Permeability Components Research Articles

Numerical simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction across an inclined permeable cylinder/plate

The current study investigates the steady two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanofluid (Hnf) flow over an inclined permeable plate/cylinder. The Hnf flow has been examined in the context of mixed convection, heterogeneous/homogenous chemical reaction, and permeable medium. The Hnf is prepared by dispersing silver (Ag), and iron ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) in water. The current research is motivated by the increasing demand for highly efficient cooling devices in a variety of industries and energy-associated operations. The energy transmission and fluid flow are mathematically specified by using a coupled nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs). The system of PDEs is simplified into a dimensionless form of ODEs, which are then further numerically treated with the MATLAB package based on the finite difference method (bvp4c). It has been noticed that the permeability component develops the heat transfer curve while decreasing the flow rate of the fluid. The impact of heat source/sink increases the energy profile. Moreover, the plate surface demonstrates the dominant behavior of energy transportation than a cylinder with the variance of Ag-Fe3O4-NPs.

Pore scale modeling on microbial hydrogen consumption and mass transfer of multicomponent gas flow in underground hydrogen storage of depleted reservoir

As first effort in literature, this study proposed a mathematical model for microbial hydrogen consumption of underground hydrogen storage in the depleted reservoir, considering phase-change mechanism in growth-decay of bio-film, methanogen reaction, and mass transfer in the multicomponent flow. Effects of the growth-decay mechanisms of methanogens on pore structure, permeability and gas components, were simulated and analyzed in 2D and 3D porous models. The results indicated that: 1) The potential risk of the clogging of the pore space by microbial community was confirmed. 2) The initial volume fraction of microbial saturation (VFm) has a great effect on the growth and decay mechanism of methanogen which adopts the hydrogen as the energy source. 3) The optimized decay coefficient of the biomass could be achieved to decrease the loss of hydrogen and its purity. 4) The reduction rate of porosity and normalized permeability (KN) was believed to be related to decay-growth mechanism of microbials and the pore structure. The model with a lower porosity would lead to a higher saturation of biofilm-water layer (BWL), as well as a higher reduction of the porosity. The required time to reach the maximum BWL was the same, when assuming the growth process of methanogen was homogeneous and isotopic.

Polymer composites with magnetically active Eu-substituted NiZn ferrite fillers

In this research, the influence of Eu substitution on structural, quasi-static as well as dynamic (electro)magnetic properties of nickel zinc ferrites has been studied. The correlation of increasing europium content in the substituted NiZn ferrite filler with constant concentration (60 vol%) and the frequency dispersion of the complex permeability in magnetically active composite samples has been explored as well. Eu-substituted nickel-zinc ferrites with chemical composition Ni0.3Zn0.7EuxFe2-xO4, where x changes from 0.00 to 0.10 (step 0.02) ions per formula unit (i./f.u.), have been selected for their high initial permeability and in general good other magnetic parameters. On contrary, non-substituted ferrite of this composition exhibits undesirably low Curie temperature inconvenient for the use of these materials even at room temperatures. Therefore, Eu has been selected as a substituent for its known ability to increase the Curie temperature of prepared ferrites. The ferrites have been synthesized by means of the conventional solid state reaction method including double sintering at the temperatures of 950 °C and 1200 °C and used as magnetically active fillers incorporated into the magnetic polymer composites. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) has been used as the polymeric matrix. In spite of substituent amount x being the only parameter changing intentionally, the behavior of both the ferrite filler (deterministic until the creation of the second, non-magnetic, phase above x = 0.04) and the ferrite/PVC composites is quite hard to explain, and validate quantitatively, on the basis of simple theoretical assumptions. Nevertheless, the experiments confirmed positive effect of europium on the increase of Curie temperature. Also, the peak frequency of the imaginary component of the complex permeability has been found to be very sensitive to x, thus offering an effective tool for tuning the high-frequency properties of the composites useable for various applications, especially the shielding of microwave electromagnetic fields.

