Permanent Remedy Research Articles

A basic insight into COVID-19 vaccines: an overview

Atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China, which later spread to other places rapidly and became a global pandemic. Soon it was discovered to be caused by a novel corona virus, named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to overcome this serious health problem. Developing safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has become the only way forward to tackle it. Various vaccines have been developed and are approved for mass vaccination on emergency basis. Both classical and next generation vaccine platforms are being used to develop COVID-19 vaccine. It seems interesting to have a look on the various types of vaccines and get an insight into them so that we can get familiarize with the COVID-19 vaccination.

Role of Common Herbs- Curcuma Longa and Emblica Officinalis in Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review

In the present era, Metabolic disorder is a challenge to the medical community because of its increasing prevalence and unsatisfactory management. There is no permanent remedy, and the patient has to continue the medicine for a longer life. According to Ayurveda, all metabolic diseases are caused due to Jathragnimandya(improper digestion & metabolism). Hence the correction of Agni is the principle to treat it. Various herbs act as agnivardhak (increase digestive fire or Rasayan (Rejuvenator). Haridra (Curcuma longa) and Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis) are the herbal drugs recommended in Ayurveda literature. Ayurveda practitioners are using these medicines for various metabolic disorders. Hence this review was carried out to discover their utility in metabolic disorders. The aim and objective of this review are to study the role of common herbs available worldwide, which are Haridra (Curcuma longa) and Amalaki (Emblicaofficinalis), in metabolic disorders. The related data were collected from classical texts of Ayurveda, google scholar, and PubMed. A total of 10 articles were considered for review. Out of these, four were animal studies, and six were analytical studies in which the assessment parameters were fasting. From this review, few studies have been conducted on only Haridra as compared to Amalaki on the post-meal blood sugar levels, glycolatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, oral glucose tolerance test, and complete blood count metabolic disorders. The maximum studies are on Nisha-Amalaki(a combination of Haridra&Amalakialongwith bhavna[trituration process] of Amalakiswarasa[Juice form of Emblicaofficinalis]to Haridra[Curcuma longa]) which is found to be effective in Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, which can be considered as the cavity of previous reviews. Therefore, there is a need to conduct studies on Nisha-amalaki to explore its effect on other common metabolic disorders like PCOD, Hypothyroidism.

A Randomized clinical trial of efficacy of Murvadhya churna in Kaphaja kasa with special reference to chronic Bornchitis

Abstract
 Kaphaj kasa is one of the condition in which the vitiated cough causes obstruction to the marga of pranavata producing Ghana (thick sputum), Snigdha (slimy), Bahala (profuse sputum) and Sandra kapham (viscid sputum).
 Chronic bronchitis is characterized by cough associated with sputum on most days for at least 3 consecutive months for more than 2 successive years. Coughing is stimulated by irritation or inflammation of the respiratory tract which is caused most frequently by infection or sinus drainage secondary to rhinitis. Oral administration of the medicines is one among the important Shamana line of treatment which is easily administered, well accepted and also effective shodhana in adults. Many more herbal combinations are described in Ayurveda and their therapeutic effect on kasa is not yet explored. Hence it is need of us to bring out permanent remedy which will be safe, cheap and effective. Aim: To study the efficacy of Murvadhya Churna in the management of Kaphaj kasa with special reference to chronic bronchitis. Material and methods: A total 90 patients of the age group 16-60 years presenting with signs and symptoms of Kaphaj kasa w.s.r. to Chronic Bronchitis were selected randomly from OPD of the department of Kayachikitsa. The 45 patients of trial group were treated with Murvadhya Churna and 45 patients of control group were subjected to Haritakyadi Gutika. Results:
 Keywords: kaphaj kasa, Chronic Bronchitis, Murvadhya Churna, Haritakyadi Gutika.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF FIVE HERBAL INGREDIENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a common metabolic disorder which has serious threatening to public health that leads to huge economic loss in the developing countries. There are some antidiabetic drugs available that helps in controlling diabetes but there is no permanent remedy which reliefs to get completely cure from this disorder. By conducting huge number of research study, numerous herbal medicines have been found for diabetes. Extracts isolated from different natural resources especially plants have always been a rich arsenal for controlling and treating diabetes and its complication. Herbs used in the preparation of the polyherbal formulation were Cassia auriculata, Gymnema sylvestre, Syzygium cumini, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Phytochemical qualitative analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates and glycosides. So this review helps to understand the importance of five herbal ingredients present traditionally which can be used to treat DM.

