Perpetuate Gender Stereotypes Research Articles

THE PORTRAYAL OF FEMALE VILLAINS: A REPRESENTATION STUDY ON CRUELLA

The portrayal of female villains in media and movies has evolved significantly, as evidenced through the lens of Stuart Hall's representation theory and film analysis concepts. Traditionally confined to one-dimensional roles perpetuating gender stereotypes, contemporary cinema showcases multi-dimensional characters like those in Cruella, challenging societal norms and defying traditional gender expectations. By employing narrative and non-narrative film analysis techniques, these characters are revealed as agents of subversion and empowerment, embodying a new archetype of female villains characterized by individual agency and autonomy. However, despite this progress, the lingering impact of gender stereotypes persists, influencing how female villains are depicted on screen. Thus, ongoing critical analysis and advocacy for more diverse and authentic representations of women in media remain crucial.

Gender representation and stereotyping in Moroccan print media coverage of the 2023 Haouz Earthquake

ABSTRACT Natural crises often amplify and reflect preexisting societal inequalities, with varying impacts on women across different regions. This research paper examines gender representation in the visual coverage of the 2023 Haouz earthquake. Data was collected from images published in Morocco's leading Arabic newspapers – Assabah, Bayanalyawm, and Alayam. The study analyzes how these visuals frame gender and argues that they reinforce existing gender stereotypes and cultural norms in Moroccan society. The coverage often portrayed women in limited, gender-specific roles, depicting them primarily as helpless victims. While this approach elicited sympathy from readers and donors, motivating immediate support for those affected, it may also have exploited the politics of sympathy, inadvertently perpetuating gender stereotypes.

Inclusive teaching of Italian L2/LS between language and gender identity

In some cases, the teaching of Italian as an L2/LS language continues to perpetuate gender stereotypes, sexist or discriminatory elements. When this is not the case, however, it often fails to offer those approaching the study of Italian the tools and materials to address relevant issues and themes in the contemporary debate such as gender identity and the importance of using inclusive language. Aware that the didactics of Italian can be a fundamental tool for building a context of coexistence of differences, we want to reflect on the Italian situation and present some didactic proposals that can allow to combine in the Italian classroom a language education a reflection on gender identity.

Gender Bias in Academic Writing: Challenges and Equity Strategies

This review synthesizes existing research on the intricate relationship between gender and academic writing, exploring gendered writing styles, perceptions of writing quality, representation in academic publishing, intersectionality with other social identities, and interventions to promote gender equity. Findings reveal nuanced variations in writing practices, with female scholars tending toward more tentative styles and male scholars favoring assertive approaches. Evaluation biases persist, perpetuating gender stereotypes that impact grading and recognition. Structural inequities manifest in academic publishing landscapes, hindering diverse representation. An intersectional lens elucidates the compounding effects of gender, race, class, and disciplinary affiliations. Interventions proposed include gender-neutral guidelines, bias training, diversity initiatives, and institutional policies supporting inclusivity. While progress has been made, ongoing efforts are needed to dismantle persisting biases, address inequities, and cultivate equitable spaces valuing diverse voices in knowledge production. This comprehensive review informs future research directions and institutional strategies toward gender equity in academic writing.

Analysis of Gender Discourse Bias and Gender Discrimination in Social Media: A Case Study of the TikTok Platform

In the contemporary landscape of new media, social media platforms, particularly exemplified by TikTok, offer female users accessible and cost-effective means for self-expression and communication. However, this study reveals that such platforms, despite their apparent openness and liberality, have not effectively challenged or changed the persistent and deep-rooted issue of gender discrimination that women face. This research adopts a qualitative content analysis and specifically focuses on the TikTok platform, where female users frequently encounter various forms of gender discourse bias and discrimination. The findings suggest that female users on TikTok often face stigmatization through the internet lexicon and the commodification of physical appearance, reflecting broader societal issues of gender inequality and objectification. Simultaneously, a segment of the female user base on TikTok is actively engaging in challenging and negotiating these entrenched stereotypes, striving to redefine their representation in the digital space. Furthermore, the research highlights how the anonymity of the internet, the media’s role in encoding and perpetuating gender stereotypes, and the consumerist traps set by capitalist market dynamics, collectively contribute to an illusory facade of gender equality. This facade obscures the underlying realities of discourse bias and gender discrimination that persist in the digital realm.

