Permeable Tube Research Articles

Analysis of two layered peristaltic-ciliary transport of Jeffrey fluid and in vitro preimplantation embryo development

The analysis of peristaltic-ciliary transport in the human female fallopian tube, specifically in relation to the growing embryo, is a matter of considerable physiological importance. This paper proposes a biomechanical model that incorporates a finite permeable tube consisting of two layers, where the Jeffrey fluid model characterizes the viscoelastic properties of the growing embryo and continuously secreting fluid. Jeffrey fluid entering with some negative pressure gradient forms the core fluid layer while continuously secreting Jeffrey fluid forms the peripheral fluid layer. The resulting partial differential equations are solved for closed-form solutions after employing the assumption of long wavelength. The analysis delineated that increasing the constant secretion velocity, Darcy number, and Reynolds number leads to a decrease in the appropriate residue time of the core fluid layer and a reduction in the size of the secreting fluid bolus in the peripheral fluid layer. Eventually, the boluses completely disappear when the constant secretion velocity exceeds 3.0 Progesterone (P4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P_4$$\\end{document}) and estradiol (E2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$E_2$$\\end{document}) directly regulate the transportation of the growing embryo, while luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have an indirect effects. Based on the number and size of blastomeres, the percentage of fragmentation, and the presence of multinucleated blastomeres two groups were formed in an in vitro experiment. Out of 50 patients, 26 (76.5%) were pregnant in a group of the good quality embryos, and only 8 (23.5%) were in a group of the bad quality embryos. The transport of growing embryo in the human fallopian tube and preimplantation development of human embryos in in vitro are constraint by baseline hormones FSH, LH, prolactin, E2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$E_{2}$$\\end{document}, AMH, and TSH.

Investigation of the reverse-seepage technique to enhance the chloride ion invasion resistance of rectangular section concrete: Experiments and numerical analysis

This paper looks at the application of the reverse-seepage technique in reinforced concrete (RC) structures with rectangular cross-sectional forms under chloride ion attack. Experiments and numerical analyses of the chloride invasion within rectangular section concrete which applied the reverse-seepage technique are performed. A two-dimensional convection–diffusion model of chloride is developed, which can be used to further investigate the effect of the shape of permeable tube arrangement and ratio of water permeable area. The results indicate that the reverse-seepage technique can greatly inhibit the chlorine accumulation effect in the corner of the rectangular cross-section under the effect of wetting–drying cycles. In addition, it is recommended that the water permeable area ratio should be set at about 0.6, and the permeable tubes should be arranged in a rectangular shape to improve the chloride ion intrusion resistance efficiency. These results have important implications for the further application of the new anti-chloride erosion technique in engineering.

Fabrication of Sectionally Permeable Components with Curved Surface by Laser‐Beam Powder‐Bed Fusion

AbstractDevices in process engineering often include permeable components. As shown in our recent work for planar components, laser‐beam powder bed fusion offers the opportunity to integrate permeable sections into complex monolithic metal parts in one go. This paper extends the approach to components with curved surfaces. Different scan strategies were investigated for their effects on surface morphology and permeability of tubular samples. It was found that in order to ensure consistent properties of a permeable tube, different starting points or rotation of the scan vectors have to be used.

The ciliated flow of water-based graphene oxide and copper nanoparticles (GO-Cu/H2O) in a complex permeable tube with entropy generation phenomenon

In recent years, thermal enhancement using the suspension of hybrid nanofluid has become useful to improve the heat transportation phenomenon in various engineering and industrial processes. The current investigation presents the thermal impacts of hybrid nanofluid with applications of ciliated motion through a cylindrical tube. The concentration of graphene oxide and copper nanoparticles is used in current formulations. Additionally, the physical influences of porosity parameters on the rheology and the heat analysis are examined. The rheological equations are modeled using cylindrical polar coordinates in the laboratory frame. The problem is simplified using two distinct assumptions: the lubrication theory and the long-wavelength estimate. The solutions of rheological equations are attained analytically using the integration technique. The obtained expressions for velocity profile, pressure gradient, temperature profile, and entropy production are described through graphs for numerous embedded parameters. The boundary layer (BL) occurrences are predicted in the axial velocity under higher porosity impacts. The transportation of the hybrid fluid is controlled with the help of the ciliated length. The present research is useful in the chemical processes of thermo-fluidic micro-pumps and devices of nanomaterials.

