Permanent Weight Loss Research Articles

Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs.

COVID-19 can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv) and a 129S calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) null-line with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological signs including fever, dizziness, and nausea. We then evaluated whether a CGRP receptor antagonist, olcegepant, a "gepant" antagonist used in migraine treatment, could mitigate acute neuroinflammatory and neurological signs of SARS-COV-2 infection. First, we determined whether CGRP receptor antagonism provided protection from permanent weight loss in older (>18 m) C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv mice. We also observed acute fever, dizziness, and nausea in all older mice, regardless of treatment. In both wild-type mouse lines, CGRP antagonism reduced acute interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with virtually no IL-6 release in mice lacking αCGRP. These findings suggest that migraine inhibitors such as those blocking CGRP receptor signaling protect against acute IL-6 release and subsequent inflammatory events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may have repercussions for related pandemic or endemic coronavirus outbreaks.IMPORTANCECoronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we first infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129S) with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological symptoms including fever and nausea. Furthermore, we showed that the migraine treatment drug olcegepant could reduce long-term weight loss and IL-6 release associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that a migraine blocker can be protective for at least some acute SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and raise the possibility that it may also impact long-term outcomes.

A case study of an acute internal hernia: The complex diagnostic challenges of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass complications.

Obesity remains a global health challenge linked to several comorbidities, such as obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The prevalence of bariatric surgeries being performed is steadily increasing because it is a highly effective surgical tool used to achieve significant permanent weight loss. However, with all weight loss surgeries, several complications may not present for months to years after the initial procedure. In particular, the anatomical changes that occur after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RNYGB) make the risk of internal hernias high. This particular complication is rare but lethal if unrecognized and not treated promptly. This clinical case study aims to provide readers with an overview of diagnosing and recognizing an internal hernia in the setting of previous laparoscopic RNYGB surgical history. Because of the sheer increase in the volume of patients undergoing bariatric surgery worldwide, health care providers must be well educated on the insidious presentations of this late complication and be prepared to act quickly to diagnose and treat these acute abdomen scenarios.

Nutrition and Patient Follow-up in Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity and obesity-related diseases may emerge as a major public health issue in the near future. There are several efective methods to prevent obesity, such as diet, sports, and pharmacotherapy. However, these methods provide temporary weight loss. Bariatric surgery, which has become widespread in recent years, stands out as a method for providing permanent weight loss in obesity treatment. Bariatric surgery not only restricts the volume of the stomach and limits calorie intake but also provides weight-controlled weight loss in the long term. It is considered the most efective treatment method for addressing diseases such as hypertension and diabetes accompanying obesity. Due to its success in preventing obesity, it is a frequently preferred surgical method today. In the postoperative period of this method, potential complications following other surgical interventions that are specific to this method can be observed. Early postoperative complications include bleeding, atelectasis, venous thromboembolism, anastomotic leakage, and rhabdomyolysis. On the other side, late postoperative complications include dumping syndrome, marginal ulcers, and nutritional and vitamin deficiencies. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these complications are essential for the success of bariatric surgery to prevent morbidity and mortality. This review discusses complications commonly encountered in the postoperative period, nutritional problems, and the importance of patient follow-up in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery.

Improving Access to Child and Adolescent Weight Loss Surgery: A Review of Updated National and International Practice Guidelines.

The rise of childhood obesity is a growing concern due to its negative impact on health.Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) has gained popularity as an effective and adequate intervention for children and adolescent patients living with severe obesity. Nonetheless, access to MBS for this population is still limited. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive review of the latest national and international practice guidelines and improve access to MBS for children and adolescents. The paper focuses on the recommendations from the 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and 2022 guidelines from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). Recently updated guidelines from the ASMBS and IFSO aim to improve access to MBS for children and adolescents and recommend patient selection, preoperative evaluation, and postoperative care. While lifestyle changes, medication, and behavioral therapy are commonly prescribed, they often fail to achieve permanent weight loss and its maintenance. Weight-loss surgeries like sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (RYGB) show promising results in managing severe obesity in adolescents. SG has become the preferred method for treating severe obesity in adolescents, surpassing RYGB. Weight stigma is also explored in this review, revealing its negative effects on individuals who are overweight and underweight. Furthermore, telehealth is identified as an increasingly valuable tool for managing pediatric obesity, as it can improve access to care, particularly for those in remote areas where physicians trained to treat childhood obesity and the shortage of bariatric surgeons experienced in treating younger adolescents and pediatricians with advanced training are major obstacles.

