Persistence Framework Research Articles

Probability of Detection and Multi-Sensor Persistence of Methane Emissions from Coincident Airborne and Satellite Observations.

Satellites are becoming a widely used measurement tool for methane detection and quantification. The landscape of satellite instruments with some methane point-source quantification capabilities is growing. Combining information across available sensor platforms could be pivotal for understanding trends and uncertainties in source-level emissions. However, to effectively combine information across sensors of varying performance levels, the probability of detection (POD) for all instruments must be well characterized, which is time-consuming and costly, especially for satellites. In August 2023, we timed methane-sensing aerial surveys from the Global Airborne Observatory (GAO) to overlap with observations from the NASA Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT). We show how these coincident observations can be used to determine and verify the detection limits of EMIT and to develop and test a multisensor persistence framework. Under favorable conditions, the 90% POD at 3 for EMIT is 1060. We further derive a Bayesian model to infer probabilistically whether nondetected emissions were truly off, and we validate and show how this model can be used to assess the intermittency of emissions with GAO and EMIT. Time-averaged emission rates from persistent sources can be underestimated if POD is not characterized and if differences in POD across multisensor frameworks are not properly accounted for.

Pasture Performance: Perspectives on Plant Persistence and Renewal in New Zealand Dairy Systems

Pasture systems dominate the landscape of Aotearoa, New Zealand, and are an integral component of sustainable and resilient livestock production. Predicting the response, performance, and dynamics of pasture species and adapting management practices is key to the long-term economic and environmental sustainability and resilience of the agricultural sector. However, there is limited information on the long-term productivity, performance, and persistence of forage cultivars and species for pasture production systems, particularly when linked to grazing and animal performance. Here, we sought to reduce scientific uncertainty, inform modelling efforts, and contribute to a predictive framework for understanding pasture performance, persistence, and renewal. Inter-annual pasture renewal (direct drilling and cultivation) rates vary by region and year, reflecting both opportunity and problem-based drivers, with the highest pasture renewal rates in Waikato and Canterbury on the North and South Island, respectively.

MDB-KCP: persistence framework of in-memory database with CRIU-based container checkpoint in Kubernetes

As the demand for container technology and platforms increases due to the efficiency of IT resources, various workloads are being containerized. Although there are efforts to integrate various workloads into Kubernetes, the most widely used container platform today, the nature of containers makes it challenging to support persistence for memory-centric workloads like in-memory databases. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks of one of the persistence support methods used for in-memory databases in a Kubernetes environment, namely, the data snapshot. To address these issues, we propose a compromise solution of using container checkpoints. Through this approach, we can perform checkpointing without incurring additional memory usage due to CoW, which is a problem in fork-based data snapshots during snapshot creation. Additionally, container checkpointing induces up to 7.1 times less downtime compared to the main process-based data snapshot. Furthermore, during database recovery, it is possible to achieve up to 11.3 times faster recovery compared to the data snapshot method.

Swarm optimized differential evolution and probabilistic extreme learning based intrusion detection in MANET

MANETs are an attracting mechanism foSr several applications, to name a few being rescue functioning, environmental surveillance and so on due to the reason that they allow users to communicate without the utilization of persistent framework. This pliability, although creates additional security proneness. As a consequence of its advantages and growing insistence, MANETs have fascinated a lot of attentiveness from the scientific research community. In spite of that, exposed or unprotected to be more susceptible to several attacks that perpetrate destruction on their performance than any network. Conventional cryptography mechanisms cannot completely safeguard MANETs in terms of susceptibility owing to dispersed nature however these issues can be addressed by using optimization and deep learning techniques-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). In this work, we develop a Binary Swarm Optimized Differential and Method of Moments Probabilistic Extreme Learning (BSOD-MMPEL) node behavior-based IDS for intrusion detection in MANET with minimum training time, misclassification and high precision, accuracy is proposed. Initially, network samples are collected from KDD-CUP-1999 dataset. To ensure robust and significant balance between exploration and exploitation with high probability of convergence to local sub-optima Gudermannian Activation Binary Swarm Optimized Differential Evolution-based Feature Selection is applied. Next, with the selected features, early detection of intrusion employing Method of Moments Probabilistic Extreme Learning Node Behavior-based IDS is designed. Simulations are performed to validate the result. The performance evaluation in terms of precision, accuracy, sensitivity, training time and misclassification rate show that the proposed method outperforms existing IDS in MANET. The proposed BSOD-MMPEL method is achieved to improve precision of 23 % and accuracy of 27 % and reduce training time of 62 % and misclassification rate of 68 % than existing conventional methods.