Simultaneous recovery of nutrients and power generation from source-separated urine based on bioelectrical coupling with the hydrophobic gas permeable tube system

Source-separated urine has been regarded as a precious treasure on account of its rich nitrogen content and is suitable for fertilizer production. In this study, a novel bioelectrical coupling with hydrophobic gas permeable tube system (BGTS) was developed to treat urine, for removing organic matter, and recover nitrogen as value-added products in the form of nitrogen fertilizer. In the presence of the electric field, the hydrolysis process of urea in the anode chamber was accelerated, and the NH4+ driven by electric field force and concentration difference reached the cathode through the cation exchange membrane. The cathode made use of oxygen and electrons to produce alkali in situ to promote the conversion of NH4+ to NH3, which was straightforwardly absorbed in hydrophobic gas permeable tube circulating sulfuric acid solution, so as to promote the rapid migration of nitrogen and build an efficient dynamic recovery of nitrogen. After a 48-h cycle, the BGTS achieved a 95.28 ± 0.60% COD removal ratio, 91.60 ± 0.29% nitrogen recovery efficiency, and 3.48 kg m−3 ammonium sulfate fertilizer. Economic analysis indicated a profit of 5.75 $ associated with the utilization of the BGTS system for nitrogen fertilizer recovery from source separation in urine. Consequently, this study manifested that the BGTS system can recover nitrogen from human urine in a high-recovery and cost-effective way, and is of great significance in the sustainable recovery of nitrogen resources.

Analysis of slip effects on slow viscoelastic flow of second order fluid through a small diameter permeable tube

There are various models which describe the hydro-dynamical aspects of the fluid flow and solute transport in small diameter permeable tubes without incorporating the slip effects, which play an important role to predict the flow behavior with higher accuracy. This study aims to investigate the slip effects on the slow, steady-state and axisymmetric flow of an incompressible second order Rivlin–Ericksen fluid in a small diameter cylindrical tube with constant wall permeability. The momentum equations have been derived in cylindrical coordinates and are converted in the form of a single compatibility equation which governs the stream function of the flow. Navier slip condition has been used to take slip phenomenon into account near the wall of the tube. Compatibility equation has been solved analytically subject to the associated boundary conditions by using Langlois recursive approach method. The detailed expressions have been obtained for velocity components, pressure, volume flow rate, pressure drop along longitudinal axis, wall shear stress, fractional reabsorption and leakage flux. Behavior of all the flow variables against the slip parameter has been examined graphically in detail. Overall, the solutions obtained her e show a great agreement with the work in literature. One of the key findings in this study is that the volume flow rate Q is found to be independent of the slip parameter ϕ.

Simultaneous Recovery of Nutrients and Power Generation from Source-Separated Urine Based on Bioelectrical Coupling with the Hydrophobic Gas Permeable Tube System

Simultaneous Recovery of Nutrients and Power Generation from Source-Separated Urine Based on Bioelectrical Coupling with the Hydrophobic Gas Permeable Tube System

Fluid Flow and Solute Transfer in a Permeable Tube with Influence of Slip Velocity

In this paper, the influence of slip velocity on the fluid flow and solute transfer in a tube with permeable boundary is studied as a mathematical model for blood flow in glomerular capillaries. The viscous incompressible fluid flow across the permeable tube wall, as a result of differences in both hydrostatic and osmotic pressure, is considered. The solutions of differential equations governing the fluid flow and solute transfer are obtained using analytical and Crank-Nicolson type numerical methods. It is observed that the effect of slip on the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, velocity profiles, concentration profile, solute mass flux and total solute clearance is significant and the results are presented graphically.

Mathematical Modelling on an Electrically Conducting Fluid Flow in an Inclined Permeable Tube with Multiple Stenoses

The effect of electrically conducting fluid flow in an inclined tube with permeable walls and having multiple stenosis through porous medium was studied. The Homotopy Perturbation Method is used to calculate the phenomena of Nanoparticle and temperature of the coupled equations. The solutions have been analyzed on the basis of pressure drop, resistance to the flow and wall shear stress. It is identified that the heights of the stenosis, Thermophoresis parameter, local temperature Grashof number, local nanoparticle Grashof number, Magnetic parameter increases with the resistance to the flow and Brownian motion number, permeability constant decreases with resistance to the flow. It is remarkable that, the resistance to the flow is found increasing for the values of inclination and decreases for the values of . The observation also notes that, the shear stress at the wall is found increasing with the height of the stenosis, Inclination, Thermophoresis parameter, local nanoparticle Grashof number and Permeability constant, but found decreasing with Brownian motion parameter and Magnetic Parameter.