Evaluation eines online-basierten Motivations- und Dokumentationsprogramms zur Gewichtsreduktion

Evaluation of an online-based motivation and documentation programme for weight loss. Results of a randomised controlled study Objectives: The objective of the study was to examine whether the use of an online-based motivation and documentation programme leads to weight loss within one year in overweight employees, compared to a control group. Methods: This is a randomised controlled trial conducted from 2018 to 2019 in Ludwigshafen. Members of the intervention and control groups received a measuring tape and a pedometer at the start of the study. Subjects in the intervention group also received access to a website with a motivational programme. At study inclusion, after 6 and 12 months, all study participants received a questionnaire regarding subjective assessment of fitness status, dietary behaviour, and evaluation of the website and pedometer. All study participants also received a monthly newsletter with information on health topics. Results: A total of 279 subjects participated in the study, with information on the primary study endpoint available for 165 (59 %) after 12 months. After 12 months, weight was reduced by 0.73 kg and 1.16 kg in the intervention and control group respectively (mean difference: 0.43 kg; 95% CI: –1.06 kg to 1.92 kg; p = 0.571). Abdominal circumference was reduced by 1.27 cm and 1.74 cm in the intervention and control group respectively (mean difference: 0.47 cm; 95 % CI: –0.96 cm to 1.91 cm; p = 0.521). Regarding subjective assessment of physical activity and dietary behaviour, there were also no statistically significant differences between the groups. Of those who participated in the final survey and, in relation to the website, logged in at least once, the website and pedometer were predominantly rated positively. Conclusions: The study did not show a weight-reducing effect of intervention through the online app. Further studies on digital applications (apps) with adapted or additional functions are needed to evaluate whether they can be a component on the path to desired permanent weight loss in the future. Keywords: randomised controlled trial (RCT) – app – weight loss – fitness

The evaluation of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and frequency of postoperative complications of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman between 2018 and 2020; a cross-sectional study

IntroductionAmong the bariatric surgery procedures, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most common methods for effective and permanent weight loss among patients with severe obesity. Nonetheless, the LSG can be associated with long-term and short-term complications for the patient. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori on the complications of LSG, to answer the question of whether eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients undergoing surgery can be effective in reducing postoperative complications. MethodsIn the present analytical-cross sectional study, which has been conducted in Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman during 2018–2020, a total of 100 patients (including 38 males and 62 females) with an average age of 34.8 ± 2.4 years and an average BMI of 41.1 ± 3.1 underwent LSG surgery. After the operation, the gastric mucus specimens were taken from all patients for pathological examination of Helicobacter pylori infection. ResultsAccording to the results, 28 patients (28%) tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection (HP positive), and 72 patients (72%) tested negative in this regard (HP negative). The results indicated no significant1 difference between the HP positive and HP negative patients in terms of demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI). Overall, 11 patients (11%) exhibited postoperative complications of the LSG including 7 cases (7%) of the SSI, 2 cases (2%) of intraoperative2 bleeding, and 2 cases (2%) of leakage [No mortality was reported]. Out of the 11 patients with postoperative complications, 6 patients were HP positive including 4 cases of SSI, 1 case of bleeding, and 1 case of leakage. ConclusionsAs indicated by the obtained results, the HP infection has seemingly no impact on the LSG postoperative complications. Nevertheless, it is necessary to conduct further studies on a larger number of patients with a longer follow-up time focusing on the effect of other parameters, such as BMI and underlying diseases.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity: Effects on Healthy - Permanent Weight Loss and Psychological Symptoms

