Peroxide Free Radical Scavenging Assay Research Articles

Extraction and Characterization of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Ocimum basilicum and Evaluation of its Antioxidant Properties

The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum using a modified steam distillation method. The chemical composition and free radical inhibition property of the plant essential oil were investigated. Results from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 39 different compounds in the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum. The major components, Terpinen-4-ol (21.31%), Eucalyptol (18.97%), α-Terpineol (14.41%), γ-Terpinene (12.61%), Caryophyllene (11.90%), α-Pinene (6.11%), and β-Myrcene (5.54%), were found in high percentages. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assays, with Ascorbic acid as a standard drug. The results showed that the essential oil extracted from Ocimum basilicum leaves exhibited positive effects at different concentrations when tested using both methods. At a concentration of 2.5 μL/mL, the Ocimum basilicum essential oil significantly scavenged 60.89% of hydrogen peroxide radicals, while the standard Ascorbic acid scavenged 79.13%. Similarly, at a concentration of 10 μL/mL, the plant’s volatile oil inhibits 87.12% of DPPH radicals, while the standard Ascorbic acid inhibits 90.40%. This study highlights the potential of the essential oil derived from Ocimum basilicum leaves as a valuable source of compounds with free radical scavenging properties, consistent with its traditional medicinal applications. Graphical Abstract showing the entire experimental process:

Characterization of Phycocyanin Pigment from Marine Filamentous Cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp.

Algae is a simple and vast group of photosynthetic organisms. Algae grow in most of the natural environments, including water, rocks, and soil, but interestingly also grow on and in other organisms. Their main habitats are freshwater, brackish and marine ecosystems, Also volcanic waters and salt waters. Among them, marine algae are recognized as a rich source of beneficial bioactive compounds. Marine algal originated compounds have been reported to exhibit various biological activities such as anticoagulant, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, etc. Phycocyanin is a blue-colored naturally existing phycobiliprotein pigment, which is abundant in cyanobacteria, blue-green algae. In this study, phycocyanin was extracted from the Geitlerinema sp. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis and HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of phycocyanin. The extracted pigment was assessed for their antioxidant property by various methods such as Phosphomolybdenum assay, Ferric ions reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay, Anti-lipid peroxidation activity. The study reveals that the phycocyanin pigments possess the antioxidant property, and it can be used as a promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound.

Synthesis of some novel 3- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -5- (4-substituted) -4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potent antioxidant agents

Pyrazolines are the most useful heterocyclic moiety in Pharmaceutical and Chemical fields and as the most potential molecules for the design of new chemical entities. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyrazolines and their derivatives showed a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant properties. In the present study, eleven novel ethoxylated pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensing chalcones with electron releasingethoxy group at one end and different electron-donating, electron-withdrawing groups in another end with hydrazine hydrate andalcohol. The compounds synthesized were structural elucidated by their spectroscopic studies. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant potential by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay methods.Some of these molecules possess moderate to good antioxidant activitywhen compared to standard ascorbic acid. The compound with methoxy group (EH2) exhibits potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 9.02 and 9.44µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assay method respectively and the compound with hydroxy group (EH9) also showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 12.41 and 14.56µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavengingassay method respectively when compared to standard. The compounds containing electron-donating substituents were found to be good antioxidantswhen compared to standard ascorbic acid.

Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Essential Oil Extracts from Leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium

Aim: The present study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Zanthoxylum ovalifolium leaf essential oil extracts and to screen the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial potential of the same.
 Place and Duration of Study: The studies were carried out at Department of Botany, AVK College for Women, Hassan and Department of Biochemistry, Aurora’s Degree & PG College, Hyderabad from July 2017 to June 2018
 Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles of essential oil extract was carried out and characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all the extracts. Furthermore, all the extracts were evaluated for anti-microbial activity against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and four pathogenic fungi using agar disc diffusion technique. Subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined.
 Results: The major compounds identified were Limonene, isofenchol, Geijerene, isothujanol, Borneol, dihydrocarveol, isobornyl acetate, pregeijerene, b-elemene, trans-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. The TEM analysis of nanoparticles synthesized showed a size of 8 to 14 nm with a lmax of 450nm. All the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidant activity where the AgNP of essential oil extract showed maximum activity of 89.61% and 84.92% respectively for both DPPH free radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assays at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Among all the bacteria tested, B. subtilis was most susceptible at 100µg/ml with zone of inhibition of 22.5mm. While among all the fungi tested, A. niger inhibited more effectively by the AgNP of essential oil extract at 100µg/ml with a zone of inhibition of 16.2mm.
 Conclusion: The results obtained were remarkable suggesting that AgNP of essential oil extract possess excellent anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity and can be an alternative bio-friendly source for various pharmaceutical industries.