Women’s Portrayal in Classic Literature and Hollywood’s Golden Age to Determine its Ramifications

Sexism has existed since the beginning of time. Media portrayal is another tool used to control women. In ancient Athens media showed women what would happen to them if they acted out. The character Lysistrata was used to belittle women. Clytemnestra was to warn women to stay in place. There were few female writers and there weren’t even female actresses. During the Golden Age of Cinema media portrayal set false expectations of what a woman should be. Often, they were objectified and had little speaking time. Partly because there weren’t many women working behind the screen. There were little female directors, cinematographers, and writers. Modern media has bettered in its portrayal of women. It still does occasionally perpetuate gender stereotypes and objectify women it is better. The movie Little Women demonstrates that. It empowers women with its portrayal. That movie is directed by a woman, perhaps a line can be drawn that if more women are involved in media creation, the representation will enhance and be positive. This investigation is important to be disseminated so people are aware of the power media has over us and hold it to a standard that creates a positive impact.

Understanding Toxicity in Online Gaming: A Focus on Communication-Based Behaviours towards Female Players in Valorant

Online multiplayer video games have emerged as a significant social platform, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, offering solace and community for many individuals, particularly young people. However, alongside the benefits, online gaming environments have also become breeding grounds for toxic behaviours, disproportionately affecting minority groups within the gaming community, such as women. This study explores toxic behaviours within the competitive gaming environment of Valorant, focusing on communication-based toxicity experienced by female players. Through participative observation and analysis of game recordings, the study identifies various forms of toxicity, including verbal abuse, gender-based harassment, and sexual innuendos. Findings reveal a reluctance among female players to use voice communication due to fear of harassment, perpetuating gender stereotypes and marginalising women within the gaming community. Moreover, the phenomenon of smurfing exacerbates issues within the community, contributing to heightened frustration and hostility, particularly towards minority players. Addressing toxic behaviours in online gaming requires a comprehensive approach involving game developers, community initiatives, and education efforts to promote inclusivity and respect. By fostering a culture of mutual respect, the gaming community can create a safer and more welcoming environment for all players.

Violence on social networks related to the body image of young women and its repercussions on health.

Social networking sites perpetuate gender stereotypes, inequalities, and gender violence, generating adverse health effects. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Instagram, alcohol consumption and effects on health, through interviews and discussion groups involving adolescents (high school or university students and workers), during the period from the third to the sixth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 118 individuals participated in the study. Three coding clusters were identified: (1) Inequality in the representation of men and women on SNSs; (2) Violence towards women's bodies and sexual violence on SNSs; and (3) Health problems derived from violence against women's body image on SNSs. The main focus of our analysis was the exhibition of the female body, in which eroticization of the body prevails and gender roles are perpetuated. Violence is generated towards women in the form of misogynistic attacks for daring to challenge conventional stereotypes. Many interviewees coincide that the main health effects include low self-esteem, anxiety and eating disorders. The institutional response to the abuses and violence committed on SNSs against women is weak, and public policies are needed to protect women in these environments where they are especially vulnerable.

Exploring Nexus of Social Media Algorithms, Content Creators, and Gender Bias: A Systematic Literature Review

Drawing on the PRISMA framework, this study systematically investigates the dynamics between social media algorithms, content creators, and gender bias. An analysis of 18 quantitative and mixed-method studies from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, spanning 2019 to 2023, uncovers three main research trajectories: algorithms' influence on gender bias, their role in shaping content, and the interactions between algorithms, gender bias, and content creators. The review synthesizes diverse theoretical approaches and models, offering comprehensive insights into the complex nexus of algorithms, gender bias, and content creators. The application of varied research methodologies, including experiments, surveys, and content analyses, facilitates a thorough examination of algorithmic impacts. The chosen studies, focusing on different social media platforms and algorithmic features, reflect the varied interests of researchers. The findings reveal that algorithms perpetuate gender stereotypes by processing and learning content imbued with gender biases and further marginalizing gender minorities, reinforcing binary gender norms. The algorithmic curation of popular content also introduces inequities among content creators. Highlighting the need for equitable and inclusive digital environments, this review advocates for ethical content creation and algorithmic practices to mitigate gender bias and foster equality on social media platforms.

