Persistence Of Spermatozoa Research Articles

Effect of pH and neutrophil count on the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of candidiasis rat models.

Sexual violence is a global issue affecting individuals regardless of their relationship to the perpetrator or the setting. Microscopic examination of spermatozoa from vaginal swabs is crucial in investigating cases of sexual intercourse to determine the time of the crime. Factors such as vaginal pH and neutrophil count influence the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina, particularly in conditions like candidiasis, highlighting the need for further research in this area. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH and neutrophil count on the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina with candidiasis. An experimental study was conducted using white rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain, with four male rats providing spermatozoa samples and 32 female rats receiving treatment. The female rats were divided into two groups: the normal group and the candidiasis model group. In both groups, the female rats were given vaginal insemination of spermatozoa. Variables measured included pH, neutrophil count, motility, and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, followed by the Spearman correlation test. The findings revealed that spermatozoa motility lasted up to three minutes in normal rats, whereas in the candidiasis model, it was reduced to two minutes. Additionally, spermatozoa persistence in the vagina lasted up to six days in the normal group compared to up to three days in the candidiasis model. There were significant differences in pH, neutrophil count, motility, and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina between the normal group and the candidiasis model (all had p<0.001). There was a correlation between pH and neutrophil count with the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the rat's vagina (p<0.001). In conclusion, vaginal pH and neutrophil count influence the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of candidiasis rat models.

Impact of biological evidences on DNA profiling of sexual assault cases

The identification of perpetrator involved in crime becomes difficult due to lack of evidence. Biological evidence plays an integral role in establishing link between survivor, suspect, and the scene of crime. The era of eye witness is almost diminished and DNA analysis is necessary for the identification of perpetrator. The loss or degradation of biological traces due to urinating, defecating, douching of genitals, showering and delay in medico-legal examination may yield negative results. The objective of study was to link DNA profiles generated from biological samples to associate suspect with survivor and other parameters affecting the results of DNA profiling. This present study was conducted in the Biology &amp; Serology Division of Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Northern Range, Dharamshala and DNA Division of State Forensic Science Laboratory, Himachal Pradesh, Junga, India. A total of 142 sexual assault cases received for examination during the year 2018 and 2019 were studied. Human spermatozoa were detected in 39 (27.46%) cases and genetic profiles were generated. Spermatozoa were detected even after taking bath and washing of clothes in 3 (2.11%) cases. 10 (7.04%) survivors were menstruating at the time of assault. Hymen was absent in 43 (30.28%) cases followed by old healed tags in 37 (26.06%), recent tears in 15 (10.56%), intact in 9 (6.34%) and partially ruptured in 4 (2.82%) cases. Out of 39 cases, DNA profile resulted as an inclusion of assailant in 27 (19.01%) cases and exclusion in 12 (8.45%) cases. The persistence of spermatozoa on vaginal swabs was found up to 4 days. Only 18 (12.68%) survivors underwent medico-legal examination on first day of assault. The findings clearly showed that early medico-legal examination is of paramount importance to avoid the potential loss of evidence, which directly affects the results of DNA profiling.

Persistence of spermatozoa in the lower genitourinary tract after elapsed time: Should the guidelines be reframed?

Persistence of spermatozoa in the lower genitourinary tract after elapsed time: Should the guidelines be reframed?

Providing Evidence Based Opinions On Time Since Intercourse (TSI) Based On Body Fluid Testing Results Of Internal Samples

A critical evaluation of the current available literature on Time Since Intercourse (TSI) was performed at the Centre of Forensic Sciences (CFS) to determine whether there is scientific support for reliable, evidence based opinions on TSI. The assessment included a review of published scientific literature and internal studies focusing on the persistence of spermatozoa, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen (PSA/p30) from internal samples of living individuals. From this review, it was concluded that, despite variation in sampling methodologies, there is scientific support for the development of TSI estimate guidelines based on the serological testing results from internal swabs and smears.

