Persian Cohort Research Articles

Adherence to the planetary health diet index and metabolic syndrome: cross-sectional results from the PERSIAN cohort study

Background/objectivesThe Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was recently introduced to assess adherence to the EAT-Lance recommendations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PHDI and metabolic syndrome (MS).Subjects/methodsWe used the data of 6465 participants from the PERSIAN cohort study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Diet was assessed using a 130-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The PHDI comprises sixteen components and is scored between 0 and 150 points. We first assessed the validity and reliability of the PHDI for this population. We used regression logistic models to assess the relationships between PHDI and MS and its related indicators.ResultsThe average PHDI score was 52.3 ± 9. The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.53.After controlling for age and sex, the PHDI was positively related to the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and was negatively related to carbon and water footprints (p < 0.001). PHDI quartile was negatively associated with MS, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, and abdominal obesity after controlling for confounders (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe validity and reliability of the PHDI were found to be satisfactory for the Iranian population we studied. Our results showed that a higher PHDI was potentially related to a reduced likelihood of MS, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, and abdominal obesity.

Comparison of diet quality indices for predicting metabolic syndrome in Iran: cross-sectional findings from the persian cohort study

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises metabolic irregularities, including hypertension and central obesity, which are influenced by genetic, metabolic, environmental, and dietary factors. As diet and lifestyle are risk factors for MetS, it is important to know which diet quality index better predicts MetS. The aim of this study is to compare the ability of different diet quality indices in predicting MetS and to identify the most effective one.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 5,206 participants aged 35 to 70 engaged in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Study in Iran (PERSIAN) cohort. Assessment of one year’s food intake via a validated 134-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) facilitated the calculation of adherence to five diet quality indices: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and Diet Quality Indices (DQI). While bivariate Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression aided in identifying the strongest correlation and predictor for MetS among the indices.ResultsThis study showed a significant association between adhering to the DASH diet score, Mediterranean diet score, MIND diet score, DII score, and DQI score, and the odds of developing MetS (OR: 0.94, (95% CI: 0.93–0.95), OR: 0.85, (95% CI: 0.81–0.89), OR: 0.84, (95% CI: 0.80–0.89), OR: 1.22, (95%CI: 1.11–1.34), OR: 0.95, (95%CI 0.94–0.96) respectively). Therefore, with each unit increase in DASH diet score, Mediterranean diet score, MIND diet score, DII score, and DQI score, the odds of MetS was reduced by 5.4%, 14.5%, 15.6%, 22%, 5%, respectively. All the indices were correlated with the intake of most of the micronutrients, with the strongest correlations being observed in the DII. DASH diet score aligned with the most favourable MetS biomarker risk, while DII score primarily associated with MetS and could be considered as a predictor for MetS.ConclusionThe present study’s findings reveal that between all these five diet quality indices, the DASH diet score correlates strongly with a favourable biomarker risk profile, while the DII score is predominantly linked to MetS.

Office-based risk equation of Globorisk for prediction of ten-years cardiovascular risk among Iranian population: findings from Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

BackgroundGloborisk is one of the prediction tools for 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, featuring an office-based (non-laboratory-based) version. This version does not require laboratory tests for determining the CVD risk. The present study aims to determine the 10-year CVD risk using the office-based Globorisk model and factors associated with the 10-year CVD risk.MethodsIn this study, baseline data from 6810 individuals participating in the Fasa cohort study, with no history of CVD or stroke, were utilized. The risk equation of the office-based Globorisk model incorporates age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. The Globorisk model categorizes the risk into three groups: low risk (< 10%), moderate risk (10% to < 20%), and high risk (≥ 20%). To identify factors associated with the 10-year CVD risk, the predicted risk was categorized into two groups: <10% and ≥ 10%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with an increased CVD risk.ResultsAccording to the 10-year CVD risk categorization, 78.3%, 16.4%, and 5.3% of men were in the low, moderate, and high risk groups, respectively, while 85.8%, 10.0%, and 4.2%, of women were in the respective risk groups. Multivariable logistic regression results indicated that in men, the 10-year CVD risk decreases with being an opium user, and increases with being illiterate, having abdominal obesity, and low or moderate physical activity compared to high physical activity. In women, being married, and higher fiber consumption decrease the 10-year CVD risk, while being illiterate, low or moderate physical activity compared to high physical activity, having abdominal obesity, opium use, and being in wealth quintiles 1 to 4 compared to quintile 5 increase the risk.ConclusionsConsidering the factors associated with increased CVD risk, there is a need to enhance awareness and modify lifestyle to mitigate and reduce the risk of CVD. Additionally, early identification of individuals at moderate to high risk is essential for preventing disease progression. The use of the office-based Globorisk model can be beneficial in settings where resources are limited for determining the 10-year CVD risk.