RESULTS OF A 3-YEAR BEACH EROSION CONTROL PROJECT IN HILLSBORO BEACH, FLORIDA, UTILIZING PRESSURE EQUALIZING MODULES (PEM)

The patented PEM system is a passive beach dewatering technology consisting of hollow permeable tubes installed vertically into the beach in a grid pattern. The system requires no pumps or energy to operate. At Hillsboro Beach, Florida the system was installed for a 3-year period at a highly eroding part of the beach where the shoreline historically had lost 25.2 ft. (-7.7 m) in 3 years. By the end of the 3-year period the shoreline in the 1-mile PEM project area had advanced 26.9 ft. (8.2 m), erosion had stopped, and the PEM area had accreted from R-monument line to MHW, to -5ft NAVD, and to DOC without the control areas to the North and South being negatively affected.

A micropolar fluid model for hydrodynamics in the renal tubule

The creeping flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid in a small-diameter permeable tube is studied. The fluid absorption at the tube walls is taken as a function of wall permeability and the pressure gradient across the tube wall. Closed-form solutions of the governing equations for the pressure, velocity and micro-rotation fields are obtained. Expressions describing variations in the axial volume flow rate, mean pressure, wall leakage flux, wall shear stress and the fractional re-absorption are derived. Effects of the wall permeability coefficient K , the micropolar parameter m and the coupling number N on flow variables are graphically presented and implications of results are discussed briefly. The obtained solutions are applied to the flow problem in the proximal renal tubule and probable values of the wall permeability parameter and the mean pressure drop in the tubule are obtained. It is found that the mean pressure drop in the proximal tubule is higher for the micropolar fluid than for the Newtonian fluid. It is also found that the volume flow rate of the micropolar fluid decreases exponentially as a function of the axial distance. This is a biologically significant result which is well accepted and is reported in the literature by earlier researchers too. The derived solutions coincide well with the existing solutions for the Newtonian fluid flow in a permeable tube as a special case.

Influence of slip velocity on the flow of viscous fluid through a porous medium in a permeable tube with a variable bulk flow rate

Abstract A mathematical model is presented for an axisymmetric flow of a Newtonian fluid through a permeable tube filled with porous medium and slip at the wall. The bulk flow rate is prescribed as a decreasing function of axial distance. The governing coupled partial differential equations are solved analytically using Adomian decomposition method and numerically using a second order finite difference scheme. Numerical method is validated by already published work and a good agreement is observed between the two solutions. Trusting this validity, effects of pertinent parameters on the flow variables such as velocity components, wall shear stress and pressure drop are discussed graphically. This study reveals that the slip parameter (ϕ), reabsorption parameter (α) and permeability parameter (k) have significant influences on flow variables involved in the problem. Creeping flow (Re = 0), flow without porous medium ( k → ∞ ) and flow with no slip ( ϕ = 0 ) at the wall are the limiting cases of this study.

Technical Experimental Equipment for Making Porous Wire Samples

Abstract Original experimental technical equipment for making samples in the form of permeable tubes of porous material, i.e. coiled wire. The article describes the construction of the equipment, the processes of forming and pressing the wire semi-product and methods of fixing the ends of the wire product.

A general model for optimal branching of fluidic networks

Ramifying networks of tubes for delivery and multipoint distribution of fluids pervade engineered and living systems. Bifurcating (pairing) is the basic building blocks of all these trees. Comprehensively characterizing of ramified networks requires optimization rules for the sizes of the bifurcating tubes. In this paper, we derive generalized rules applicable to branching of both straight and curved tubes, impermeable and permeable tubes for fluid flows that exhibit different properties (Newtonian and non-Newtonian, laminar and turbulent). Key characteristics of design resulting of these rules are also discussed and compared with analytical expressions for the optimum daughter–parent sizes available in the literature. Here we also report the influence of individual slug/bubbles on flows in optimal branching tubes that is of practical importance, since they are found in both engineered and living systems.

