (municipal) employee in situations of acquisition or alienation of property by him, his spouse or other related persons, as well as when assessing the situation as an intentionally committed act that directly contradicts the requirements of anti-corruption legislation. The author has developed some recommendations that can be applied in practice, including during the implementation of procedures for controlling the expenses of a state (municipal) employee.

Religious Identity and Deixis in Friday Sermons: A Sociopragmatic Study

As a linguistic phenomenon, deixis holds significant connotations for how discourse, whether verbal or written, is interpreted, especially when it requires understanding the referential and contextual aspects of language in a framework of mutual communication. Deixis assumes a pivotal role in the conveyance of religious messages characterized by guidance and instructional content in the domain of Islamic Friday sermons, thereby contributing significantly to the establishment of religious identity and fostering a sense of connection between the preacher and the audience. Based on Levinson's theoretical viewpoints and sociopragmatic background, the current study examined the active effect of deixis used in Friday sermons delivered by some Muslim preachers. Hence, different types and frequencies of deixis categories have been comprehensively examined. Additionally, the study aimed to elucidate the reasons that led to the predominant type of deixis in both languages English and Arabic, in line with Levinson's focus on communicative choices. From reliable websites, ten sermons in both Arabic and English were downloaded. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to examine the data. The analysis involved examining (80) utterances, with English Islamic Friday sermons employing deixis expressions (133 times) and Arabic Islamic Friday sermons using them (93 times). The results indicated that discoursal and temporal deictic expressions were frequently observed in both languages with the personal category being the most prevalent.

한국어 종결어미 ‘-네’와 중국어 어기조사 ‘啊(a), 呢(ne)’의 대조연구

This paper aims to first confirm that in declarative sentences, the Chinese modal particles ‘啊(a)’ and ‘呢(ne)’ correspond to the Korean ‘-ney(-네)’ with a distinction: ‘啊(a)’ expresses the speaker's emotions, while ‘呢(ne)’ indicates the speaker's content, meaning that the speaker wants the listener to pay attention to what is being said. Additionally, the current Korean ‘-ney(-네)’ is discussed within the categories of evidentiality and mirativity based on its semantic functions. This paper intends to discuss the evidentiality and mirativity of Korean sentence-final ending ‘-ney(-네)’ separately, and to reveal that the corresponding Chinese Modal Particles ‘啊(a)’ and ‘呢(ne)’ also fall within the categories of evidentiality and mirativity in declarative sentences. Evidentiality refers to the observation of information, which varies depending on the observer and is related to the deictic category of person. The Korean sentence-final ending ‘-ney(-네)’ generally has a first-person subject, whereas this study seeks to confirm that the Chinese ‘啊(a)’ and ‘呢(ne)’ are restricted by a second-person subject.

Why Students Choose the European Project Semester Program for Academic Mobility: A Case Study at an Engineering School

European Mobility Programmes promoted by the European Commission have propelled a significant change in students’ mobility across Europe in the last few decades. The European Project Semester (EPS) is one of those programmes. Research has mainly focused on understanding the factors that shape students’ decision to engage in mobility experiences but has not tackled the motivation(s) leading them to opt for that programme in a particular country at a specific institution. This paper aims to understand EPS students’ motivation to elect this programme for their mobility at a particular country/city/institution and hence contribute to help institutions define policies and practices to attract more students to this specific programme. Carried out at the Polytechnic School of Engineering in Porto, a mixed research methodology was followed, considering qualitative and quantitative data equally, and a theoretical framework was devised based on the push–pull factors model. Seventy-seven students participated in the study by filling in a closed-question questionnaire and engaging in focus group sessions. The findings sustained previous research and highlighted that students’ motivation is supported by a combination of factors (personal, professional, academic), among which the personal category was the highest rated. These results show that the motivations for choosing the EPS programme do not differ considerably from those leading students to undertake regular mobility.