Reproductive health and rheumatoid arthritis

IntroductionThe prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been steadily increasing over the last thirty years, particularly among women. Due to the conflicting results of various studies on the link between rheumatoid arthritis and reproductive health, we have undertaken this study to explore their relationship.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized primary data from5557 women involved in the Fasa Persian Cohort in the years 2013 to 2018. The study examined the frequency of RA and its association with various factors related to reproductive health, including age at first pregnancy, number of alive children, history of abortion, and infertility. SPSS software was utilized for data analysis, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.Results5557 women with an average age of 48.6 ± 9.5 years participated. Of these women, 7.2% were diagnosed with rheumatoid disease, with an average onset age of 38.2 ± 15.2. The study did not find a significant correlation between RA and factors such as number of pregnancies, age at first pregnancy, duration of breastfeeding and number of children.ConclusionThe study suggests that the experience of RA is independent of gynecological, obstetric factors, or reproductive life. This finding may provide reassurance to women affected by RA.

Optimal cut-off points of anthropometric and body roundness indices associated with diabetes: Persian (Shahedieh) cohort study.

Diabetes is a chronic and concerning health condition that poses a significant public health challenge. Given that preventing, detecting early, and treating T2DM can enhance public health outcomes, the objective of this study was to identify the most effective obesity indices and determine their optimal cut-off points for predicting the risk of T2DM in an Iranian population. This study was conducted on 8,019 male and female participants aged between 35 and 70 years in the context of Shahedieh cohort study. The ROC curve analysis was utilized to determine the optimal cut-off point of each anthropometric index to predict diabetes in age-sex categories. The overall diabetes incidence in the study population was 2.5%, with 2.5% in men and 2.4% in women. In men, significant differences in most of the anthropometric indices were observed between diabetic individuals and healthy counterparts. This study found that for women 45-65, BMI and weight, and for men under 65 years, weight, WHR, BMI, WC, WHTR, AVI, and BRI are efficient T2DM predictors. The AUC of these indices varied from 0.593 (95% CI: 0.510-0.676) to 0.668 (95% CI: 0.586-0.750) in men, and from 0.587 (95% CI: 0.510-0.664) to 0.644 (95% CI: 0.535-0.754) in women. Anthropometric indices and body roundness are simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive means markers to predict the risk of diabetes. Our findings show that most of the studied indices had acceptable prediction power for men except for elderly. For women over 45 years old, weight and BMI are appropriate predictors. It seems that the approach of reducing diabetes incidence through early detection and primary prevention is achievable.

The association between the history of supplement use (vitamin or mineral) and COVID-19 disease in the persian cohort population

The aim of the study was to examine the association between vitamin and mineral supplement consumption and the possibility of contracting COVID-19 disease in the Persian cohort population in 2020. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 4241 people who were registered in the Cohort Registration System. A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the multivariate association between demographic, health variables, and supplement use and the likelihood that participants were infected with COVID-19. The software used was IBM SPSS 24.0, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Analyze the quantitative variables, if the variable was normal, the independent t-test was used, and if the variable was not normal, the Mann–Whitney test was used. To compare the distribution of qualitative variables in the groups, a chi-square test or, if necessary, a Fisher’s exact test was used. The number of participants in this cohort study was 4241. The average age of the participants in the study was 49.22±8.77. The OR value of age variable 0.989 (95% CI: 0.927–1.056); sex variable (95% CI: 0.238–2.743, OR = 0.808); BMI variable (95% CI: 0.927–1.056, OR = 0.953); vitamin D variable (95% CI: 0.333–6.769, OR = 1.502); omega3 variable (95% CI: 0.410–7.688, OR = 1.776); calcium variable (95% CI: 0.041–3.738, OR = 0.391); calcium variable (95% CI: 0.041–3.738, OR = 391); multiVIT variable (95% CI: 0.211–5.645, OR = 1.090); VitC variable (95% CI: 0.000–0.000, OR = 0.000); vitE variable (95% CI: 0.000–0.000, OR = 0.000); were the interval includes. There were no statistically significant multivariate associations (P 0.05) between the explanatory variables infected with COVID-19. There was only a statistically significant correlation between the use of iron tablets and contracting COVID-19 (P = 0.025). Controlling the variables or identifying causal correlations is not feasible due to the observational nature of the study. The results cannot be safely extrapolated to other regions of the world because the cohort sample was limited to inhabitants of Iran.