Caring leadership in early childhood education in Chile: tensions from a highly gendered context

ABSTRACT Educational leadership at early childhood education (ECE) has been extensively studied. However, evidence from Chile is still scarce. As with many parts of the world, the ECE workforce is very female-heavy and Chile is no exception to this. This situation presents an intriguing context for leadership studies as particularities of a gendered role for women as leaders in Chile has not been a matter of analysis. Leadership in ECE includes a sense of vocation or ‘passion’ for children’s care, development, and learning, called caring leadership. This concept highlights an ethical component, interpersonal relations and a concern for the well-being. This article presents the findings of a three-year study involving 12 women leaders in ECE who established a Professional Learning Community. They were interviewed throughout the research. Findings reveal three tensions. Firstly, leadership is associated with a maternal role, perpetuating gender stereotypes. The second tension addresses the dynamics of personal connections within ECE teams in terms of asymmetry or horizontality. The third tension arises from the significance of caring as a crucial aspect of working in ECE education. These tensions underscore the need for a critical analysis of leadership in ECE, as gender considerations may overlook the complexity of the leaders’ role.

Moroccan TV Advertising in 2023: Towards a Gender- Transformative Agenda

This study examines the contemporary landscape of Moroccan TV advertising in 2023, specifically focusing on its evolutionary trajectory towards the adoption of a gender-transformative agenda. Against the backdrop of heightened societal consciousness regarding gender equality and the imperative of inclusive representation across various domains, including the realm of advertising, this article delves into the concerted efforts undertaken by the Moroccan advertising industry to challenge entrenched gender norms and cultivate a more transformative paradigm. Traditionally, advertising has been culpable of reinforcing and perpetuating gender stereotypes, constraining men and women within narrowly defined roles. However, catalyzed by social movements advocating for equality and inclusivity, advertisers find themselves compelled to reevaluate their approaches, embracing a more encompassing and diverse framework. Given this, this paper employs qualitative content analysis to scrutinize a curated corpus of five Moroccan advertisements, investigating how they challenge prevailing gender portrayals and deviate from perpetuating stereotypical representations. The analysis of the findings reveals the extent to which the selected advertisements actively engage in the transformative representation of gender by challenging rather than nurturing gender stereotypes. It unveils the way the selected advertisements demonstrate a deliberate departure from the stereotypical depiction of women in domestic roles or as passive objects, to portraying them in diverse and empowered positions. Similarly, men are depicted beyond conventional masculine stereotypes, showcasing a broader spectrum of roles and expectations. Accordingly, this study not only provides insights into the current state of Moroccan advertising with regard to gender transformative practices but also contributes to the broader discourse surrounding the role of advertising in promoting gender equality and in

An ethnographic fieldwork: The role of school shows in the reproduction of gender inequalities in Turkey

AbstractThis article explores the processes of creating school shows in primary schools in Turkey and examines how teachers reinforce particular gendered constructions of femininity and masculinity through children's bodies in the making of these performances. Drawing on the insights from the sociology of the body within childhood research, the article is based on an ethnography conducted in a costume shop in Istanbul where teachers rent costumes for the shows, as well as interviews with teachers preparing the shows and observations made during the performances. The research reveals that the shows perpetuate gender norms and stereotypes while reproducing inequalities.

A Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of Gender-Fair Language in Advertisements of Cosmetic Products in Ghana

Gender-fair language challenges and dismantles prevailing societal gender preconceptions. Cosmetic advertisements have been criticized for unfair language choices that perpetuate gender stereotypes. This study is a morphosyntactic examination of gender-fair language in cosmetic advertisements. The social constructionist theory underpins the study. Thirty (30) product packages and labels for the Ghanaian market were used in this qualitative descriptive survey. Gendered terms were analyzed on the morphological level using Quirk et al.’s (1985) functional principle of word categorization. The data collected revealed that Gender-unfair language is prevalent in cosmetic advertisements. Product names, descriptions and claims often use gendered nouns, pronouns, adjectives, phrases of different types and imperative clauses. This reinforces the idea that certain beauty concerns and products are exclusively tailored to specific genders. Gender-unfair language in cosmetic advertisements results in a limited representation of beauty ideals and practices. The use of inclusive language and representations that challenge gender stereotypes and promote diversity was recommended for cosmetic advertisers. The paper provides insight into academic discourse and practical approaches in gender, communication and marketing studies. Keywords: Advertisements, Cosmetics, Gender-Fair Language, Stereotype, Morphosyntactic

GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING: EXPLORING ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER-RESPONSIVE PARENTING

This article delves into the topic of gender-specific differences in parenting and examines the importance of adopting a gender-responsive parenting approach. Parenting practices have traditionally been influenced by gender roles and stereotypes, with mothers and fathers often adopting distinct styles in raising their children. However, with changing societal norms and a deeper understanding of gender dynamics, the concept of gender-responsive parenting has emerged. The article reviews existing research on communication patterns, discipline styles, and gender stereotypes prevalent in parenting. It highlights that mothers tend to emphasize emotional expression and communication, while fathers may lean towards more authoritative and disciplinary methods. Moreover, parents inadvertently perpetuate gender stereotypes by assigning gender-specific activities and expectations to their children. The article underscores the significance of challenging traditional gender norms and promoting gender-inclusive parenting practices. By encouraging open communication and emotional expression in both boys and girls, parents can foster empathy and emotional intelligence. An equitable division of household and caregiving responsibilities is also crucial in nurturing healthier parent-child relationships. The study emphasizes the need for parents to adopt a gender-responsive approach, breaking away from rigid gender stereotypes, and allowing children the freedom to express themselves authentically. By understanding and embracing gender-responsive parenting, we can create a more inclusive and accepting society where all children can flourish, irrespective of their gender. The article concludes with practical recommendations to help parents adopt gender-responsive parenting strategies effectively.

VICTIM BLAMING: LABELING FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

The problem of blaming victims is related to the strong traditions and culture of the community that still perpetuate gender stereotypes. This study aims to examine the implications of patriarchal culture on the position of women as subordinates, the concept of blaming the victim against the women victims of sexual violence and human rights studies on victim blaming and labeling for women victims of sexual violence. The culture of gender injustice in the society makes women often get negative labels, in which the women who look beautiful and dress up using rather tight and sexy clothes are always considered as inviting the opposite sex to commit sexual harassment. This is then always used and associated with labeling of victims of sexual harrasment in which the society tends to blame victims of sexual harrasment or victim blaming. This type of research is a normative juridical research that is prescriptively providing solutions to the legal protection for victims related to victim blaming and labeling women as victims of sexual violence in the view of human rights that difinitely violates the constitution and law.

Gender stereotyping in medical interaction: A Membership Categorization Analysis

ObjectiveGender can be a valuable resource in communication but also a problem, perpetuating gender stereotypes. So far, there has been little attention for how healthcare professionals and patients make gender relevant in medical interactions. The approach of Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) is particularly pertinent to meticulously analyze gender in medical communication. Applying MCA, this study analyzes how activity descriptions implicitly associated with gender stereotypes, e.g., “carrying a laundry basket up the stairs”, feature in the course of GPs’ explanations of a question or diagnosis. The aim is to provide a new perspective on the relationship between gender and medical interaction, and to increase our understanding of how gender stereotypes are reproduced in the medical setting. MethodTwo cases of GPs using gendered explanations in Dutch general practice interactions are analyzed turn-by-turn using MCA. ResultsThe findings show how GPs’ descriptions of gendered activities serve the exemplification of technical terms, designed for the specific patient, while also casting the patient in a traditional gender role. ConclusionInvoking gender in medical interaction may serve a communicative goal while also perpetuating stereotypes. Practice implicationsInsight in the subtleties of gender construction in medical interactions could enhance gender awareness and sensitivity in healthcare.