NEXT MUTATION PREDICTION OF SARS-COV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN SEQUENCE USING ENCODER-DECODER BASED LONG SHORT TERM MEMORY (LSTM) METHOD

The recent world is facing a new pandemic which is caused by a virus named Coronavirus. Its fast mutation capability makes the situation worse affecting all the countries. Handling the virus is a challenging task now as there is still no permanent remedy for this. The doctors, engineers, scientists all are working together to fight against the virus. Revealing the genome sequencing and total structure of the virus paves the way for more research on this topic. Many researchers and scientists are working relentlessly on mutation analysis. Since spike proteins are one of the most important parts of SARS-CoV-2 for affecting humans, scientists are working for vaccine and drug discovery targeting S protein. Many Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning methods are used on the genome datasets to detect the mutation position and predict further insights. The goal of this work is to predict the most probable next-generation Spike Protein sequence of SARS-CoV-2. We have proposed a model that uses the Encoder-Decoder based LSTM model on date-wise ordered protein sequence data of S-protein. This has worked effectively on predicting next generation sequence of S protein. We compared our model with other deep learning models i.e. CNN-LSTM and Attention-based LSTM. We also experimented our model with large datasets as well as with small datasets, and the results of the tests are effective and efficient in both ways.

The Sewing Machine and Spectral Presences: Connolly, Shaw, and O’Casey

The Sewing Machine and Spectral Presences: Connolly, Shaw, and O’Casey

Header of death: security implications of IPv6 extension headers to the open-source firewall

IPv6 extension headers (EHs) contain additional information utilized by network devices (such as routers and firewalls) to determine how to direct or process an IPv6 packet. However, the use of excessive and unknown EHs can lead to the security implications such as evasion and denial of service (DoS) of the target firewall. Study revealed that there is no permanent remediation that prevents the IPv6 EHs attack from invading the open-source firewalls by default. Using IPv6 packet manipulations technique, the attacker can evade the target network including the firewall and target host that can lead to a complete unavailability of network service. The common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) also indicates that the base, temporal, and environment metric groups of IPv6 EHs vulnerabilities were in the critical level of severity. Quick and dirty solutions such as denying and allowing packets and IP addresses as preventive measures is still one of the effective ways of defending against the EHs packet manipulation attacks, as a temporary solution to date.

In-vitro AND In-silico STUDIES OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINAL PLANTS PIPALI AND JYOTISHMATI FOR AChE INHIBITION: APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF MEMORY DISORDER

Alzheimer's is the typical type of dementia that affects Senior people and is an irrevocable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The characteristic symptoms are loss of memory, behavioral disturbances, mood and personality swing, followed by diminished cognitive performance. There is no permanent remedy for AD and the existing drugs in the treatment of disease have minimal effectiveness. Medicinal plants used Ayurveda have been found more productive source for lead development of drugs, and many advanced herbal products are being evaluated are in the developmental stage in a clinical trial. In fact, several studies have reported the use of various Ayurvedic medicinal plant extracts and their most active chemical constituents for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Although the accurate molecular mechanism is unknown. Pipali and Jyotishmati are extensively used in Ayurveda for various diseases and for the enhancement of memory. An attempt has been made in the current study to acknowledge the activity of extracts of Piper longum and Celastrus paniculatus, and marker compounds like Piperine on acetylcholinesterase inhibition by in-vitro and Rivastigmin as standard. In-silico AChE inhibition studies were carried out on various active constituents like Piperine, Paniculatine, Malkanguinine and Donepezil as standard. Both the enhanced extracts and the standard marker have promising AChE inhibitory action, indicating that they could be used to treat memory problems.

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF VIRECHANA IN PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA

Primary dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynaecological disease in menstruating women. It is a symptom complex with cramping lower abdominal pain radiating to the back and legs often accompanied by gastro intestinal and neurological symptoms as well as general malaise. In conventional system of medicine there is no permanent cure for primary dysmenorrhoea. In order to find out a permanent remedy for preventing the recurrence of primary dysmenorrhoea and to evaluate the effect of virechana in reducing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea, this particular study has been under taken. In Ayurveda gynaecological pathologies are explained under the heading of yonirogas. Clinical features of primary dysmenorrhoea are having similiarities with that of udavartha yoni roga. Apanavatavaigunya is the main causative factor for udavartha yoni roga. In the treatment principle of apanavatavaigunyasnigdhavirechana is indicated. An Interventional type of Quasi Experimental study that is before and after study without control was conducted in Govt Ayurveda College Panchakarma Hospital, Poojapura and Govt Ayurveda College Hospital Thiruvanathapuram. One group of thirty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and diagnostic criteria were recruited for the study. Intervention administered were rookshana with takra, snehapana with sukumaraghritha, sarvangaabhyanga and avagahasweda with vataharapatra and virechana was done using sukumaraerandamThaila followed by samsarjanakrama based on suddhi obtained after virechana. Subjective parameters were assessed before and after treatment for three consecutive cycles. Pain the major parameter was recorded as per visual analogue scale and associated symptoms using verbal descriptive scale. Pain and associated symptoms were reduced immediately after the treatment which showed treatment was effective in pacifying the disease. Moreover, in the consecutive follow ups symptoms got reduced remarkably which showed treatment had sustained and progressive effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of disease and on statistical evaluation p value was found to be highly significant.