The Association of Dietary Indices, Antioxidant Intake and Bioactive Foods with Hypertension in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis regarding Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study

Background: More than half of diabetic patients finally develop hypertension which remarkably increases the risk of multiple complications. This study aims to assess the association between dietary indices, antioxidant intake and bioactive foods, and hypertension in diabetic patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study on baseline data of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study which was conducted on adults in Sheshdeh town and its 24 villages, in Iran from 2014 to 2016. This research included 1229 patients with diabetes. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess three dietary indices (phytochemical index, dietary inflammatory index, and alternative healthy eating index-2010), antioxidant intake, and consumption of bioactive foods. Other lifestyle and demographic factors were also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between independent variables and hypertension. Results: Higher intake of garlic was significantly associated with lower odds of having hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders [adjusted odds ratio (AOR):0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.73-0.97]. Furthermore, female gender [AOR:1.77, 95% CI:1.26-2.49], being older [AOR:1.09, 95% CI:1.08-1.11], having a family history of hypertension [AOR:2.42, 95% CI:1.86-3.16] and higher body mass index (BMI) [AOR:1.1, 95% CI:1.07-1.13] were predictors of having hypertension. Neither dietary indices nor antioxidant intakes were associated with having hypertension in the crude or adjusted models. Conclusion: Garlic consumption is negatively associated with hypertension in diabetic patients. However, female gender, old age, family history of hypertension and higher BMI are positively associated with this condition. Therefore, modifying diet and weight management are recommended for controlling hypertension in this group of patients

Branched-chain amino acids and the risk of hypertension; a persian cohort-based study

BackgroundThe association of hypertension (HTN) and different types of dietary amino acids is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the prevention of HTN.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 4184 people aged 35 to 70 using data from the Sabzevar Persian cohort study in Sabzevar, Iran. Data on dietary intake of BCAAs including leucine, isoleucine, and valine were obtained using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the link between HTN and BCAAs.ResultsThe results showed that participants with HTN had a higher total protein and BCAAs intake than participants with normal BP (P < 0.01). A marginally significant association was found between the risk of HTN with the total intake of BCAAs (OR = 1.018, CI95%: 1.001–1.035, P = 0.04), leucine (OR = 1.040, CI95%:1.002–1.080, P = 0.03), isoleucine (OR = 1.068, CI95%:1.001–1.140, P = 0.04), and valine (OR = 1.060, CI95%:1.003–1.121, P = 0.04). However, the association disappeared after adjusting the total protein and calorie intake.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the dietary intake of BCAAs may be associated with the risk of HTN. Future longitudinal research is warranted.

Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in North East of Iran: a population-based study

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common dietary disorder caused by fatty changes in the liver parenchyma and hepatocytes without alcohol consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of NAFLD in the Mashhad Persian Cohort Study population.MethodThe present population-based cross-sectional study included all PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (POCM), Mashhad, Iran by census sampling method. Eligible participants were divided into two groups due to their NAFLD condition (NAFLD positive or NAFLD negative). All enrolled participants were evaluated based on their clinical aspects, anthropometric measures, laboratory tests, and ultrasound features. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA –version 16). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as the significance level.ResultsA total of 1198 individuals were included in the study, of which 638 (53.3%) were male and the rest were female. The mean age of the participants was 46.89 ± 8.98 years. A total of 246 patients (20.53%) were NAFLD positive, of which 122 (49.59%) were in grade 1, 112 (45.52%) were in grade 2, and 12 (4.87%) were in grade 3. The prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between NAFLD positive and NAFLD negative participants in terms of having a history of hypertension (P = 0.044), body mass index (P < 0.001), body fat percentage (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), liver craniocaudal length (P = 0.012), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.047), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.007), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.001). Further analysis revealed a strong significant association between BMI, previous history of hypertension, higher levels of serum ALT, and NAFLD (P < 0.05).ConclusionIt can be concluded that ultrasound findings accompanied by laboratory AST and ALT level enzymes could be a cost-benefit approach for NAFLD early diagnosis. The craniocaudal size of the liver could be a beneficent marker for estimating the severity of the disease; however, more studies are recommended to evaluate this variable for future practice against the issue.