Combination of pure oxygen pretreatment and near‐freezing temperature storage inhibits browning, maintains antioxidant and physicochemical quality of fresh‐cut nectarines

AbstractFresh‐cut fruits were convenient for consumers but vulnerable to quality deterioration, including browning, softening, and volatile aroma loss. In this study, the whole nectarines were pretreated with 100% O2 (pure oxygen, PO) for 2 h and stored at near‐freezing temperature (NFT, −1.5 ± 0.1°C) for 9 days after cutting. We investigated the changes of samples in browning degree, enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability, antioxidant activity, and aroma components. Specifically, PO pretreatment increased the peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activities, which endows the whole nectarines with resistance to environmental stresses before fresh‐cut. NFT storage effectively inhibited the activity of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the increase of the total phenolic content (TPC). Higher antioxidant levels and anti‐browning effects were observed in fresh‐cut nectarines treated with PO + NFT, which demonstrated by higher levels of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, ferricion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and enzyme activity ratios (ratio 1 and ratio 2). During the storage of 9 days, the firmness and membrane permeability were preserved, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was suppressed, which delayed the softening of nectarine tissue. Furthermore, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid (TA) were also well preserved by PO + NFT, which maintained the physiological and metabolic qualities. Electronic nose tests revealed that PO + NFT postponed the volatile aroma deterioration. In conclusion, PO + NFT effectively maintains the storage quality of fresh‐cut nectarines.

Nonlinear Seepage Mechanism and Evolution Law of CO2 Enhancing Coalbed Methane Recovery

China’s coal seam permeability is low, and the original coal seam gas extraction is difficult. CO2 displacement of coal seam CH4 technology is an effective gas extraction technology. CO2 is injected into the coal seam under pressure, and competitive adsorption occurs with CH4 in the pores. The gas composition is nonuniformly distributed, and its viscosity μ is the dynamic parameter. As the gas is compressible, the pressure drops, and migration distance does not satisfy a linear relationship. Therefore, the gas transport does not conform to Darcy’s law. The mass transfer process and a multicomponent gas competitive adsorption were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The adsorption characteristics and gas compressibility determine the distribution of the gas components in pores and change the gas dynamic viscosity in different regions. The change in the gas dynamic viscosity in the channel is the direct reason for the nonlinear pressure gradient and gas flow curve. The permeability and gas component affect the degree of nonlinear deviation of the gas flow and pressure gradient curve. This affects the nonlinear deviation degree of the curve by changing the gas dynamic viscosity in the pore channel during displacement. The reasonable displacement pressure is the critical pressure (PO) through experimental and theoretical analysis.

A source-to-surface model of heat and fluid transport in the Taupō Rift, New Zealand