MODIFIED SERIES RESISTANCE MODEL - DETERMINATION OF MEAN CONCENTRATION BY INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATION

There are several mathematical models that describe permeate flow in membrane separation processes. Among these, the series resistance model plays a prominent role. It takes into account membrane strength, concentration polarization, polarized layer and fouling to describe the permeate flow over time. In this work, an analysis of the modified series resistance model was performed, in which the resistance by polarization of the concentration is defined as being directly proportional to the transmembrane pressure. The proportionality constant is given by the product of a specific coefficient of resistance – which is determined by means of experimental data – the thickness of the boundary layer of concentration and the mean concentration. Due to the inability to obtain experimentally the value of the average concentration within the boundary layer of concentration, its simulation is carried out from the conservation equation of the chemical species. Thus, the objective of the present work was to solve the equation of the conservation of chemical species using GITT (Generalized Integral Transform Technique) and apply the modified series resistance model to describe the permeate flow of a solution of dextran through a permeable tube under laminar flow. GITT provided satisfactory results for the mean concentration, verified by comparison with the permeate flow obtained by the series resistance model with experimental results reported in the literature.

Flow of a Newtonian fluid in a non-uniform wavy and permeable tube

Flow of a Newtonian fluid in a non-uniform wavy and permeable tube

Concentrically packed high flow air sampler for parts-per-trillion volatile and semi-volatile organica compounds

Rapid determination of trace level (parts-per-trillion) volatile organic compounds cannot always be achieved with conventional analytical techniques. In this study, a device was developed to sample a large volume of air in a short time period. The basic design involves packing sorbent layers concentrically around an empty permeable tube. Single digit parts-per-trillion detection limits were reached in less than 25min with this sampling system using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis. The concentric packed trap can sample at high flow rates (>10L/min) because it has a large sampling surface cross-section and short combined sorbent bed. Additionally, the large sorbent amount (>1g) provides large breakthrough volume (>100L) required to achieve low detection limits. The trapped analytes were thermally desorbed and transferred into a needle trap device for final analysis. This high flow sampling system was explored for detection of low ppt benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in air.

Swirling Flow in a Permeable Tube at Slowly Expanding and Contracting Wall

The swirling flow inside a circular elastic tube with expanding and contracting permeable wall in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is studied analytically. The tube is also assumed to be rotating around its axis with an angular velocity. The governing equations for this multidimensional flow are reduced to nonlinear differential equations with similarity transformations. An analytic series solution is obtained by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of physical parameters on various flow characteristics, such as the velocity, skin friction, and pressure variation, have been analysed briefly. The impact of surface expansion/contraction and rotation has been investigated on the internal boundary-layer flow inside the tube of uniform cross-section.

Analysis of Stokes flow through periodic permeable tubules

This article reports the detailed analysis of the Stokes flow through permeable tubes. The objective of this investigation was to search for exact solutions to the Stokes flow and thereby observe the effects on radial flow component, provided the permeability on the tubular surface is an elementary trigonometric function. Mathematical expressions for the pressure distribution, velocity components, volume flux, average wall shear stress and leakage flux are presented explicitly. Graphical analysis of the fluid flow is presented for a set of parametric values. Important conclusions are drawn for Stokes flow through tubes with low as well as high permeability. The classical Poiseuille flow is presented as a limiting case of this immense study of Stokes flow.

Study on hydrogen isotope behavior in Pb-Li forced convection flow with permeable wall

Transient- and steady-state hydrogen permeation from Li-Pb forced convection flow in a permeable tube to outside Ar purge gas was investigated between 400–600°C. The values of the steady-state permeation rate increased with the increase of the Li-Pb flow rate. It was found that the overall permeation rates were limited by diffusion in a Li-Pb boundary layer developed from flow inlet. The effect of the boundary layer was correlated in terms of the mass-transfer coefficient. The values of the mass-transfer coefficient at 600°C were compared with those of 400°C and 500°C obtained beforehand. Judged from these data of mass-transfer coefficients, it can be predicted that the effect of boundary layer varies with the increase of Li-Pb flow rate at different temperature conditions.