A Comparative Research between Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Profile of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity on Rodents

The condition of hyperlipidemia is found to be a great establisher for all the negative health consequences which may lead to cardiac complications. Continuous usage of medication alone is not permanent remedy but also need physical exercise. The same situation was established in animals to assess the performance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological profile by standardized screening using In-vivo methods. The high-cholesterol diet caused a significant increase in total lipids, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the atherogenic index, whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased for the treatment groups intended for physical exercise. This article enables the importance of health benefited by physical performance by depicting the biochemical parameters.
 Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, activity wheel, Physical exercise, Cardiac performance.

Overhydration: A cause or an effect of kidney damage and how to treat it.

Volume overload can be both the cause and effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Overhydration often accompanies renal insufficiency. In cardiovascular disease (CVD), fluid overload can also be the cause of renal function impairment. Beside salt restriction, loop diuretics are the first-line therapy. Frequently developed resistance can be overcome by switching to intravenous administration, adding albumin alone or in combination with other diuretics. Transient factors like infection or contrast media can impair diuretic response and contribute to congestion. Apart from conservative management, ultrafiltration (UF) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are used. In huge congestion with inadequate diuretic effect, hemodialysis with UF plays an important role as a temporary or permanent remedy. An increasing amount of data indicates that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have allowed for a breakthrough in controlling fluid volume in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CKD. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors show cardioand renoprotective effects and have a positive impact on hard cardiovascular and renal endpoints.

Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its potential therapeutics

A series of acute and atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China. It spread to other places and became a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries of the world. Soon, it was discovered that this atypical respiratory illness was caused by a novel corona virus. It was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to control this serious health problem. It seems prudent to study or have a look on the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 in the light of available research. Further, a review on pathophysiology may give an insight on the potential therapeutic options. Being a new virus and having potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in short span of time various approved drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS STUDY ON OTALGIA MANAGEMENT BY GARLIC DROPS AND BENZOCAINE DROPS- AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF MODERN AND AYURVEDA MEDICINE IN A SINGLE AILMENT

Otalgia or ear ache is a symptom which will hamper the daily activities of individual, and a cause of unease or discomfort. There might not be any single individual who has not affected with earache in their lifetime, atleast once in their span of life..Even today there is no specific permanent remedy to this condition in advance modern medical system despite of some Otogesics which will only mask the pain. The common Over the Counter medicines available on medical stores are having side effects on continuous usage. So there is a need for safe Ayurvedic medicine which can acts better like modern analgesics but less side effects. Methodology: In this comparative study of Lasuna putapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Benzocaine Otogesic drops, 40 patients of Otalgia were randomly selected and divided to two groups of 20 patients each. Group A was treated with the ear drops of Lasunaputapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Group B was treated with Benzocaine Otogesic ear drops. Observations: It was observed in the present study that Group A showed better results in reducing the symptoms of Otalgia. Re-occurrence of symptoms were merely less in Group A patients compared to Group B patients. Conclusion: There is a false assumption that Ayurvedic medicines are slow acting and desperately using for pain management and acute conditions. But this study throwing a light to substantiate that, Ayurvedic medicines are potent enough to manage acute otalgia also, just like Otogesics in Modern Medical Science. The study revealed that the re-occurrence rate of symptoms was very less in patients who used Garlic drops and was safe acting also.

Organic compounds and microbial assessment of a seawater reverse osmosis facility at Tampa Bay Water, USA

The Tampa Bay Water seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) facility is the first large-capacity seawater desalination plant in the United States. The feedwater source for the facility is an estuarine system that is biologically very productive and contains naturally-occurring high concentrations of algae, marine bacteria, total organic carbon (mostly dissolved), transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), the biopolymer fraction of natural organic matter, and phosphate. The high-organic composition of the feedwater places stress on the conventional sand pretreatment system utilized at the facility resulting in high organic passage into the membrane process and flow through into the permeate. In particular, the direct passage of particulate TEP (p-TEP) into the membranes has a major impact on the biofouling rate. Based on the data collected, the pretreatment is ineffective at removing key organic components that impact the rate of membrane biofouling, particularly bacteria and p-TEP. Perhaps the pretreatment could be re-designed to use a dissolved air floatation system (DAF) followed by ultrafiltration as a remedy that would likely move the biofouling problem to the ultrafiltration process, which has an easier cleaning process. Consideration could be given to using a groundwater source of feedwater as a permanent remedy to the operational issues.