We construct 2-D numerical models of bulk heat and water transport from the mid-crust (10 km depth) to the surface in a 20 km-wide continental rift, based on observations from the Taupō Rift in the central Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ) of New Zealand.The model represents a simplified geological setting with two low-permeability basement-like rock-types, the first defining the margins of the rift and the second a distinct ‘rifted basement’. The rift is overlain with a 2 km-thick, 20 km-wide layer of shallow volcanic infill. At the base of model there is a 10 km-deep heat source (the ‘hotplate’) with a specified TVZ-like heat flux of 0.77 Wm−2 and a ‘target’ average hotplate temperature of 700o to 900 °C, required to maintain the low melt fractions at ∼10 km depth inferred from geophysics.Parameterising the permeability of the rifted basement is a key part of the paper as it enables both the heat flux boundary condition and a temperature constraint to be satisfied at the hotplate. More generally, it allows the flexibility to control the depth of temperature contours which represent proxies for geophysical measurements. It is described as a power-law for log10(horizontal component of permeability, kh) with specified values of kh at two depths and a power law exponent as free parameters. Viable models which satisfy all constraints for the hydrothermal system beneath the TVZ rift have a power-law exponent less than ∼0.4, shallow (2 km deep) kh's of 10–14.0 to 10–13.0 m2, and deep (10 km) kh‘s <10–16.5 m2. The vertical component of the rifted basement permeability, kv, is ten times higher than kh.A generic feature of the models is that irregular, unsteady convection occurs in the upper ∼5 km of the rift. This results in temporal and spatial fluctuations in heat and fluid flow which are interpreted as high-temperature TVZ-like geothermal systems which have temperatures of ca. 300 °C at 2 km depth. Over the nominal simulation time of 3 Myr, approximately 40% of the geothermal systems are clustered within ∼2 km of the rift margins, with the remainder distributed roughly uniformly across the rift. Between the geothermal systems cool recharge from the surface occurs, with temperatures as low as 50 °C occurring at 5 km depth. The models successfully match temperature proxies for the depths of maximum seismicity (450 °C) and shallowest partial melt (> 700 °C) inferred from geophysical observations.Heat transport within the rift is dominated by convection. This is true even at 10 km depth, at the base of the geothermal systems, where kh in the rifted basement approaches 10−17 m2. In this situation, the relatively large value of vertical permeability kv, ∼ 10−16 m2, allows convection to occur. Conductive heat transport dominates in regions ∼1 km in vertical extent immediately above the hotplate and between the geothermal systems.The vigour of the hydrothermal systems is controlled by the permeability of the shallow volcanics, through which all cold surface recharge and hot outflows of fluid occur. Models with low permeability for the shallow volcanics produce longer lasting and higher temperature geothermal systems, and those with high permeability produce fewer and cooler geothermal systems.

Develop the artificial neural network approach to predict thermal transport analysis of nanofluid inside a porous enclosure

This study explores the impacts of heat transportation on hybrid (Ag + MgO) nanofluid flow in a porous cavity using artificial neural networks (Bayesian regularization approach (BRT-ANN) neural networks technique). The cavity considered in this analysis is a semicircular shape with a heated and a cooled wall. The dynamics of flow and energy transmission in the cavity are influenced by various features such as the effect of magnetize field, porosity and volume fraction of nanoparticles. To explore the outcomes of these features on hybrid nanofluid thermal and flow transport, a BRT-ANN model is developed. The ANN model is trained using a dataset generated through numerical scheme. The trained ANN model is then used to predict the heat and flow transport characteristics for various input parameters. The accuracy of the ANN simulation is confirmed through comparison of the predicted results with the results obtained through numerical simulations. By maintaining the corrugated wall uniformly heated, we inspected the levels of isotherms, streamlines and heat transfer distribution. A graphical illustration highlights the characteristics of the Hartmann and Rayleigh numbers, permeability component in porous material, drag force and rate of energy transport. According to the percentage analysis, nanofluids (Ag + MgO/H2O) are prominent to enhance the thermal distribution of traditional fluids. The study demonstrates the potential of ANNs in predicting the impacts of various factors on hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transport, which can be useful in designing and optimizing heat transfer systems.

Analysis of the permeable and retainable components of Cayratia japonica ointment through intact or broken skin after topical application by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with in vitro transdermal assay

Cayratia japonica ointment has been used for many years to promote wound healing after perianal abscess surgery. This study aimed to determine the skin-permeable and skin-retainable components of Cayratia japonica ointment after topical application to intact or broken skin via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis and in vitro transdermal assay. Moreover, a combination of semi-quantitative and molecular docking analyses was performed to identify the main active components of the Cayratia japonica ointment and the probable phases of the wound healing process that they act on. Modified vertical Franz diffusion cells and abdominal skin of rats were selected for the in vitro transdermal study. Mass spectrometry data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes. A total of 7 flavonoids (schaftoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin) and 1 coumarin (esculetin), were found to permeate and/or retained by intact or broken skin. Among them, the flavonoids were more permeable through intact/broken skin and exhibited stronger binding affinities for targets related to the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing. This study suggests that the flavonoids in Cayratia japonica ointment are most likely the main active components and are crucial at the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing.