Obez bireyler normal kilolu olan bireylere göre fiziksel ve psikolojik hastalıklar yönünden daha fazla risk taşıyabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, obez hastalara Obezite Merkezinde uygulanan multidisipliner yaklaşımın sağlıklı - kalıcı kilo verme ve psikolojik belirtilere etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma 12 aylık (6 modül) Obezite Merkezi Eğitim Programını (OMEP) tamamlamış 50 obez birey ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 47,36±12,88 ve %96,0’ı (n=48) kadındır. İlkokul ve ortaokul mezunu olan katılımcıların Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ) daha yüksektir. Katılımcıların 12 aylık multidispliner yaklaşımlı OMEP sonrasında metabolizma yaşı, vücut ağırlığı, BKİ, vücut yağ kitlesi ağırlığı ve yağsız doku kitlesi ağırlığının anlamlı olarak azaldığı saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların Beck Depresyon ortalamasının 18,68±7,94’ten (orta derece depresyon) 10,56±5,60’a (hafif derecede depresyon) anlamlı olarak düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların uygulama sonrasındaki depresyon düzeyi (10,56±5,60) ile modül sonu BKİ değeri (34,48±4,86) arasında ileri düzeyde pozitif pozitif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. Obezite ile mücadele için obez bireylere uygulanan multidisipliner yaklaşımın kalıcı ve sağlıklı kilo vermede etkili olduğu ve psikolojik semptomları azalttığı görülmektedir. Obez bireylerin kilo verme sürecinde sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından desteklenmeleri önemlidir.

The Comparison of the Clinical and Metabolic Results of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Versus One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients

Background: The most effective treatment for permanent weight loss is bariatric surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate the early period effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB...

A descriptive study of ten-year longitudinal changes in weight and waist circumference in the multi-ethnic rural Northern Norway. The SAMINOR Study, 2003-2014.

The obesity epidemic is dynamic with varying secular trends and differences between countries and ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to describe the age- and sex-specific longitudinal changes in weight and waist circumference in a rural Norwegian population with a high proportion of the indigenous Sami population. Based on two population-based surveys, SAMINOR 1 (2003–2004) and SAMINOR 2 (2012–2014), we present longitudinal changes in weight and waist circumference according to age at baseline in the SAMINOR 1 Survey and sex during the 10-year period. The analyses included 1538 men and 1958 women aged 36 to 69 at baseline (birth year 1934 to 1967). Forty-one percent of the population were Sami. Both weight and waist circumference were measured. The mean weight increased 0.8 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.1) in men and 0.3 kg (95% confidence interval: 0, 0.5) in women. In both men and women, younger individuals gained significantly more weight during the 10-year follow-up than older participants (p < 0.001). The mean weight showed a statistically significant increase in men aged 36–54 and women aged 36–49 at baseline and was statistically significantly reduced in men and women aged 60–69. The mean waist circumference increased by 6.3 cm (95% confidence interval: 6.0, 6.6) in men and 8.4 cm (95% confidence interval 8.1, 8.8) in women. The mean waist circumference increased statistically significantly from SAMINOR 1 to SAMINOR 2 in all age groups, and there was an inverse relationship between age at baseline and change in waist circumference (p < 0.001). Waist circumference increased more than can be explained by changes in weight and age during the 10-year period. The inverse relationships between age at baseline in SAMINOR 1 and the 10-year change in weight and waist circumference were found in both Sami and non-Sami participants. The findings underline the need for prevention of obesity, particularly in younger people, as it is difficult to achieve permanent weight loss.

Slim chance for permanent weight loss.

Slim chance for permanent weight loss.

Pharmacotherapy & Surgical Interventions Available for Obesity Management and Importance of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Phytomolecules as Safer Anti-Obesity Therapeutics.

The humans worldwide are facing obesity as a major clinical threat because it is linked with cardiovascular diseases which often have serious consequences. Treatments available for body weight loss do not produce permanent weight loss and they often bear some side effects. To achieve safer antiobesetic therapeutics, researchers are moving towards plant-based therapeutic formulations. Many phytomolecules have been identified as anti-lipolytic functions but none of them have reached up to the clinical level. So there is an essential need to develop effective anti-obesetic medications which not only produce sufficient weight loss but also lack side effects. Plants may prove promising option for the same. In this article, medications and surgical procedures have been reviewed and dealt for weight loss and the role of phytomolecules in anti-obesetic therapeutics has been explored.