Framingham risk scores for determination the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in participants with and without the metabolic syndrome: results of the Fasa Persian cohort study

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors and the Framingham risk score (FRS) is a useful metric for measuring the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of the population. The present study aimed to determine the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score in people with and without MetS in a large Iranian cohort study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done using the Fasa cohort. Participants aged ≥ 35 years old were recruited to the study from 2015 to 2016. The FRS was calculated using age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more of the MetS risk factors including triglyceride (TG) level ≥ 150 mg dl− 1, HDL level < 40 mg dl− 1 in men and < 50 mg dl− 1 in women, systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 130/≥85 mmHg or using medicine for hypertension, fasting blood sugar (FBS) level ≥ 100 mg dl− 1 or using diabetes medication and abdominal obesity considered as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm for women and ≥ 102 cm for men. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to estimate the 10- year CVD risk among people with and without MetS.ResultsOf 8949 participants, 1928 people (21.6%) had MetS. The mean age of the participants with and without Mets was 50.4 ± 9.2 years and 46.9 ± 9.1 years respectively. In total 15.3% of participants with MetS and 8.0% of participants without MetS were in the high-risk category of 10-year CVD risk. Among participants with MetS gender, TG, SBP, FBS and in people without MetS gender, TG, SBP, FBS, and HDL showed strong associations with the predicted 10-year CVD risk.ConclusionMale sex and increased SBP, TG, and FBS parameters were strongly associated with increased 10-year risk of CVD in people with and without MetS. In people without MetS, reduced HDL-cholestrol was strongly associated with increased 10-year risk of CVD. The recognition of participant’s TG, blood pressure (BP), FBS and planning appropriate lifestyle interventions related to these characteristics is an important step towards prevention of CVD.

Investigating the role of the built environment, socio-economic status, and lifestyle factors in the prevalence of chronic diseases in Mashhad: PLS-SEM model.

Chronic diseases remain a significant contributor to both mortality and disability in our modern world. Physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet are recognized as significant behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases, which can be influenced by the built environment and socio-economic status (SES). This study aims to investigate the relationship between the built environment, SES, and lifestyle factors with chronic diseases. The current study was conducted in Mashhad's Persian cohort, which included employees from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). In the study, 5,357 participants from the cohort were included. To assess the state of the built environment in Mashhad, a Geographic Information System (GIS) map was created for the city and participants in the Persian Mashhad study. Food intake and physical exercise were used to assess lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess food intake. To assess food intake, the diet quality index was computed. To assess the link between variables, the structural model was created in accordance with the study's objectives, and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized. The chronic diseases were positively associated with male sex (p < 0.001), married (p < 0.001), and higher age (p < 0.001). The chronic diseases were negatively associated with larger family size (p < 0.05), higher SES (p < 0.001), and higher diet quality index (DQI) (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between chronic disease and physical activity. Food intake and socioeconomic status have a direct impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases. It seems that in order to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing economic access, reducing the class gap and increasing literacy and awareness should be emphasized, and in the next step, emphasis should be placed on the built environment.

Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study

ObjectivesExposure to cigarette smoke introduces a large amount of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs. So, smoking can be a risk factor for many diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of active and passive cigarette smoke on the blood lipid profile and dyslipidemia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 5052 individuals who participated in the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between smoking exposure status and lipid profiles.ResultsThe prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal HDL-C, abnormal total cholesterol (TC), abnormal triglyceride (TG), and dyslipidemia were 254 (5.00%), 562 (11.10%), 470 (9.30%), 1008 (20.00%), and 1527 (30.20%), respectively. Adjusting for confounders, it was observed that current smokers had higher odds of having abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 2.90 (2.28–3.69)], abnormal TG [OR (95% CI), 1.71 (1.38–2.13)] and dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI), 1.86 (1.53–2.25)]. Ex-smokers also had greater odds of abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 1.51 (1.06–2.16)] compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to cigarette smoke.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that current smokers had higher TG and lower HDL. So, necessary measures should be taken to reduce smoking. The findings also showed that the prevalence of abnormal TG and HDL in ex-smokers was lower than in current smokers. Therefore, the existence of incentive policies to quit smoking seems necessary.

Age at natural menopause and its determinants in female population of Kharameh cohort study: Comparison of regression, conditional tree and forests.

