Permanent Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Robust Control Based on Adaptative Fuzzy Control of Double-Star Permanent Synchronous Motor Supplied by PWM Inverters for Electric Propulsion of Ships

This study presents the development of an adaptive fuzzy control strategy for double-star PMSM-PWM inverters used in ship electrical propulsion. The approach addresses the current and speed tracking challenges of double-star permanent magnet synchronous motors (DSPMSMs) in the presence of parametric uncertainties. Initially, a modeling technique employing a matrix transformation method is introduced, generating decoupled and independent star windings to eliminate inductive couplings, while maintaining model consistency and torque control. The precise DSPMSM model serves as the foundation for an unknown nonlinear backstepping controller, approximated directly using an adaptive fuzzy controller. Through the Lyapunov direct method, system stability is demonstrated. All signals in the closed-loop system are ensured to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). The proposed control system aims for low tracking errors, while also mitigating the impact of parametric uncertainties. The effectiveness of the adaptive fuzzy nonlinear control system is validated through tests conducted in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, utilizing the OPAL-RT platform, OP4510.

Torque Ripple Reduction of Model Predictive Controlled Five-Phase PMSM Drives With Open-Circuit Faults

In this article, a fault-tolerant model predictive current control method is proposed to improve the fault-tolerant ability of a five-phase permanent synchronous magnet motor drive under single and multiple open-circuit faults operations. On the principle of the optimal current control, general reference currents are derived to suppress torque ripples. To obtain the reference currents, a Fast Fourier Transformation-based current estimation model is established. The torque ripple can be reduced by modifying the reference currents in the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d3-q3</i> axis transformed from the estimation model. Finally, experimental results validate the effectiveness of the developed fault-tolerant control strategy and the robustness against operating points and motor parameter mismatches.

고장진단을 위한 영구자석형 동기모터 유한요소 모델 개발

This paper proposes a high-fidelity finite element model of a permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) to predict electromagnetic responses. The proposed method aims to generate electromagnetic responses from the PMSM under various operational conditions-including normal and faulty conditions-by coupling several partial differential equations governing the electromagnetics of a PMSM. The rotor eccentricity is considered to be a representative fault of a PMSM, which has electromagnetic characteristics that differ from the healthy state of a PMSM. Note that eccentricity is the most frequent fault during PMSM operation. Therefore, the proposed model could replicate the defected torque responses of an actual motor system. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using measurements from a PMSM test bench. Quantitative comparison reveals that the proposed model could replicate both the transient- and steady-state torque responses of the PMSM of interest at a variety of operational conditions, including a faulty status. The proposed model could be used to generate virtual electromagnetic responses of a PMSM, which could be used for data-driven fault detection methods of electric motor systems.

Cloud-Based Underactuated Resilient Control for Cyber-Physical Systems Under Actuator Attacks

Cyber attacks threaten the security of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) seriously. Resilient control has been studied to defend cyber attacks. However, existing resilient control schemes have not considered system structure changes caused by actuator attacks. Such structure changes are more destructive and harmful than the actuator attack scenarios investigated in the literature, demanding new resilient control strategies. They will be addressed in this paper in cloud computing environments, which are increasingly deployed in large-scale CPSs. More specifically, a resilient control scheme is designed which consists of two controllers: a local resilient controller and a cloud-based resilient controller. The local resilient controller withstands actuator attacks that simply tampers the actuator output to a large extent. The cloud-based resilient controller aims to resist the actuator attacks that destroy the system structure. Simulations are conducted on a permanent synchronous motor control system to demonstrate the proposed resilient control scheme.

Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor as Promising Solution for Traction Applications

Traction applications, such as electric and hybrid vehicles, require the electrical motor to be operated at low load conditions during most of their driving cycle. Permanent magnet (PM) motors in this case may not be an optimal choice due to their poor efficiency under low load conditions despite the fact that they exhibit the best output characteristics at the rated load. However, the wound rotor synchronous motor (WRSM) demonstrates the best efficiency at low load conditions due to their controllable excitation. This paper presents an interesting comparison of WRSM and the PM motor in terms of their efficiency over the entire drive cycle of traction applications, which demonstrates that WRSMs are more suitable compared to the apparently best performance PM motor. A WRSM with similar dimensions to the 2010 Toyota Prius interior permanent synchronous motor (IPMSM) was designed and optimized in this regard. The performance comparison of the PM motor and the WRSM was presented using 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) for the WRSM and the performance analysis report of the Toyota Prius IPMSM published by the US department of energies. The FEA analysis shows that the WRSM can achieve wide torque speed characteristics. Moreover, the WRSM exhibits better efficiency under low load conditions at the higher speed or field weakening region.

Chaos and Dynamics Induced by the Amplitude of Load Torque: Analysis and Control

In this contribution, the dynamics and chaos control of a permanent magnet reluctance synchronous motor (PMSM) with constant, sinusoidal, and square load torque taking the reference rotor speed and the stator voltage on d-q-axis are analyzed. The analysis shows that under some conditions, varying amplitude of the load torque, PMSM presents period doubling route to chaos with one and double-scroll attractors and bursting oscillations. We use the self-feedback delay controller to stabilize the output trajectory by forcing to the periodic solution. Furthermore, an analog circuit is designed and implemented in OrCAD-PSpice software to verify the numerical results and good agreement is observed with numerical results.

Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control for Nine-Phase PMSM Drives Based on Improved Axis Rotation

Fault probability rises with an increase in the number of current sensors in multi-phase permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. This paper proposes an improved axis rotation method for fault diagnosis and tolerant control to make the multi-phase PMSM drives against current sensor loss signal and gain faults. This method can effectively diagnose and distinguish faults without selecting a threshold value, and the degree of fault can be further estimated. The proposed method makes current sensor fault diagnosis and tolerant control become an integrated module. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by different fault diagnoses and tolerant control experiments of a 9 kw nine-phase PMSM drive.

60° phase difference current control‐based open‐phase fault‐tolerant operation strategy for open‐end winding permanent synchronous motor

AbstractAs the most favorable candidate of electric vehicle drive system, the fault tolerance of open‐end winding permanent synchronous motor (OEW‐PMSM) fed by dual inverter with common DC bus is of great significance because it is related to the reliability and safety of the system. Aiming at the most common fault of open‐phase, a fault‐tolerant operation strategy based on 60° phase difference current control is proposed by making full use of the characteristics that each phase of OEW‐PMSM can be controlled independently. Through this method, the same stator rotating magnetic field can be generated before and after the open‐phase fault without reconfiguring the controller, so as to reduce the torque ripple after the fault and ensure the continuous and stable fault‐tolerant operation of the motor. In addition, this method can reduce the switching times by 50%. The proposed method can reduce the switching loss by 50% compared with the ordinary modulation method, reduce the switching loss, and will not produce large zero sequence current. Experimental results show that the fault‐tolerant performance of this strategy is significantly improved compared with the traditional methods.

Integrated Taguchi method‐assisted polynomial Metamodelling &amp; Genetic Algorithm based optimisation of a surface inset permanent synchronous motor for performance improvement

In this study, an Integrated Taguchi method-assisted polynomial Metamodelling & Genetic Algorithm (ITM&GA)-based optimisation technique is implemented for design optimisation of a surface inset permanent magnet synchronous motor (SIPMSM). The motor geometry is analysed by implementing the finite element method for application of the motor in electric compressors of the cooling system of an electric vehicle (EV). The polynomial surrogate model is computed with the help of Taguchi experiments to eliminate the redesigning process of models to reach the optimum values of design parameters and reduce the ambiguity to select the best optimum solution in Traditional Taguchi Method. The root-mean-square error test is performed to validate the accuracy of metamodels. The optimum solutions are then converged using the GA technique. The optimum results are compared and presented. Using the ITM&GA technique, the reduction in unwanted ripples in torque and cogging torque along with the improved torque performance of the motor is achieved successfully. The proposed mechanism is effective in obtaining quick and accurate solutions for preliminary designs of the SIPMSM for the electric compressor application in EVs.

Integrated controller design of a permanent magnet iron core linear synchronous motor for macro-micro positioning

ABSTRACT In this paper, a hybrid ASMC&VSC high-precision motion controller for positioning systems is proposed. Specifically, in this system, a new structure with an adaptive sliding-mode control (ASMC) algorithm is described, which aims to achieve the following three goals: (1) the adjustable feature of variable speed control (VSC) to effectively improve the transient response in positioning; (2) precise positioning (submicrometer level); (3) excellent positioning convergence performance. Finally, according to the reported experimental results, satisfactory performance, including step regulation and tracking sinusoid, has been achieved. Therefore, the method of integrating a set of effective controllers is shown to be feasible and effective in the high-precision motion control of permanent magnet iron core linear synchronous motors (PMLSM).

Random Walk와 Simplex 방법을 이용한 V-shape 매입형 영구자석 동기전동기의 코깅토크 저감 최적 설계

This paper presents random walk and simplex optimization algorithm on an optimal design of V-shape interior permanent synchronous motor (V-shape IPMSM). The IPMSM can easily generates a cogging torque because of change in magnetic circuit by interaction between permanent magnets and stator slots. Therefore minimization of the cogging torque, which generates vibration and noise, is an important factor in design of IPMSM. This paper proposes the optimal shape design of V-shape IPMSM using random walk and simplex method for minimizing cogging torque.

A General Double Vector-Based Model Predictive Current Control for the Dual Three-Phase Motors

Traditional model predictive current control (MPCC) for motors can only choose one optimal voltage vector during one control period, which creates problems of over-regulation or under-regulation for the current tracking. With zero vectors being injected in the chosen optimal voltage vector, the traditional MPCC can obtain better performance, which is called duty cycle MPCC. However, whether the traditional or the duty cycle MPCC is being applied to multiphase motors, it is more difficult for the phase to increase. In this paper, a general double vector-based MPCC mechanism has been studied for a dual three-phase permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) with dual Y shift 30° windings used in aerospace propulsion. Firstly, the choosing range of the second voltage vector in duty cycle MPCC was extended to an arbitrary vector; then, the cost function was rationally designed, and the delay compensation was added to improve the control performance as well. Compared with the traditional or duty cycle MPCC, this general double vector-based MPCC has better torque performance and fewer total harmonic distortions in the full speed range and under different load conditions.

