Salt Peroxide Research Articles

Study on the process of producing sodium percarbonate

To increase the washing efficiency and more completely remove stained impurities, chemical bleaches are introduced into the composition of SD (synthetic detergents), the most common of which are peroxide salts - sodium peroxocarbonate (percarbonate) and sodium peroxoborate (perborate).The theoretical substantiation of the process of interaction of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide in the three-component reciprocal system Na2CO3-H2O2-H2O by the visual-polythermal and isothermal method at 10 and 30°C is carried out. The formation of new compounds of the compositions: Na2CO3•1,5H2O2, Na2CO3•H2O•2H2O2 and Na2CO3•2H2O2 was established, for which the concentration limits of existence were determined. New compounds are identified by chemical and physico-chemical analysis methods.

Exogenous Vitamin K3 and Peroxides Can Alleviate Hypoxia in Bean Seedlings (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.)

Oxygen limiting conditions are a common occurrence in root zones of most crop plants and can adversely affect nearly all aspects of plant growth and development including its survival. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel redox cycling agent, vitamin K3, and various peroxides including hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide and magnesium peroxide in alleviating the effects of hypoxia in bean seedlings grown in nutrient culture. All the anti-hypoxic agents including vitamin K3 had a positive impact on the overall growth of bean seedlings under hypoxic conditions, but their responses were variable depending on the concentration. With regard to shoot growth, vitamin K3 (5 μM) increased the leaf area significantly, by more than 58% over the hypoxic control plants and produced the highest stem fresh weight similar to calcium peroxide (20 μM) and magnesium peroxide (10 μM). In addition, the use of vitamin K3 resulted in the highest accumulation of chlorophyll (chla + chlb) in the leaves, an increase of nearly two-fold over the hypoxic control plants. Furthermore under hypoxia, calcium peroxide (20 μM) and magnesium peroxide (10 μM) produced the highest leaf biomass (FW) followed by vitamin K3. Vitamin K3 (1 μM) also favored root growth in bean seedlings under hypoxia; it produced the largest increase in root length and root biomass (DW) similar to calcium peroxide and magnesium peroxide. Based on the overall shoot and root growth response of bean seedlings to various anti-hypoxic substances under hypoxic conditions, calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide and vitamin K3 performed better than hydrogen peroxide. These findings show that vitamin K3 and peroxide salts are effective in alleviating hypoxic stress in bean seedlings and also, further highlight their potential for dealing with hypoxia in wide ranging situations.

Statistical Distribution of Stress Corrosion Endurance

Abstract This article describes a statistical analysis of certain stress corrosion endurances, made with a view to identifying the type of frequency distribution to which they belonged and hence to recommending appropriate methods of treatment of stress corrosion results. It was found that the logarithms of the endurances of stress corrosion specimens of aluminum alloys tested in salt peroxide solution are normally distributed and that the variance of the logarithm of endurance is independent of the mean but not constant. It was concluded that the most meaningful representative endurance is the geometric mean, of which the median is a good approximation. Other estimates, which may show a saving in testing time or cost, can be found which are only slightly, if at all, less efficient than the geometric mean. These other estimates use linear functions of the logarithms of endurance in a censored (i.e., incompletely tested) sample The relative merits of various procedures are discussed by way of example and the corresponding time savings are quoted using a standard deviation, which is representative of the present results. The method of calculation is given in the Appendix so that it can be applied for other values of the standard deviation.

Organic Sulfur Compounds. V. Alkylammonium Thiolate and Peroxide Salts; Possible Intermediates in Amine-Catalyzed Oxidation of Mercaptans by Hydroperoxides

Organic Sulfur Compounds. V. Alkylammonium Thiolate and Peroxide Salts; Possible Intermediates in Amine-Catalyzed Oxidation of Mercaptans by Hydroperoxides