Dietary regimens for persons with type 2 diabetes: Recommendations, issues and potential solutions

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem. Altered dietary habits and modern lifestyle lead to obesity and insulin resistance, the main factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. Dietary Regimens for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. There is no consensus on the most appropriate dietary therapy for glycemic control and long-term weight loss. Individualized approach, based on metabolic needs and goals of each patient, is recommended. Because of the relationship between the body mass and insulin resistance, permanent weight loss is the strategy recom?mended to obese patients with diabetes. Permanent weight loss is achieved by reducing caloric intake and increased physical activity. Issues. Although careful nutrition is an essential control element of this disease, most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus consider dietary recommendations too restrictive and reject them, leading to poor glycemic control in over 60% of patients. The feeling of frustration and hopelessness, fear that they will be deprived of their favourite foods, fear that treatment of diabetes will negatively affect their social life, lead to escapism into forbidden foods. Potential solutions. Understanding, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients about the importance of dietary regimens in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are crucial in the new approach of education and public health policies that will support wider acceptance of dietary habits and lead to a better control of the disease. Providing more quality time between doctors and patients for better communication is part of this comprehensive approach, which is the only way to stop the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes.

Modelling body weight, dieting and obesity traps

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical investigation into why losing weight is so difficult even in the absence of rational addiction, time-inconsistent preferences or bounded rationality. We add to the existing literature by focusing on the role that individual metabolism has on weight loss. The results from the theoretical model provide multiple steady states and a threshold revealing a situation of “obesity traps” that the individual must surpass in order to successfully lose weight. Any weight-loss efforts that the individual undertakes have to surpass such threshold in order to result in permanent weight loss, otherwise the individual will gradually regain weight and converge to his or her previous body weight.

Weight Loss Is Not the Answer: A Well‐being Solution to the “Obesity Problem”

AbstractAmericans have been gaining weight in recent decades, prompting widespread concern about the health implications of this change. Governments, health practitioners, and the general public all want to know: What is the best way to reduce the health risks associated with higher body weight? The dominant weight‐loss solution to this “obesity problem” encourages individuals to lose weight through behavior change. This solution rests on the assumptions that higher body weight causes health problems, that permanent weight loss is attainable, and that weight loss improves health. But comprehensive reviews of the scientific evidence find mixed, weak, and sometimes contradictory evidence for these premises. We suggest that a different solution to the “obesity problem” is needed – a solution that acknowledges both the multifaceted nature of health and the complex interaction between person and situation that characterizes the connection between weight and health. Thus, we use the lens of social psychological science to propose an alternative, well‐being solution to the “obesity problem”. This solution has the potential to improve health by encouraging eating and exercising for optimal health rather than weight loss, by developing interventions to reduce weight stigma and discrimination, and by helping higher body‐weight people cope with the stress of stigma and discrimination.

Body Weight, Dieting and Obesity Traps

This paper presents a theoretical investigation into why losing weight is so difficult even in the absence of rational addiction, time-inconsistent preferences or bounded rationality. We add to the existing literature by focusing on the role that individual metabolism has on weight loss. The results from the theoretical model provides multiple steady states and a threshold revealing a situation of ''obesity traps that the individual must surpass in order to successfully lose weight. Given such a threshold we investigate if a short-run incentive scheme for weight loss is able to promote persistent weight-losses and what features an incentive scheme should have in order to sustain permanent weight loss. We find that a lump-sum incentive scheme is not always able to lead the individual to permanent weight loss. On the contrary, a non-decreasing incentive scheme with rewards for weight loss according to levels of body weight (i.e. progressive), is able to sustain a steady state reduction in body weight and food consumption.

Understanding Outcomes in Adolescent Bariatric Surgery.

We live in an era of evidence-based medicine. Doctors are expected to be knowledgeable about the relative risks and benefits of different treatment options and to share that information with patients as part of their treatment decision-making. For an invasive procedure such as major surgery, both doctors and patients must consider a host of medical and psychological risks. Before patients agree to undergo an elective surgery, they may be asking themselves a number of questions, including, “Is this treatment right for me?” and “Will life be better afterwards—or worse?” Adolescents considering bariatric surgery are unable to answer these questions with the current evidence, because that evidence is inadequate. There are few longitudinal outcomes data. Moreover, patient-centered outcomes data that could inform clinicians and their young patients about adolescent experiences of surgery are missing from the clinical literature. The absence of these data means that surgical teams are treating severely obese adolescents with procedures that were developed and standardized with adults, without knowing the long-term impact on these patients’ lives.1 As a result, adolescents and their parents must take a giant leap of faith in their decision-making without knowing whether surgery will lead to permanent weight loss or to regain of weight and complications that have to be managed. This evidence gap matters because bariatric surgery could play a major role in treating severely obese adolescents who cannot lose weight.2 Although the growth rate of obesity in US children and adolescents has been leveling off since 2008, severe obesity is on the rise. … Address correspondence to Janet E. Childerhose, PhD, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Rm 400S-24, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800. E-mail: childerh{at}umich.edu

Using new technologies to promote weight management: a randomised controlled trial study protocol.