Dismantling or perpetuating gender stereotypes. – The case of trans rights in the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence

The European Court of Human Rights (the Court) considers gender identity “a fundamental aspect of the right to respect for private life” (AP, Garçon & Nicot v France, 2017), and has taken important steps towards ensuring that this right is implemented in Council of Europe states. The Court has thus held that trans persons cannot be required to undergo “sterilisation surgery or treatment” to have their gender legally recognised by the State (AP, Garçon & Nicot v France). However, where such advancements have opened doors for many trans people to access legal gender recognition without undergoing unwanted or impossible surgeries, certain requirements remain. Where the gender identity of trans persons must be ‘verified’ by a third-party to enable legal gender recognition, this bears the risk of seeing stereotypical visions of gender enforced, devaluing the general aim of dismantling gender stereotypes for all. This paper will analyse gender stereotypes appearing in cases of the Court relating to trans persons, and explore alternatives to the current systems of legal gender recognition, which may aid in dismantling gender stereotypes for persons of all gender identities.

Cinderellas and Pumpkins in the New World: Fairy Tale Reinterpretations for New Approaches to Gender in Education

The objective of this writing is to present indications that can lead to the resignification of gender stereotypes in reinterpretations of traditional fairy tales through Pumpkin (Corteze, 2021), a LGBTQIAPN+ children’s book. The methodological path followed started from the choice of two narratives -in Portuguese- of the short story Cinderella, with original publication by Grimm (1812), one of them available on web pages, and one of them found in the Tell Me Collection (2020) of the Ministry of Brazilian Education. These narratives were compared to the book Pumpkin, which reread the short story Cinderella in order to welcome LGBTQIAPN+ diversities. Thus, it was noticed how the traditional narratives of fairy tales, often used in educational contexts, perpetuate gender stereotypes, and how the rereading of these tales can help in the resignification of such stereotypes.

REPRESENTASI GENDER PADA FILM TILIK MENURUT STUDI SEMIOTIK ROLAND BARTHES

Tilik is a Javanese short film that became a hot topic of conversation after its appearance on the YouTube channel. Tilik emphasizes a certain gender in each scene. As a result, Tilik is seen as perpetuating certain gender stereotypes. The researcher tries to find the meaning behind the gender used as the main character. With wider possibilities for meaning, the researcher also tries to find a deeper meaning that can be found in the Tilik film. Regarding the research objectives, this article poses the following problems: (1) Does Tilik Film perpetuate the stereotype of women? (2) What does the film say about its message? (3) What does the existence of the "truck" say about its function as a container of experience? The object of research is the context of the scenario, images, text, and scenes in the film. This article uses Roland Barthes's qualitative semiotics method. The results of this study indicate that Tilik does not perpetuate gender stereotypes by highlighting a particular gender. On the other hand, Tilik expresses the meaning of social relations in society, struggles in daily life, and the importance of digital literacy as a provision to participate in everyday life by using a certain gender.

ПРО СПЕЦИФІКУ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЙ МАСКУЛІННИХ ОБРАЗІВ У ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМАХ: ЧИ МОЖЛИВА ГЕНДЕРНА РІВНІСТЬ?

The reflection of gender roles and stereotypes in mass culture has significant and far-reaching consequences for any society. Nowadays, mass culture is one of the main agents of socialization, which provides people with a certain set of norms and values. It plays an important role in the development and reproduction of gender norms and gender subjects, as far as socially constructed ideas of gender are reinforced by the dominant narratives. Deeply rooted in the traditional culture, gender models express themselves through mass culture. The support and television broadcasting of the model of hegemonic masculinity and the devaluation of femininity contributes to the internalization of these ideas by consumers of mass culture. This leads to the negative consequences both for the consumers and society perpetuating gender stereotypes and gender inequality, which is a huge loss of human potential for both women and men, and prevents them from creating their own projects for the future, from forming effective patterns of behavior that are in line with the contemporary level of social development. The article aims at studying the specifics of masculine representations on television.