La azoospermia no debería ofrecerse como resultado de la vasectomía

Vasectomy is a surgical method of male contraception. Azoospermia is offered as result of the technique and this is not always attained, resulting in legal matters. The purpose of this study is to know the number of semen samples needed to discharge a patient after intervention. To identify sperm count on semen analysis at time of discharge. Retrospective study of men who underwent vasectomy in a 15-month period with a 2 year follow up. Consecutive semen analyses up to 5 samples were measured at 2 to 3 months interval in all men who had persistence of spermatozoa. 618 men were intervened, 106 did not bring semen to the laboratory (17%), 2 (0.39%) presented motile sperm and were considered a failure of the technique and excluded. 510 men completed controls. 316 (61.9%) were azoospermic in the first sperm analysis, 74 (14.5%) in the second, 27 (5.2%) in the third, 6 (1.2%) in the fourth and one (0,.%) in the fifth analysis. The remaining 86 men (16.8%) had persistence of immotile sperm in the ejaculate and were less than 100,000/ml. No pregnancy was reported during 2 years follow up or after. Five or more semen analysis can be made after the surgery. Persistence of immotile sperm in the ejaculate is frequent and may exist for a long period afterwards. Immotile sperm count of 100,000/ml or less should be accepted as result of the procedure. The patient should be informed about the fact that persistent immotile sperm can be found in his semen. In the informed consent azoospermia should not be a concern as it is frequent to find immotile sperm in the ejaculate and this is an acceptable issue. As with other contraceptive methods, vasectomy should be offered as a safe method although clearly stating that the possibilities of failure do exist.

The Persistence of Seminal Constituents on Panties After Laundering. Significance to Investigations of Sexual Assault

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the degree to which a regular machine washing of semen-stained panties affected semen identification and DNA profiling of the stain. The tests used for semen identification included: 1) the Fast Blue Test for acid phosphatase, 2) microscopic identification of spermatozoa, and 3) the PSA ABAcard® Test for detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). DNA was analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs). The DNA fragments were sized using gel electrophoresis. Results showed that compared to control semen stains, laundered stains on cotton panties: 1) had reduced but significant numbers of spermatozoa remaining, 2) still tested positive for the presence of PSA, 3) tested negative for acid phosphatase, 4) retained approximately 43% of their DNA, and 5) produced complete DNA profiles. Compared to control semen stains, laundered stains on nylon panties: 1) tested negatively for PSA and acid phosphatase, 2) retained less DNA (<1% of control levels) and spermatozoa than was observed on laundered cotton, and 3) did not always yield DNA profiles. Given this persistence of spermatozoa on cotton, investigators may be able to obtain the DNA typing profile of a perpetrator of sexual assault even after a victim has laundered their clothes.

Persistence of spermatozoa and prostatic acid phosphatase in specimens from deceased individuals during varied postmortem intervals.

The survival of spermatozoa and the persistence of prostatic acid phosphatase has been an area of interest for investigators of sexual assault. However, not much documentation exists concerning the examination of a deceased individual with regard to the postmortem interval and presence of such evidence. The authors reviewed cases referred to the medical examiner's office during a 10-year period. During this time, 199 cases were both autopsied and examined for sexual assault. In particular, these examinations included procurement of swabs for Papanicolaou staining of smears and for quantitation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Most of the victims were female, although a few were male. In the majority of cases, the swabs for smears and prostatic acid phosphatase were taken from oral, vaginal, and anorectal areas in females and oral and anorectal areas in males. The smears all were stained with the routine Papanicolaou stain, and intact spermatozoa and spermatozoan heads were sought. The prostatic acid phosphatase was analyzed by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay method and reported as ng/ml. A level of greater than 100 ng/ml was considered positive. The cases were analyzed with respect to postmortem interval; presence or absence of intact spermatozoa or spermatozoan heads; presence of an elevated prostatic acid phosphatase; body location of the specimen; the time of year; location of the victim; and physical injury (anogenital) of sexual assault. The authors hope that by examining the laboratory evidence of sexual assault, a correlation can be drawn between the presence or absence of such evidence and the aforementioned variables.

