Perpetrator Personality Research Articles

Из истории использования теста Роршаха в 20-30-е годы в СССР

<p>The present article addresses and structures the history of the application of the Rorschach test during the period of 1923 to 1936 in the Soviet Union. Hermann Rorschach visited the Russian Empire three times and was familiar with Russian psychoanalysts. His test was published in 1921 in Switzerland. By 1923 was published I.N. Dyakov’s article with the description of the test. The Rorschach test was used with children with normal development, gifted children and those with various deviations in paedology, clinical psychology and psychiatry. It was used for studying the personality of a perpetrator and for examining individuals who had committed a crime. A.E. Petrova very well described the application of the test she used in studying a “primitive” psyche ofchildren and adult perpetrators, and of patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy. L.S. Vygotsky valued highly A.E. Petrova's works and cited them in his lectures. The Rorschach test was also included in the series of tests for studying a perpetrator's personality, it was employed in the psychiatric examination to study the personality of the offender and the crime, it was also used in Serbsky State Scientific Institute for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. In 1936, after the publication of the resolution of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union Communist Party on the paedological perversions in the system of the People's Commissariats for Education, the usage of the test discontinued.</p>

How Students' Big Five personality traits manifest in perceived social loafing behavior.

Social loafing (SL) has a detrimental impact on cooperative learning. SL dysfunctionalities are causing more faculty to avoid assigning group projects as part of their course work. This qualitative case study examines how students' personalities are expressed in social loafers' behavior during university-level group assignments at a Texas university. The case study added further depth and breadth to current literature on SL in cooperative learning by exploring the perpetrator's personality expressions. Ten faculty members were interviewed, 32 students were surveyed, and 10 loafers were identified and self-assessed. A qualitative case study was used to provide in-depth investigation of Big Five personality in SL behavior. The faculty interviews and students' surveys revealed that Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness were not expressed in SL behavior for university-level group assignments assessed by four IPIP facets. Openness to Experience (values, ideas, actions, and fantasy) was not expressed. Faculty and students indicated that loafers were not curious, barely prepared, with very short attention spans after which they get lost. Social loafers showed no originality, no active imagination, and no deep thinking. Conscientiousness (achievement striving, dutifulness, competence, and order) was not expressed. For Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, some facets were expressed, and others were withheld. The results of this study provide faculty with a multifaceted understanding of students' personality traits to better guide their group interaction and cooperative learning.

The effect of the perpetrator's personality on the cost of apology

The effect of the perpetrator's personality on the cost of apology

Target Meaning-Making of Workplace Incivility Based on Perceived Personality Similarity with Perpetrators

Target meaning-making of incivility (i.e., the ways targets assess uncivil events) has received attention as an important mediating mechanism in explaining the varied outcomes of incivility. The present study draws on person-environment (PE) fit theory, as well as the similarity-attraction paradigm and repulsion hypothesis, to uncover how perceived personality (dis)similarity affects both cognitive (i.e., attribution, negative appraisal) and emotional reactions (i.e., hostility) to incivility. Specifically, we examine whether incongruence between target personality and perceived perpetrator personality worsens target meaning-making (vice versa for personality congruence). Study 1 (N = 479 employees) addressed (dis)similarity in agreeableness, while Study 2 (N = 296 working adults) addressed (dis)similarity in neuroticism. Based on polynomial regressions with response surface modeling, the results generally supported the hypotheses. Along the line of dissimilarity, targets often assessed (i.e., attributed intent to, appraised, reacted emotionally to) uncivil events more negatively when they perceived personality dissimilarity with perpetrators. However, similarity in personality did not always have the opposite effect by buffering against negative assessments; meaning-making was worse when both parties scored high on neuroticism. Implications for workplace incivility and PE fit literatures are discussed, along with practical implications that highlight information elaboration and perspective taking.

Resisting Racism: Māori experiences of interpersonal racism in Aotearoa New Zealand

Previous studies on racism in the field of discursive and critical social psychology have focused mainly on perpetrator talk and text, perpetrator personality and cognition, in-group psychology, and systemic racism. Research examining targets’ perspectives and responses to racism is rare. The current study, one of the first of its kind in Aotearoa New Zealand, explores indigenous Māori accounts of their resistance to everyday racism. Nineteen Māori men and women were interviewed regarding their experiences and reactions to racist incidents. Thematic analysis informed by social constructionism was used to examine interview transcripts and identify three key themes: 1) difficulties in verbally expressing resistance to racism, 2) silent or non-vocalized resistance, and 3) vocalized resistance. Comparing and contrasting findings with previous research highlighted participants’ agentic management of resistance and a unique desire to inform perpetrators about their racism.

How useful are indices of personality pathology when assessing domestic violence perpetrators?