Natural menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation that occurs after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea without any obvious pathological or physiological cause. The age of this phenomenon has been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the Age at Natural Menopause (ANM) and to identify reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 2517 post-menopausal women aged 40-70 years participating in the first phase of the PERSIAN cohort study of Kharameh, Iran, during 2014-2017. To more accurately detect the determinants of ANM, we applied multiple linear regression beside some machine learning algorithms including conditional tree, conditional forest, and random forest. Then, the fitness of these methods was compared using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean±SD of ANM was 48.95±6.13. Both applied forests provided more accurate results and identified more predictors. However, according to the final comparison, the conditional forest was the most accurate method which recognized that more pregnancies, longer breastfeeding, Fars ethnicity, and urbanization have the greatest impact on later ANM. This study found a wide range of reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. Considering our findings in decision-making can reduce the complications related to this phenomenon and, consequently, improve the quality of life of post-menopausal women.

Age at natural menopause and development of chronic diseases in the female population of Kharameh, Iran: A historical cohort study.

Declines in estradiol levels after menopause have been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of age at natural menopause (ANM) on some of the most common chronic diseases. This historical cohort study was performed on 2636 postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years participating in phase one of the PERSIAN cohort study in Kharameh, Iran, during 2015-2017. The effect of early (<45 years), intermediate (45-53 years), and late menopause (>53 years) on chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid diseases, and depression was assessed using classic logistic regression for diseases with an incidence rate of more than 10% and Firth's logistic regression for diseases with an incidence of less than this amount. The mean age of women was 53.48 ± 8.59. Respectively, early and intermediate menopause was associated with ischemic heart disease (odds ratio [OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.42; p = 0.020), (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13-2.21; p = 0.008) and thyroid diseases (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.64-6.24; p < 0.001), (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.02-3.57; p = 0.042). furthermore, early menopause was a risk factor for diabetes (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-2.00; p = 0.018), depression (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.20-11.79; p = <0.001) and stroke (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.08-9.32; p = 0.034). In this study, women with diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid disorders, and depression had a younger ANM compared to their healthy counterparts. Therefore, applying appropriate strategies to postpone the age of menopause, can reduce the incidence of these types of chronic diseases.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Rheumatic Disorders Among Shahrekord Cohort Study Population: The Use of a Screening Program

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with arthritis rheumatoid using a screening program among Shahrekord cohort study population. The present analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 1043 participants of the PERSIAN cohort study in Shahrekord, Iran. The prevalence of rheumatic disorder (RD) was 57.5% (95% CI: 53-62 %). Females were more likely to develop RD than males (odds ratio [OR]=2.83, P&lt;0.001). Additionally, with increasing age (OR=1.03, P&lt;0.001) and body mass index (OR=1.03, P&lt;0.001), the chance of developing RD increased. Moreover, the chance of developing RD in males with industrial jobs was higher than in males with non-industrial jobs (OR=1.53, P=0.07). The prevalence of RD in this study was high. The female gender, old age, and obesity were among the factors related to RD in this study. As a result, public education is necessary to modify the behavioral pattern and lifestyle.

Polyphenol consumption and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk in adults

In this cross-sectional investigation, the primary objective was to explore the correlation between the consumption of polyphenols and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the adult population participating in the Hoveyzeh cohort. Data from the Hoveyzeh cohort study, part of the Persian Cohort Study, involving 10,009 adults aged 35–70, were analyzed. Exclusions were made for missing data, extreme energy intake, and liver cancer patients. Dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and polyphenol intake was calculated using the Phenol Explorer database. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, were performed to assess the relationship between polyphenol subclasses (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, phenolic acid, and lignin) and NAFLD. Among 9894 participants, those in the highest quintile of total polyphenol (OR 0.65, CI 0.5–0.84; P = 0.007), phenolic acid (OR 0.67, CI 0.52–0.86; P < 0.001), and lignin intake (OR 0.69, CI 0.52–0.87; P = 0.001) demonstrated lower odds of NAFLD compared to the lowest quintile, even after adjusting for confounding factors. However, no significant association was found between total flavonoid intake and NAFLD (OR 1.26, CI 0.96–1.67; P = 0.47). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant inverse association between total polyphenols and NAFLD in women (OR 0.64, CI 0.42–0.93; P = 0.001). Higher intake of total polyphenols, phenolic acid, and lignin was associated with reduced odds of NAFLD among adults in the Hoveyzeh cohort. This suggests that dietary patterns rich in these polyphenols may play a role in mitigating the risk of NAFLD. Further interventional and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and explore potential preventive strategies involving polyphenol-rich diets.