Speed and Rotor Position Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on ADRC

Aiming at the accurate estimation of rotor speed and position of surface- mounted permanent synchronous motor, a scheme using extended state observer in the two phase static frame is constructed. The conventional method estimating the rotor speed and position in two phase synchronized rotation reference frame has the problem of error accumulation of the estimated rotor position which was calculated by angular velocity estimated value integral. This method avoids those problems and has advantages. The speed and current closed loop control system is constructed by using the auto disturbance rejection controller to replace the PI regulator. The simulation results validate the accuracy of the rotor speed and position is higher, and the system is stable and has good disturbance rejection performance.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor algorithms based on nonlinear identification generalized predictive and Intelligent fuzzy control system

A control strategy of permanent magnet-oriented field synchronous motor based on intelligent fuzzy control system and generalized predictive control with non-linear identification is proposed to develop the effectiveness of the controlling method of constant magnet-oriented field synchronous motor, the accessor can be split into stabilization control part and intelligent control part. The input of traditional feedback control is used as the stabilization control part, while the feed-forward is incorporated into the intelligent part to compensate for the uncertainties of repetitive load torque and model parameters. The proposed feed forward compensation term uses simple learning rules without any load torque disturbance observer. The additional learning feed forward term does not require information about motor parameters and load torque values, it is insensitive to load torque uncertainty and model parameters, and does not need to identify the system model. With that, the solidness and intermingling confirmation of the proposed control framework reaction is given. The exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the proposed technique has littler speed overshoot list, and the heap torque against aggravation capacity list is improved by over 30%.

MPTC of a six-phase PMSHM with auxiliary voltage vectors

Permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs) have been gradually introduced into the applications of electric vehicles. In order to output more torque, many researchers turned their research direction to six-phase motors. Because it is composed of two sets of three-phase windings, there will be interference between the windings, affecting the performance of the motor. In order to improve the steady and dynamic-state performance of permanent magnet six phase synchronous motor, a predictive torque control method based on multi vector model is proposed in this paper. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of this method.

基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的4 m望远镜控制系统

基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的4 m望远镜控制系统

Improve the performance characteristics of the IPMSM under the effect of the varying loads

Studying the dynamic performance is very important for improving the performance of the electrical machines. The sudden applied or removal the load is very critical for the electrical machines. It may lead to some problems in it's as, mechanical stress, surge current, increase the losses and decrease the motor life time. So, this paper studied this problem and constructed proposal model to reduce the effect of this problem on the electrical machines. This occurred through comparing between the effect of the dynamic load, sudden applied and removal loads on the performance characteristics of interior permanent synchronous motor (IPMSM) with proposal model and with classical model in the constant flux region and in the field weakening region. The simulation is done through the MATLAB program. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposal model on the performance characteristics of the IPMSM. With proposal model, the overshooting and under shooting of the motor speed are reduced. Rise time and settling time are improved, the response of the motor torque for load variations is improved and the stator currents are decreased. In this model, the space vector pulse width modulation is used to controlling the inverter which used to drive the IPMSM.

Adaptive state feedback speed controller for PMSM based on Artificial Bee Colony algorithm

This article focuses on the application of nature-inspired optimization algorithm for adaptive speed control of permanent synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with variable parameters. In the proposed approach, a state feedback controller (SFC) is utilized for speed control of the PMSM, while on-line adaptation of its coefficients is made with the help of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. Since ABC is the first time applied for adaptation of SFC, its necessary modifications are depicted with details. In order to assure stability and robustness of the considered control scheme, a linear–quadratic optimization method is employed during adaptation. To ensure repeatable response of the plant regardless of parameter’s variation, a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is used. The proposed approach is examined in simulation and experimental studies, including variable moment of inertia, non-measurable load torque and unmodelled friction. These confirm that adaptive SFC based on ABC noticeably improves control performance in comparison to a non-adaptive one.

Multi-objective optimization predictive control of high-power explosion-proof permanent synchronous motor

Multi-objective optimization predictive control of high-power explosion-proof permanent synchronous motor

Reduction of Inverter Carrier Harmonic Losses in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors by Optimizing Rotor and Stator Shapes

In this paper, we investigate rotor and stator designs of interior permanent synchronous motors for variable speed/load applications to reduce the carrier harmonic losses caused by pulsewidth modulated inverters. The rotor core and magnet shapes are determined by automatic optimization methods with electromagnetic field analysis, which considers the inverter carrier. Appropriate stator-winding configurations are also investigated by this analysis. It is clarified that the total carrier harmonic loss can be reduced by more than 20% by optimizing both the stator and rotor shapes, whereas the other important characteristics are not deteriorated. The mechanism of carrier loss reduction is also clarified.