Life Beyond Ruin: Diné Presence in the Anthropocene

Abstract: This essay is concerned with the overdetermination of frameworks of “ruin” and “loss” in studies of the Anthropocene and the epistemic-political effects of such framings for Indigenous Peoples. While planetary harm is well established, the unique effects of crisis-oriented research on Indigenous Peoples demands critical reflection. I argue that such persistent frameworks of ruin/loss in fact open a space for “settler sustainabilities” to get smuggled in: designs that entrench the status quo of capitalism and colonialism, while at the same time claiming to perform “alternatives.” With little comprehension of Indigenous history, politics, and place, settler sustainabilities effectively further Indigenous dispossession and profit from the loss/ruin ontology. Drawing upon collaborative and ethnographic research with Diné (Navajo) colleagues, and thinking with the growing scholarship in Indigenous political ecology, I show through empirical examples how Diné-led projects of territorial care in fact complicate narratives of loss/ruin as foundational framings for Native lives and landscapes. I suggest that attending to the empirics of innovations on the ground show an historical and decolonial sensibility, offering an ethic of land-based practice in times of crisis that does not accept ruin as the defining condition of possibility and futurity for Diné life.

Increasing STEM Skills, Knowledge and Interest Among Diverse Students: Results from an Intensive Summer Research Program at the University of California, San Francisco

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the UCSF Summer Student Research Program (SSRP) in enhancing research-related skills, academic outcomes, and post-baccalaureate aspirations of underrepresented minority (URM) and non-URM undergraduate students in biomedical sciences and STEM fields. The SSRP, spanning 9 weeks, provides immersive research experiences, structured mentorship, trainings, seminars, and STEM education. Pre- and post-program survey data from eight cohorts (N = 315) were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, MANOVA, and content analysis. Results demonstrate significant gains in critical thinking skills, research abilities, science identity, applied science skills, and readiness for a research career. Notably, participants exhibited improvements in understanding the research process, scientific thinking, science writing, and problem-solving. URM and non-URM students experienced similar gains, highlighting the program’s inclusivity. The SSRP also positively influenced students’ postgraduate aspirations. Some participants expressed heightened interest in pursuing Master of Arts, Ph.D., and M.D. degrees, indicating increased clarity and motivation towards advanced education and research careers. Furthermore, 87% of participants expressed a high likelihood of engaging in future research endeavors, underscoring the program’s sustained impact on research interest. This study underscores the transformative potential of a well-structured, intensive summer research program in significantly enhancing academic outcomes for URM and non-URM students alike. These findings align with the persistence framework, emphasizing the importance of early research experiences, active learning, and learning communities in fostering student success. The SSRP’s effectiveness in improving research skills and post-baccalaureate aspirations suggests its potential in diversifying the STEM fields, biomedical sciences and health-related professions.

An Unknown World: The Academic Experiences of Korean Immigrant Students at Two Universities in Toronto, Canada

Although the participation of immigrant students from diverse cultural backgrounds continues to increase in Canadian universities, there is still a lack of a good understanding of their experiences. This study compared the experiences of nine Korean immigrant students in the sciences and social sciences at two Toronto-based universities and the support resources they utilized. Using Reason’s (2009) persistence framework, different aspects of student experiences, including the transition from high school to university and their academic studies, were examined through semi-structured focus groups and interviews. Research participants commonly had difficulties adjusting to Canadian universities and encountered linguistic difficulties throughout their lecture participation and assessment completion that hindered their persistence toward their goal of graduation. The participants varied in the difficulties they encountered with the disciplinary natures of the sciences and social sciences throughout their studies. The participants developedstrategies of audio-recording lectures, reaching out to their peers and teaching staff, and using online resources to overcome the challenges. Differences in participant experiences between the two universities appeared regarding Korean student groups, which they found as the most beneficial source of support. Suggestions are made to better support the experiences of immigrant students inCanadian universities.

Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Varies with Particle Size and Substrate Conditions in Recirculating Streams.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants are enriched in animal manures, a significant portion of which is land-applied as a soil amendment or as fertilizer, leading to potential AR runoff and microbial pollution in adjacent surface waters. To effectively inform AR monitoring and mitigation efforts, a thorough understanding and description of the persistence and transport of manure-derived AR in flowing waters are needed. We used experimental recirculating mesocosms to assess water-column removal rates of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) originating from a cow manure slurry collected from a dairy farm. We quantified the effect of three benthic (i.e., bottom) substrate variations and particle sizes of manure slurry on water column removal rates. Overall, we observed variation in ARG behavior across substrate treatments and particle sizes. For ARGs associated with small particles, removal rates were higher in mesocosms with a substrate. tetW was typically removed at the highest rates across particle size and treatment, followed by ermB and blaTEM. Our data suggests that both substrate character and particle size exert control on the fate and transport of ARGs in surface waters, laying the foundation for future research in this area to establish a predictive framework for AR persistence and fate in flowing waters.

Multilingualism and persistence in multiple language learning

AbstractFor language learners who aspire to become multilingual, commitment involves a personal journey. Defining persistence as a preoccupation with goal‐focused action directed to a desired future state and drawing on research from cognitive psychology and the mental time travel paradigm, this article presents an identity‐based framework of persistence in multiple language learning. In the framework, persistence is supported through the operation of 3 interconnecting processes: (a) the generation of personally meaningful goals aimed at becoming multilingual, (b) the conjuring of mental images that represent states, events, and values associated with being multilingual, and (c) the integration of representations of multilingualism within an unfolding personal history. To illustrate these processes, data from online sources and research literature exploring language learners’ narrative biographies is used. The relevance of the framework is critically assessed in relation to (a) the development of interventions supporting motivation for foreign language learning, (b) the exploration of motivational processes through narrative‐based inquiry, and (c) the varying linguistic, social, and societal contexts in which multiple language learning takes place.

Persistence and volatility spillovers of bitcoin price to gold and silver prices

The paper investigates persistence, returns and volatility spillovers from the bitcoin market to the gold and silver markets using daily datasets from January 2, 2018 to July 31, 2020 by employing the fractional persistence framework. The results show strong price persistence with bitcoin posing the highest volatility persistence, while silver poses the lowest volatility persistence. The results of multivariate GARCH modelling, using the CCC-VARMA-GARCH model and other lower variants indicate the impossibility of returns spillover between the bitcoin and gold (or silver) market, while there exist bi-directional volatility spillovers. Appropriate portfolio management and hedging strategies render towards the end of the paper require more gold and silver investments in the portfolio of bitcoin to fully have the diversification advantage and reduce risk to the minimum without reducing the expected returns of their portfolio.

Testing Day-Of-The-Week Persistence and Seasonality in Spanish Electricity Energy Prices

Day-of-the-week persistence and seasonality of electricity prices in Spain, spanning 01/01/2006 to 04/11/2021, are investigated by employing updated fractional persistence frameworks in non-linear settings. The results show marginal higher persistence in electricity prices during the working days (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday) compared to weekend days. In all cases, electricity prices are mean-reverting with long-range dependence properties. Results also show that the monthly electricity price series contain no seasonal effect.

Financial market integration of emerging markets: Heavy tails, structural shifts, nonlinearity, and asymmetric persistence

This study examines the financial market integration of emerging markets into international financial markets with regards to the real interest rate parity hypothesis. We focus on accounting for heavy-tailed (non-normal) distributions, structural shifts, nonlinearity, and asymmetric adjustment by utilizing recent methodological developments in unit root analysis. With data from January 2000 to May 2020 for 21 emerging markets, we find that considering heavy-tailed distributions in an asymmetric persistence framework with nonlinearity and structural shifts appears to be crucial in analyzing the financial market integrations of emerging markets. The nonlinear quantile unit root test with smooth structural breaks supports the real interest rate parity hypothesis in 18 out of 21 countries. An interesting result is that the conventional and quantile approaches are unable to support the validity of real interest parity in China. Our findings provide sound implications, which are discussed.