IDF23-0228 Associations of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Diet with Arterial Stiffness in the Persian Cohort of Mashhad

IDF23-0228 Associations of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Diet with Arterial Stiffness in the Persian Cohort of Mashhad

How well do obesity indices predict undiagnosed hypertension in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) adults community population of all ages?

Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment, and mortality and disability worldwide. Since prevention, early detection, and treatment of blood pressure improve public health, the aim of present study was to determine the best obesity indices and estimate the optimal cut-off point for each one to predict the risk of elevated/stage 1 and undiagnosed hypertension in the population of center of Iran based on American ACC/AHA 2020 guidelines. This cross-sectional study was performed on 9715 people who enrolled in 2018 in Persian Adult Cohort in Shahedieh area of Yazd, Iran in 2018. The anthropometric indices including body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC), wrist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to height ratioof individuals, were extracted. The receiver operating characteristiccurve was utilized to determine the optimum cut-off point of each anthropometric index to predict hypertension stages and compare their predictive power by age-sex categories. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. The results showed that BMI has the best predictive power to recognize the risk of elevated/stage 1 hypertension for female (area under the curve[AUC] = 0.72 and optimal cut-off = 30.10 kg/m2) and WC for male (AUC = 0.66 and optimal cut-off = 93.5 cm) in 35-45 age group. BMI had the best predictive power for the risk of undiagnosed hypertension for 35-45 years old male (AUC = 0.73 and optimal cut-off = 28.90 kg/m2) and female (AUC = 0.75 and optimal cut-off = 5.10 kg/m2), and hip circumference revealed similar predictive power for female as well (AUC = 0.75 and optimal cut-off = 112 cm). Based on our findings, BMI and WC, which are simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive means, are the best markers to predict the risk of elevated/stage 1 and undiagnosed hypertension in young Iranians. It shows that the approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention, early detection, and enhancing its treatment is achievable.

The PERSIAN Cohort: Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Employees.

Considering the impact of psychiatric disorders on the productivity of individuals and society's economy, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1282 employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The required data were collected by trained psychologists using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). In this process, psychiatric disorders were considered dependent variables, and demographic variables as independent variables. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and Binary logistic regression in Stata version 17. The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among employees was 14.12%, 12.48%, and 3.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GAD in women was significantly higher than men (17.06% vs. 10.02%, P<0.001). The prevalence of GAD was 42.86%, 15.97%, 13.49%, and 16.67 in widowed, single, married, and divorced employees, respectively (P=0.016). The prevalence of MDD in women was significantly higher than men (16.59% vs. 7.64%, P<0.001). The prevalence of MDD was 16.3%, 11.2%, 9.6%, and 8.56% in employees with Bachelor's, Associate, Master's degree, and High school diploma, respectively (P=0.009). Considering the relatively high prevalence of GAD and MDD among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, strengthening counseling centers in the university and encouraging employees to participate in these centers, and examining them in terms of mental health help identify people at risk of mental disorders in time and provide counseling services to these people.

Identification and Analysis of Dyslipidemia Risk Factors in a Population-Based Study: Data from the Fasa Persian Cohort

Background &amp; Objectives: Dyslipidemia is a major public health issue worldwide characterized by changes in lipid index such as cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG).This manuscript aimed to investigate the associated factors of dyslipidemia in Fasa Persian cohort study. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of Fasa Persian cohort with an initial sample size of 10129 subjects (35-70 years old) in 2021 in Iran. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between covariates and dyslipidemia. Results: The number of males in this study was 4572 and the number of females was 5557. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in them was 40.8% and 27.7%, respectively (p-value &lt; 0.001), and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the whole study population was 3407 (33.6%). Dyslipidemia was also more common in alcoholics, opium users, smokers, high glycemic index and higher body mass index (BMI). Men were 1.68 times more likely to have dyslipidemia than women. Opium and cigarette smokers were 1.15 and 1.36 times more likely to have dyslipidemia than nonsmokers, respectively. Also, as BMI increases, the likelihood of dyslipidemia becomes higher than the reference group (below 18.5), and people with a BMI greater than 30 have the highest obesity range. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the studied population was higher in men than in women and several risk factors such as gender differences, body mass index, smoking and opium use are effective in the prevalence of dyslipidemia.