There has been considerable debate about profiling personality pathology when assessing and treating male perpetrators of domestic violence (DV). This study used the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) to explore the severity and diversity of male perpetrator personality pathology and response bias in a group of DV perpetrators being assessed for a treatment program (N = 177). We analyzed the sample using the interpretive guidelines of White and Gondolf (2000); 54% of profiles in our sample fell into categories indicative of a personality disorder, and 37% of the total sample provided profiles indicative of severe personality pathology. These percentages were higher than White and Gondolf's findings but lower than some others. There was considerable diversity of personality pathology as well, supporting the contention that there is no one male DV perpetrator profile. Because of debate concerning the manner of responding on self-report instruments, we paid special attention to response biases in our sample. Twenty-six percent of our sample exaggerated (12%) or minimized (14%) their responses. We also found that response biases on the MCMI-III Modifying Indices were related to self-reported severity of psychopathology. This suggests that assessing severity of psychopathology is inadequate without reference to such biases.

Perverse relationships: The perspective of the perpetrator

The author examines the theme of perverse relationships within the couple, focusing on the question of men's maltreatment of their female partners, particularly in the psychological sense. Various aspects of the perpetrator's personality and relational style are described. The author takes as her starting point and discusses in depth the concepts of narcissistic perversion (Racamier, 1992) and relational perversion (Pandol, 1999), considered useful for understanding and identifying this type of pathology. She postulates that maltreating behaviour, in fact, originates from the encounter of particularly non–empathic relational styles which are typical of certain personalities (mainly, but not exclusively, of the narcissistic disorder) with perversity, that is, perversion, understood as a character trait. The author makes a distinction between relational perversion and sado–masochistic relationship, and presents a clinical picture deriving from the analysis of a man who maltreats his companion, in order to shed light on the above–mentioned aspects, touching on some problems arising in the analysis of such patients. In conclusion, she considers some aspects of the experience of victims of maltreatment.

Perpetrator Personality Effects on Post-Separation Victim Reactions in Abusive Relationships

Previous research has examined the influence of the abusive personality (Dutton, 1994a,b) on relationship dynamics. Men with high scores of abusive personality (borderline personality organization, anger and MCMI8: Negativity) generate more frequent and extreme forms of physical and emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Other lines of research have examined the role of these relationship features in influencing post-separation adjustment in women. The current study combines two data sets; one bearing on the first of these issues, the other on the second issue, in order to connect characteristics of the perpetrator's personality to post separation aspects of victim reaction. Substantial associations are found between abusive personality and relationship dynamics and between the latter and persistent attachment, trauma symptoms, and lowered self esteem in battered women.

Perpetrator Personality and Judgments of Acquaintance Rape

Laboratory research on rape has examined how the context of the offense and characteristics of the victim influence responsibility ascriptions. The present research examined the influence of the perpetrator's personality on such attributions. This study distinguished between evaluative (general likability) and descriptive (aggressiveness) components of the perpetrator's personality and assessed the effect of each on subjects' confidence of the perpetrator's guilt or innocence for an alleged acquaintance rape. Results showed that subjects were more confident in the defendant's guilt when he was described by cohorts as generally dislikable versus likable, and as aggressive versus unaggressive. Assessments of academic punishment and legal responsibility generally paralleled these findings. Females were more confident in the defendant's guilt, and this was particularly true when the defendant was described as aggressive.

Effects of Gender and Specific Dating Behaviors on Perceptions of Sex Willingness and Date Rape

This study evaluated how heterosexual men and women perceived specific dating behaviors and how their attitudes toward the behaviors related to willingness to engage in sexual intercourse and date rape. Responses were analyzed according to the subject's gender and gender role identity, as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). All participants (N=458) received a questionnaire where "who asked?" and "who paid?" for the date were varied. Subjects indicated how much they thought the woman and man in the scenario wanted sex (female sex willingness and male sex willingness, respectively) and how justified the man in the scenario would be to have sex with the woman without her consent (rape justifiability). Female sex willingness was highest when the woman asked and/or paid for the date, and male sex willingness was highest when the man asked and/or paid for the date. Men's ratings of both the woman's and the man's sex willingness were consistently higher than the women's ratings. Gender role identity did not significantly affect the subjects' perceptions of sex willingness or rape justifiability. Finally, the subjects' gender, "who paid?", or "who asked?" did not affect rape justifiability ratings. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1992. Copyright © 1992 by Guilford Publications) Date Rape Rape Causes Adult Perceptions Adult Female Adult Male Male Perceptions Female Perceptions Gender Differences Sexual Assault Perceptions Sexual Assault Causes Dating Violence Perceptions Dating Violence Causes Violence Against Women 12-99