The diversity of isofrequency surface topologies in a hypercrystal composed of ferrite- and semiconductor-based metamaterials

Recent studies have centered on the potential for effectively controlling the topology state of iso-frequency surfaces in artificial photonic structures using external fields. This paper delves into the topological transitions and singularity states of the isofrequency surface of a highly anisotropic superlattice. This superlattice is composed of alternating layers of ferrite-dielectric and semiconductor-dielectric metamaterials. The superlattice is placed in an external magnetic field in the Voigt geometry that is parallel to the boundaries of the structure layers and perpendicular to the periodicity axis. Material properties of both constituent metamaterials are described in terms of effective components of permittivity and permeability in the long-wave approximation. An external magnetic field influences the properties of transverse electric (TE) waves in the ferrite-dielectric metamaterial, and the properties of transverse magnetic (TM) waves in the semiconductor-dielectric metamaterial. This results in the iso-frequency surface transition from a closed ellipsoid to an open hyperboloid for both TE and TM waves in various configurations. Furthermore, the superlattice can be identified as a hypercrystal under certain conditions, specifically when the constituent metamaterials possess a hyperbolic isofrequency surface state. This research demonstrates that the isofrequency surface properties of the studied hypercrystal can be effectively controlled by altering the external magnetic field, the fill factors of metamaterials, and frequency. Special attention is devoted to investigating the topological singularities that take place when iso-frequency surfaces of TE and TM polarized waves intersect. This intersection leads to the degeneracy of the hypercrystal’s isofrequency surface and the potential observation of unique phenomena such as conical refraction or the existence of surface states.

Flavonoids from Peony Seed Meal by Nanofiltration Membrane Separation

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with a wide range of biological activities (antioxidation, antitumor, and immunomodulatory). The membrane separation method of flavonoids has a high recovery and biological activity, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional methods for the separation of bioactive molecules. In this study, ethanol-water ( v / v ) solution was used to extract peony seed meal. The extraction rate of total flavonoids from peony seed meal was 35.28%. Five microfiltration membranes, polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose acetate (CA), polyether sulfone (PES), and polyamide (PA), were selected to pretreat the extracts, and their separation performance was investigated. A new PA-supported silicone film was prepared by sol-gel method using 1,2-bis(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)ETHANE (BTESE) as a carrier. The synthesized BTESE/PA composite membrane was applied to the purification of organic silica PSMF solution by nanofiltration process. The optimal pressure of nanofiltration operation is 0.8 MPa, and the membrane flux can reach 2.06 kg·m-2·h-1. The mass concentration of flavonoids in the retention solution was decreased to 860.56 mg·L-1, and the permeable components of PSMF were effectively separated. The total flavonoid content of the purified lyophilized powder was 146.12 mg·g-1, which was 2.4 times that before purification. The results show that PSMF can be effectively separated by BTESE/PA membrane, and the membrane solution has good antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of Structural, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Properties of Co2+-Substituted NiCuZn Ferrites.

We report citrate gel-assisted autocombusted spinel-type Co2+-substituted NiCuZn ferrites and their electromagnetic properties. Several complementary techniques were used to investigate the influence of Co on structural and electromagnetic properties of Ni0.25-xCoxCu0.20Zn0.55Fe2O4 with x = 0.00-0.25 (step of 0.05). XRD analysis confirmed the highly crystalline single-phase cubic spinel structure with a prominent peak of the (311) plane. FE-SEM analysis showed the loss of porous gel structure (colloidal backbone) due to addition of cobalt into the present ferrite system. The EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, and O in accordance with the relative stoichiometry of Co-substituted NiCuZn ferrite. The electrical resistivity of ferrites is observed to decrease when Co2+ ions are substituted, regardless of AC and DC. The dielectric properties (ε' and ε″) of ferrites exhibited a consistent decrease as the frequency increased, and this trend persisted even at higher frequencies. VSM analysis showed the normal magnetic hysteresis of the developed ferrite system. At x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization of the ferrite was obtained to be the highest among the other substitution levels of Co. The Curie temperature fell down when there was a higher concentration of cobalt in the ferrite system (x = 0.20). After reaching a specific temperature, the μi values decreased abruptly, with an increase in the temperature. The steady state may be deduced from the fact that the constant real component of the initial permeability, μ', remained unchanged. However, with decreasing frequency, the values of μ″ decreased dramatically. The present NiCuZn ferrite series displays the enhanced dielectric properties suggesting the capability of potential candidates for microwave absorption applications with enhanced electromagnetic properties.