The collection of data from findings in cases of sexual assault and the significance of spermatozoa on vaginal, anal and oral swabs

The construction of a database to hold information obtained from the laboratory analysis of items in cases of sexual assault is described. Examples of the usefulness of the database are described. For vaginal, anal and oral swabs, the persistence of spermatozoa in relation to time since intercourse is presented and discussed.

Persistence of spermatozoa in the lower genital tracts of women

Cervicovaginal scrapings from 675 women who had volunteered information about the time of their last coitus and their contraceptive and douching practices were stained with Papanicolaou stain and screened for spermatozoa. Generally, as the interval between coitus and preparation of the smears (postcoital interval) increased, the percentage of smears with spermatozoa and the mean number of spermatozoa per smear decreased, but the percentage of spermatozoa with tails did not change significantly. Spermatozoa were found irregularly after the seventh and rarely after the tenth postcoital day. Vaginal douching, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, coitus interruptus, condoms, and vasectomy were associated with reduced prevalence of spermatozoa in smears. ( JAMA 240:1875-1877, 1978)

Persistence of Spermatozoa in the Lower Genital Tracts of Women

Cervicovaginal scrapings from 675 women who had volunteered information about the time of their last coitus and their contraceptive and douching practices were stained with Papanicoalaou stain and screened for spermatozoa. Generally, as the interval between coitus and preparation of the smears (postcoital interval) increased, the percentage of smears with spermatozoa and the mean number of spermatozoa per smear decreased, but the percentage of spermatozoa with tails did not change significantly. Spermatozoa were found irregularly after the seventh and rarely after the tenth postcoital day. Vaginal douching, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, coitus interruptus, condoms, and vasectomy were associated with reduced prevalence of spermatozoa in smears.

The persistence of seminal constituents in the human vagina

The persistence of spermatozoa, seminal acid phosphatase, choline and seminal blood-roup antigens in the human vagina after sexual intercourse has been studied and the following results obtained. 1. 1. Spermatozoa were usually found up to 3 days after intercourse and were occasionally found up to 6 days afterwards. Smears without spermatozoa were obtained from swabs taken as early as 28 hours, but remained rare until 2 days after intercourse. 2. 2. Seminal acid phosphatase sometimes remained detectable up to 3 days after sexual intercourse. The test was most useful on swabs taken within 1 day and rarely useful after 2 days. 3. 3. Choline was usually only detectable on swabs taken within 1 day of intercourse and even within this time many negative results were obtained. The probability of positive results declined swiftly after 14 hours. 4. 4. Seminal blood-group antigens were only detected at a useful level on swabs taken within 48 hours of intercourse. The chances of obtaining a positive result decreased swiftly with an increasing time interval after intercourse.

Persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina and cervix.

104 white women were studied to determine how long after intercourse sperm could be found in the lower genital tract, and if there were a relation between coitus and the persistence of sperms and the menstrual cycle. The total number of examinations after intercourse was 178. Coital interval varied from 2 hours to 21 days. Attempts were made to relate the last day of the menstrual period to the day of coitus, and the longest interval encountered was 28 days after the period in a cycle of 33 days. Intercourse occurred most frequently in the first postmenstrual week (50%). Positive smears for sperm presence were optimally obtained within 48 hours after coitus. Sperms were found in the cervix up to 12 days after coitus and in the vagina 9 days later. Sperms were also found in the cervix after the menstrual period following coitus before or during the period in 3 cases. It is surmised that the time of persistence of sperms in the cervix may be related to coitus in the second week after the end of the menstrual period.

Influence de la fécondation de la femelle sur le nombre et la taille des œufs pondus: Étude chez Drosophila melanogaster Meig.

Hybrid Drosophila females show two different physiological states, according to whether they are mated or not. When males are present, females manifest a stimulated state (high fecundity and smaller eggs); when males are absent, they are found in an unstimulated state (poor fecundity and bigger eggs). The change from one state into the other is possible at any time in the life of a female. The presence and persistence of spermatozoa in the genital apparatus of the female is the essential factor for maintaining the stimulated state. The possibility of qualitative changes in the endocrine secretions of the females is envisaged as an explanation for variations in egg size.