Scaling up a life sciences college career exploration course to foster STEM confidence and career self-efficacy

ABSTRACT Background The role of career interventions and their impact on students’ sense of self and preparation for careers in STEM fields is an underexplored teaching and research area within STEM education. Purpose The purpose of our mixed-methods study was to examine how a life sciences career exploration course at a large public research university in the United States fostered undergraduates’ STEM confidence and career self-efficacy. Guided by a STEM persistence framework, we also sought to establish the analytical value of including a career exploration course to the toolbox of practices, including early research experiences, active learning, and learning communities, that drive increased STEM confidence and motivation. Sample Our study drew on a select sample of final course portfolios (N = 25) and pre-course and post-course survey data (N = 429). Design and methods We utilized a mixed-methods approach and employed both quantitative and qualitative data analysis to demonstrate how a highly-structured and deliberate pedagogical approach to STEM career exploration increased students’ satisfaction with their choice of career path, confidence in staying in their major, confidence in their ability to obtain a job and/or apply to graduate school, and their career self-efficacy. Results The results indicated that students benefited from exposure to diverse career pathways and opportunities to practice the skills needed for conducting career research and making career decisions. Conclusion We find that the structured career course we investigated in this study can serve as a model for institutions interested in offering a large-enrolment STEM career exploration course to provide students effective STEM career advice as well as aid in their development as a STEM-capable workforce.

Tangential Immersion: Increasing Persistence in Boring Consumer Behaviors

AbstractConsumers’ lives are filled with myriad behaviors that can be successfully executed with minimal attention. Many such low-attention behaviors benefit from persistence but are often not performed long enough (e.g., hygiene, exercise). The current work examines consumer persistence-failures through an attentional lens. Specifically, drawing on boredom and resource-matching frameworks, we suggest one key driver of poor consumer persistence is that many behaviors demand less attention than consumers have available, leaving excess attention that leads to boredom and premature abandonment. The current research thus proposes an attention-matching framework for persistence and suggests that concurrently performing a task that engages excess attention will improve the match between attentional demands and available resources, thereby increasing persistence. Five experiments across a range of low-attention behaviors (e.g., toothbrushing, coordination exercise) demonstrate that concurrently performing a task that occupies excess attention (e.g., reading, listening), delays boredom and increases persistence. Moreover, two important boundary conditions arise. First, the focal behavior must require minimal attention, leaving excess attention available to attend to the tangential task. Second, the tangential task must engage excess attention without exceeding attentional capacity. This research provides important theoretical and practical contributions, offering the potential to improve consumer well-being by increasing persistence in low-attention behaviors.

Economic Challenges and Students’ Persistence at Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University (ZEGU) in Zimbabwe

Using Vincent Tinto’s persistence framework and human agency perspective, we ask how economic challenges impact students’ sense of self-efficacy, their sense of belonging and students’ perception of the curriculum. In times of economic difficulties, the importance students attach to education often declines, as they fear to be examples of graduates without jobs. Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University’s (ZEGU) unique Christian outlook is discussed as somewhat stifling the students’ sense of belonging. Despite their initial motivation and desire to complete their university education, financial difficulties are resulting in some students deferring their studies whereas other students are balancing education and survival strategies. As agentic beings, students are strategically calculating and showing resilience to cope with the challenges through being “prisoners of hope,” transactional relationships and entrepreneurial activities.

Correction to: Modification of the third phase in the framework for vertebrate species persistence in urban mosaic environments

In the original publication, the figure 2 was processed incorrectly during the typesetting and publication process. The correct figure is provided in this correction. The original article has been corrected.

EEG neurofeedback improves cycling time to exhaustion

ObjectiveThe role of the brain in endurance performance is frequently debated; surprisingly, few investigations have attempted to improve endurance performance by directly targeting brain activity. One promising but untested approach to modifying brain activity is electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback. Consequently, our experiment is the first to examine an EEG neurofeedback intervention for whole-body endurance performance. MethodWe adopted a two-part experiment. The first consisted of a randomized parallel controlled design. Forty participants were allocated to three experimental groups; increase relative left cortical activity (NFL), increase relative right (NFR), and passive control (CON). They performed a depleting cognitive task, followed by either six 2-min blocks of EEG neurofeedback training (NFL or NFR) or time-matched videos of the neurofeedback display (CON). Next, they performed a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test on a cycle-ergometer. We then tested participants of NFL and NFR groups in an additional experimental visit and administered the opposite neurofeedback training within a fully repeated-measures protocol. ResultsEEG neurofeedback modified brain activity as expected. As hypothesized, the NFL group cycled for over 30% longer than the other groups in the parallel controlled design, NFL: 1382 ± 252 s, NFR: 878 ± 167, CON: 963 ± 117 s. We replicated this result in the repeated-measures design where NFL: 1167 ± 831 s performed 11% longer than NFR: 1049 ± 638 s. There were no differences in pre-exercise fatigue, vigor or self-control; area under the curve group-differences for perceived effort were interpreted within a goal persistence framework. ConclusionThe brief EEG neurofeedback intervention elicited greater relative left frontal cortical activity and enhanced endurance exercise performance.