Concurrent Measurement of Local and Global in-Plane Permeability of Reinforcement Fabrics through Real-Time Image Processing.

Properties of reinforcement fabrics, such as permeability, are typically characterized in a volume-averaging sense, whereas the fabric microstructure may vary spatially. This makes designing an effective resin infusion strategy for defect-free composite fabrication challenging. Our work presents a concurrent method for simultaneously measuring the local and global in-plane permeability and offers a handy technique for evaluating spatial variability. This experimental setup was similar to that of unidirectional in-plane permeability tests. The fabric, however, should be cut and tested along the angle bisector of warp and weft directions. The evolution of resin flow fronts was analyzed in real-time using in-house code through live video monitoring. The local and global in-plane permeability components were then obtained by applying Darcy's law regionally and globally. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by radial permeability experiments. Statistical analysis of local permeability reveals that the microstructure variability follows a normal distribution. A complete description of fabric microstructure provided by X-ray microcomputed tomography suggests that local permeability and microstructure variation are closely related, confirming the efficacy of the newly proposed method. This work enables the estimation of fabric structure variability and local and global in-plane permeability in a single test without resorting to expensive volume imaging techniques.

Study of CoCe0.05Fe1.95O4-polypyrrole composite for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding

The synthesis of nanocomposites with magnetic and microwave absorbing properties was achieved via sol-gel process merge with the self-combustion methodology. The X-ray diffraction results showed that nanocomposites consisted of a single spinel phase and no impurities were detected. The hysteresis loop showed the nanocomposites' ferromagnetic character. Measurements of saturation magnetization, alternating current susceptibility, cation distribution, and Curie temperature were taken to evaluate the magnetic properties. The permittivity (ε′, ε″) varied as a function of frequency in accordance with Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization. The actual and fictitious components of microwave permeability showed a maximum at lower frequencies and decreased as frequency increased. Due to its superparamagnetic behavior, the composite has potential applications in shielding technologies.

Anisotropic Evolution of Effective Stress and Pore Pressure during Coalbed Methane Drainage

Summary The anisotropy and dynamic variation in permeability of gas-adsorbing coals have a significant influence on fluid flow behavior in the cleat system. The assumption of a constant anisotropy coefficient (the ratio between permeability components in orthogonal directions) has been traditionally made to simplify the seepage-stress coupling analytical model. In this approach, the pressure drop of the coalbed is separated into desorption and nondesorption areas. To evaluate the effective stress, pore pressure, permeability distribution, and variable anisotropy coefficient more accurately, analytical formulas were developed that consider elastic mechanics and methane sorption. The results show that the anisotropy coefficient can be dynamic when cleat compressibility anisotropy exists. Pressure contours are a set of ellipses that increase in eccentricity from the near-wellbore area to the pressure drop boundary, leading to corresponding anisotropy changes in effective stress and permeability. The gas desorption-related matrix shrinkage effect causes a discontinuous pressure drop gradient at the boundary between desorption and nondesorption areas, resulting in nonsmooth pressure drop curves. The pressure gradient difference changes with the radius of the desorption area and is nonisotropic, with the high-permeability direction showing a greater difference than the low-permeability direction. These results indicate that the dynamic anisotropy coefficient has a significant impact on coalbed drainage and extraction. Compared to previous mathematical models, which assumed permeability isotropy or constant anisotropy coefficient in cleat systems, the proposed model provides a more accurate method to evaluate pressure and permeability distribution.