BackgroundOver the last three decades, overweight and obesity and the associated health consequences have become global public health priorities. Methods that have been tried to address this problem have not had the desired impact, suggesting that other approaches need to be considered. One of the lessons learned throughout these attempts is that permanent weight loss requires sustained dietary and lifestyle changes, yet adherence to weight management programs has often been noted as one of the biggest challenges. This trial aims to address this issue by examining whether social media, as a potential health promotion tool, will improve adherence to a weight management program. To test the effectiveness of this measure, the designated program will be delivered via the popular social networking site Facebook, and compared to a standard delivery method that provides exactly the same content but which is communicated through a pamphlet. The trial will be conducted over a period of twelve weeks, with a twelve week follow-up. Although weight loss is expected, this study will specifically investigate the effectiveness of social media as a program delivery method. The program utilised will be one that has already been proven to achieve weight loss, namely The CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet.Methods/designThis project will be conducted as a 3-arm randomised controlled trial. One hundred and twenty participants will be recruited from the Perth community, and will be randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: the Facebook group, the pamphlet group, or a control group. The Facebook Group will receive the weight management program delivered via a closed group in Facebook, the Pamphlet Group will be given the same weight management program presented in a booklet, and the Control Group will follow the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the National Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults as usual care. Change in weight, body composition and waist circumference will be initial indicators of adherence to the program. Secondary outcome measures will be blood glucose, insulin, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, physical activity, eating behaviour, mental well-being (stress, anxiety, and depression), social support, self-control, self-efficacy, Facebook activity, and program evaluation.DiscussionIt is expected that this trial will support the use of social media - a source of social support and information sharing - as a delivery method for weight management programs, enhancing the reduction in weight expected from dietary and physical activity changes. Facebook is a popular, easy to access and cost-effective online platform that can be used to assist the formation of social groups, and could be translated into health promotion practice relatively easily. It is anticipated in the context of the predicted findings that social media will provide an invaluable resource for health professionals and patients alike.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12614000536662. Date registered: 21 May 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1849-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A Critical Review of the Role of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Treatment Resistant Non-obese Type II Diabetic Patients

Diabetes Mellitus continues to be a growing global problem with millions of new cases yearly. A majority of patients have co-morbid conditions including, but not limited to obesity. Advances in the surgical treatment of obesity have made it popular and effective for patients looking for permanent weight loss solutions. Notably, bariatric surgery achieves not only weight loss, but also a dramatic decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. This has led some to investigate whether bariatric surgery, specifically the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) procedure, may be an effective treatment for type II diabetes in the non-obese as well as the obese population.

Combining Genetic Profiles and Energy Expenditure Measurements to Guide Weight Loss Management Programs

In our present era of widespread obesity, it is without doubt we are all well acquainted with dietary struggles faced by our patients, friends, and family members as they follow the latest commercialized trend trying earnestly to shed those extra pounds. To state the obvious, dieting to achieve permanent weight loss is hard, requiring diligence, a sound plan, and proper support to succeed. But is this all it takes? We hear many stories expressing long-term commitment to well-planned diets that have been assembled by trained nutritionists and dieticians. And of course, encouragement is readily offered by family and friends. Yet, in spite of these well intentioned pursuits, dieting largely fails, often with the added consequence of rebounding to an even greater weight than pre-diet measures. This leads to expressions of anger, frustration, resignation, and confusion. Besides the physical toll, the effect on emotional well-being is inevitable and very often poorly addressed. Perhaps we need to look at this problem from a different perspective; as Albert Einstein taught us, we cannot solve our problems with the same thinking that created them.

A role for PYY3-36 in GLP1-induced insulin secretion

A role for PYY3-36 in GLP1-induced insulin secretion