Modification of the third phase in the framework for vertebrate species persistence in urban mosaic environments.

Urbanisation is rapidly transforming natural landscapes with consequences for biodiversity. Little is documented on the response of African wildlife to urbanisation. We reviewed case studies of vertebrate species' responses to urbanisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to determine trends. Connected habitat mosaics of natural and anthropogenic green spaces are critical for urban wildlife persistence. We present a novel modification to the final of three phases of the framework described by Evans et al. (2010), which documents this sequence for vertebrate species persistence, based on the perspective of our research. Species in suburbia exhibit an initial phase where behavioural and ecological flexibility, life-history traits and phenotypic plasticity either contribute to their success, or they stay at low numbers. Where successful, the next phase is a rapid increase in populations and distribution; anthropogenic food resources and alternate breeding sites are effectively exploited. The modified third phase either continues to spread, plateau or decline.

Climate-driven range shifts reduce persistence of competitors in a perennial plant community.

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on species persistence in diverse natural communities requires a way to account for indirect effects mediated through species interactions. In particular, we expect species to experience major changes in competition as they track favorable climates. Here, we combine experimental data with a recently developed theoretical framework based on coexistence theory to measure the impact of climate-driven range shifts on alpine plant persistence under climate change. We transplanted three co-dominant alpine perennial species to five elevations, creating a maximum of 5°C increase in average growing-season temperature. We statistically modeled species' demographic rates in response to the environment and interpolated species' intrinsic ranges-the environmental mapping of reproduction in the absence of competition. We used low-density population growth rates-species' initial rate of invasion into an established community-as a metric of persistence. Further analysis of low-density growth rates (LGRs) allowed us to parse the direct impacts of climate change from indirect impacts mediated by shifting competition. Our models predict qualitatively different range shifts for each species based on the climate conditions under which growth rates are maximized and where they are zero. Overall, climate change is predicted to increase the intrinsic (competition free) growth rates of all species, as warmer and wetter conditions increase the favorability of alpine habitat. However, these benefits are entirely negated by increased competition arising from greater overlap between competitors in their intrinsic ranges. Species were highly dispersal limited, which can prevent species from tracking shifting intrinsic ranges by reducing population spread rates. Yet dispersal limitation also promoted species' persistence because it promotes persistence mechanisms. Our study demonstrates the complex pathways by which climate change impacts species' persistence by altering their competitive environment, and highlights how a persistence framework based on LGRs can help disentangle impacts.

Integrated Document-based Electronic Health Records Persistence Framework

Electronic health record systems work beyond just recording patients` health data. They have multiple secondary functionalities, such as data reporting and clinical decision support. As each of these systems` workloads has contradictory different needs, managing a multipurpose electronic health record is a challenge. This paper proposes a unified healthcare data framework that can simplify health information system infrastructure. It investigates the suitability of the document-based NoSQL persistence mechanism, storing electronic health records data as a design choice for managing varied complexity ad hoc queries used in operational business intelligence. The performance of the most popular two document-based NoSQL back-ends, Couchbase Server and MongoDB, is compared according to the size of the database and query execution time. Results showed that while MongoDB can execute simple single-document queries nearly in milliseconds. It does not provide satisfactory response time for unplanned complex queries spanning multiple documents. By utilizing its analytics services and multi-dimensional scaling architecture, Couchbase Server multi-node cluster outperforms the response times of MongoDB for both simple and complex healthcare data access patterns. The primary advantage of the proposed tightly coupled EHRs processing framework is its flexibility to manage workload according to changing requirements.