Eddy current suppression and soft magnetism enhancement in FeGaB-based magnetic composites with alumina lamination

FeGaB thin films have excellent magnetostrictive and soft magnetic properties. Unfortunately, severe eddy current loss (ECL) due to its low resistivity makes its employment in energy-efficient structures challenging. Inserting insulating layers into magnetostrictive films is an effective technique to suppress ECL and enhance soft magnetic characteristics. Unresolved is how to exhaustively account for multiple contributing factors and obtain the optimal composite materials design. This study constructed an ECL simulation model of a soft magnetic composite (SMC) using finite element analysis in the COMSOL multiphysics software. To unify the two competing conditions of ECL suppression and magnetostriction reduction, the impacts of inserted alumina (thickness and the number of layers), FeGaB size (thickness and area), and applied frequency (0.01–1 GHz) were studied. SMC inserted with four layers of 5 nm Al2O3 can achieve remarkable overall performance, including good ECL suppression (85 %) but slightly reduced magnetostriction (1.8 %). Moreover, it was revealed that the ECL suppression has a size effect at high frequencies (1 GHz) when the SMC thickness surpasses 0.6–1 μm. To achieve the unification of simulation and experiment, a 120 nm/(Al2O3 5 nm/FeGaB 120 nm)4 SMC was produced and compared to a single-layer thin film of FeGaB. The SMC showed a superior soft magnetic characteristic and permeability after inserting Al2O3 sheets. Its ultra-low coercivity (0.017 Oe) resulted from the excellent material interface and the domain wall elimination; the permeability was enhanced by the frequency width half maximum lowered to 0.48 GHz, and the higher value of the imaginary component of magnetic permeability was 1303. Consequently, the experiment confirmed that the improvement in the dynamic response characteristics of the SMC is mainly attributable to the suppression of ECL and the enhancement of soft magnetic properties. The composite magnetic film in this study provides a potential solution for energy-efficient high-frequency structures.

Universal Behavior of Highly Confined Heat Flow in Semiconductor Nanosystems: From Nanomeshes to Metalattices

Nanostructuring on length scales corresponding to phonon mean free paths provides control over heat flow in semiconductors and makes it possible to engineer their thermal properties. However, the influence of boundaries limits the validity of bulk models, while first-principles calculations are too computationally expensive to model real devices. Here we use extreme ultraviolet beams to study phonon transport dynamics in a 3D nanostructured silicon metalattice with deep nanoscale feature size and observe dramatically reduced thermal conductivity relative to bulk. To explain this behavior, we develop a predictive theory wherein thermal conduction separates into a geometric permeability component and an intrinsic viscous contribution, arising from a new and universal effect of nanoscale confinement on phonon flow. Using experiments and atomistic simulations, we show that our theory applies to a general set of highly confined silicon nanosystems, from metalattices, nanomeshes, porous nanowires, to nanowire networks, of great interest for next-generation energy-efficient devices.

Investigation of the permeability anisotropy of porous sandstone induced by complex stress conditions

The permeability of hydrocarbon reservoirs composed of porous rock is anisotropic under asymmetrical stress configuration. A proper understanding of this characteristic is essential for an accurate prediction of flow capacity. The permeability sensitivity of porous sandstone to stresses is investigated by experiments and discrete element method simulations. Based on the rhombic-packed granular system, an analytical model is proposed to quantitively calculate the components of tensorial permeability affected by stresses and to evaluate the evolution of permeability anisotropy. The permeability decrement is more sensitive to the principal stress perpendicular to its seepage direction than that parallel with. The intrinsic relationships between the sensitivity behaviors under different stress conditions are revealed according to the variation of flow apertures, which is controlled by the micro sensitivity factor α. The prediction of permeability sensitivity behaviors and anisotropy to stresses are consistent with the experimental and simulated results. Deviatoric stress can induce high permeability anisotropy in initially-homogenous porous reservoirs and produce a preferential flow path perpendicular to minimum principal stress.