Antioxidant activity of phycocyanin pigment extracted from marine filamentous cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp TRV57

Abstract Phycocyanin is a blue colored naturally existing phycobiliprotein pigment, which is abundant in cyanobacteria, a blue green algae. In this study, phycocyanin was extracted from the Geitlerinema sp. TRV57. The extracted pigment was assessed for their antioxidant property by various methods such as Phosphomolybdenum assay, Ferric ions reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay, Anti-lipid peroxidation activity. These assays revealed appreciable antioxidant activity of phycocyanin. At a concentration of 200 µg/mL, the phycocyanin exhibited a maximum absorbance of 0.49 by phosphomolybdenum assay, 0.85 absorbance by ferric ion reducing assay, 78.75% of DPPH scavenging activity, 95.27% of H2O2 scavenging activity. The IC50 value of phycocyanin was found to be 185 µg/mL for Anti-lipid peroxidation assay. The study reveals that the phycocyanin pigments possess antioxidant property and it can be used as a promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound.

ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF THE MOST ACTIVE SUB-FRACTION OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antiulcer<strong> </strong>activity of the most active sub-fraction of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em> Spreng. leaves methanolic extract (BLE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The antioxidant activity of BLE fractions and sub-fractions has been assayed to determine the most active sub-fraction by using <em>in vitro </em>antioxidant<em> </em>methods like hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic content estimation. Then, the antiulcerogenic activity of most active sub-fraction of BLE (50 and 100 mg/kg, b.w., orally) was evaluated employing<strong> a</strong>spirin+pylorus ligation-induced (APL) and HCl/ethanol-induced (HE) gastric ulcer models in rats, and histopathological examination of stomach tissues of rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most active sub-fraction of BLE exerted a significant (<em>P<</em>0.01) dose-dependent decrease in the ulcerative lesion index produced by APL and HE ulcer models in rats as compared to the standard drugs omeprazole (30 mg/kg, b.w. orally) and ranitidine (32 mg/kg, b.w. orally) respectively. The reduction in gastric fluid volume, total acidity and an increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in APL treated rats proved the antisecretory activity of most active subfraction of BLE. From histopathological examination, it was found that in tissues of both the models that received pretreatment with most activesub-fraction showed better protection of the gastric mucosa in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by reduction or absence of mucosal erosion and infiltration of leucocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that leaves of <em>Buchanania lanzan </em>Spreng.<em> </em>possess potential antiulcer activity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.</p>

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethiopian Indigenous Medicinal Plants, Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth and Ocimum basilicum L.

Antioxidants are the chemical substances which prevent the free radicals damage in the body. Numerous researches are going globally focussed on investigating natural antioxidants of plants origins. The aims of the present study were to evaluate preliminary phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activities of Ethiopian indigenous medicinal plants, Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth and Ocimum basilicum L. Aqueous, benzene and hexane crude leaves extracts of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. In addition, we investigated the antioxidant potential of crude aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum using tests involving inhibition of superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS. Preliminary phytochemical investigation for benzene, hexane and aqueous extracts found alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrate and glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. The fraction inhibition of lipid peroxide at the first stage of oxidation illustrated antioxidant activity of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum as 90% and 88% compared to those of gallic acid (97%) and BHT (84%) respectively. Also, the aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity, nitric acid free radical scavenging activity assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay. Our findings provide confirmation that the aqueous leaves extract of O. lamiifolium and O. basilicum are potential source of natural antioxidants, and this warranted its uses in traditional medicine systems.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cultivated Mushrooms Grown in Mekelle City Tigray Ethiopia

Traditionally mushrooms have been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude disorders. Macro fungi regarding to the development of novel safe antimicrobials and antioxidants has become attractive source for researchers in the last decades. In the present study quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out by using standard methods while 1,1 Diphenyl picryl hydroxyl(DPPH) Nitric oxide, Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of selected wild mushrooms. Anti- inflammatory capacity of samples was evaluated by HRBC membrane stabilization method. The results obtained from the study revealed that Agaricus Bosporus showed higher total phenol, mg flavonoid carotenoid, and lycopene and ascorbic acid contents of (617.9±1) mg/g, (62.52±1.13) mg/g, (74.2±0.057) µg / mg, (49.6±0.17) µg / and28.8±0.34 mg / g. All the species showed antioxidant potential but Russula delica proved to be more active while Agaricus Bosporus. Proved to be least one.