Investigation of the effective hydro-mechanical properties of soil-rock mixtures using the multiscale numerical manifold model

This study focuses on determination of the effective hydro-mechanical properties of a widespread geological mélange, the Soil-Rock Mixture (SRM), using the multiscale Numerical Manifold Method (NMM). Influences of the Volumetric Block Proportion (VBP), block size, block shape, block orientation angle and micro-dynamics on the effective properties are investigated thoroughly. The SRM structural models are generated within the NMM framework in a statistical manner. The effective properties are extracted using the multiscale theory where micro-dynamics is fully considered based on the extended Hill-Mandel lemma. Through numerical simulations, the VBP and block orientation angle prove to be the first and second most influential factors. A growing VBP leads to increasing deformation moduli but decreasing effective permeability and Biot’s factor. Normal components of permeability and deformation tensors are positively proportional to the corresponding normal intersecting areas formed by sample cross-sections and blocks while shear components are positively proportional to sums of the normal and shear intersecting areas. Introducing micro-dynamics and diminishing the time step make the effective permeability and deformation moduli rise while Biot’s coefficient decrease. The accuracy and stability of the multiscale NMM are validated by comparing present results with those of empirical formulae and single-scale numerical methods.

Mapping a hierarchical dimensional structure of high experiential permeability: A bass-ackward approach to linking positive schizotypy and openness to experience.

Research on dimensional models of personality pathology has achieved a good deal of consensus on the 5 broad constructs that span adaptive and maladaptive personality traits. Nonetheless, connections between the 5th domain, typically called openness to experience within general personality measures and psychoticism or schizotypy on maladaptive measures, have proven more challenging to integrate. Using experiential permeability as a guiding framework, the current study seeks to develop a hierarchical, empirically derived lower order structure with these concepts. Using a top-down "Bass-Ackward" approach, we examined the item-level structure of adaptive and maladaptive components of high experiential permeability. Results showed support for a hierarchical model with a 6-component solution including mystical beliefs/experiences, oddity, intellect, openness to aesthetics, openness to ideas, and introspection. These components from items drawn from general and maladaptive measures related to one another within and across levels, specifically oddity and openness to aesthetics. Findings also highlight the importance of using lower level analyses when examining larger, heterogeneous constructs such as schizotypal thinking and perception and openness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Giant effect on structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of lead-free Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xAlxO3 ceramics via Sr and Al Co-doping engineering

In this research, structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of Al 3+ substituted Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xAlxO3 ceramics (where x = 0.00 to 0.20) have been investigated and discussed. The ceramic samples have been successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystallinity of the prepared samples has been confirmed by x-ray peak broadening techniques such as the Williamson Hall (W-H) plot technique and the Scherrer method. The lattice constant ‘a’, showing a significant drop as Al concentration increases, varies from 3.942 Å to 3.921 Å. The FTIR spectrum revealed a prominent peak between 435 cm−1 to 540 cm−1, without showing any secondary phase. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the prepared samples are in cubic phase with no phase transition. The shifting of a dominating peak in Raman at 580 cm−1 is due to the development of Al Ti defects. VSM analysis at room temperature showed the ferromagnetic characteristics of all the samples. The highest value of the anisotropic constant (Ka ∼ 39.933 emu cm−3) has been seen at x = 0.10. The real component of initial permeability is almost constant for the frequency range of about 75 MHz, and above this frequency range, it quickly reduces. At the high-frequency range, the prepared samples show an excellent relative quality factor due to the low dielectric loss, notably when x = 0.05. The prepared perovskites exhibited minimum eddy current loss characteristics due to the increment of AC resistivity at x = 0.20. UV–visible spectroscopy shows a significant change in the energy bandgap from 3.23 eV to 3.04 eV with the doping concentrations.