The Management of Recurrent Sublingual Sialocele In A Feedlot Sokoto Gudali Bull: A Case Report

A 5-year-old Sokoto Gudali bull was presented with complaint of recurrent soft and flocculent swelling beneath the tongue. Careful clinical assessment led to a diagnosis of sublingual sialocele. A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva which is surrounded by tissue reaction to saliva. An aspirate of the fluid revealed a clear viscid content with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. The case was managed surgically by marsupialization. Recovery was “uneventful” and was found to be normal 2 months post-surgery. It was concluded that marsupialization technique may be a permanent remedy for recurring sublingual sialocele in cattle.

Nanocarbon Effect of Smoking Biofilms for Effective Control

Biofilm is an industrial, medical and environmental nuisance. Inhibiting biofilm costs several billion dollars each year in the United States alone. Research to inhibit biofouling/biofilm has offered various solutions, yet no permanent remedy. For the first time a simple, straightforward and effective ethanopharmacological method to rid biofilm using fumigation is reported. Fumigation is an unsophisticated technology, we demonstrate the effectiveness of fumigation for killing biofilm of pathogenic bacteria. The fumigation of surfaces prior to bacterial exposure, leading to antifouling surfaces was also demonstrated. The nanocarbon aspect of the fumigation effect on the biofilm is discussed. Although, demonstrated with turmeric smoke alone, any potent source with potent antibacterial activity can be used.

Diabetes mellitus treatment using herbal drugs

<p>Diabetes mellitus is becoming a common metabolic disorder which has serious threat to public health in the world. There are chemicals and biochemical agent that helps in controlling diabetes but there is no permanent remedy available which helps to get recovered completely from this disorder. By conducting large number of research work, numerous traditional medicines have been found for diabetes. Substances and extracts isolated from different natural resources especially plants have always been a rich arsenal for controlling and treating diabetes problem and complication arising due to it. So this review helps the reader to understand the importance of various types of herbal and polyherbal formulations present traditionally which can be used to treat diabetes mellitus. </p>

The risk element contamination level in soil and vegetation at the former deposit of galvanic sludges

Hazardous waste deposits with high contents of risk elements can represent a potential environmental hazard via penetration of these elements into soil and vegetation. In this case, the former deposit of galvanic sludges in Dolni Lipka, Czech Republic, was investigated. The deposit was temporarily remediated by a thick soil layer cover. The total and mobile risk element contents were determined within the profile of the soil cover as well as the element contents in the vegetation growing on the cover to assess the potential environmental threat of the deposit The plant samples were collected from nine sampling areas, each of 3 × 3 m. The stratification of risk elements within the soil profile was determined where the soil samples were collected in depths of 0–10, 10–40, 40–70, 70–100, and 100–140 cm. The total element contents were determined in aboveground biomass and roots of selected plant species and pseudo total content (extractable with aqua regia) in soils. The mobilizable pool of elements in soils was determined after extraction with a 2 mol L−1 solution of HNO3 and a plant-available pool of elements after extraction with 0.11 mol L−1 solution of CH3COOH. From the perspective of the vegetation and soil’s risk elements content, the dump did not meet criteria for a safe hazardous waste landfill in any way during the sampling time. According to the results, the elements can be divided into three groups: (i) low levels of elements within whole profile—As and Cr; (ii) high levels of elements concentrated in the deepest layer of the soil without significant penetration of the upper layers—Cu, Mo, Pb, Ni, and Zn; and (iii) the elements penetrating the upper layers of the soil—Cd and Hg. The third case poses a serious environmental risk requiring more intensive investigation on the bioavailability of these elements at the site, and subsequently, permanent remediation of the deposit.

Bone marrow stem-cell therapy for genetic and chronic liver diseases.

There are no permanent remedies for patients suffering from genetic liver diseases (GLDs) and liver cirrhosis (LC). In such cases, liver transplantation has resulted in improved quality of life, but it is not affordable by most patients. Therefore, a cost-effective, safe, and permanent cure for these diseases is desirable. Cell therapy seems an encouraging option for treatment of these liver diseases in the future. Animal experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated that, depending on the nature of the liver disease and the patient, autologous and/or allogeneic bone marrow (BM)-derived stem-cell therapy could be a promising treatment option. Although no clinical trials using BM-derived stem cells for treatment of GLD have yet been conducted, many phase I clinical trials have been conducted and a few such trials for the treatment of LC by use of autologous and/or allogeneic cells are in progress. Overall, the results of these trials are indicative of clinical benefits with no adverse effect on the patients. This review focuses on the current status of BM stem-cell therapy for treatment of GLD and LC in experimental animals and human subjects. It also proposes safer approaches to immune-regulation in allogeneic transplantation of cells.

Identification of RAPD‐SCAR marker linked to white spot syndrome virus resistance in populations of giant black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius

White spot disease (WSD) caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) creates severe epizootics in shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. Despite several efforts, no such permanent remedy was yet developed. Selective breeding using DNA markers would be a cost-effective strategy for long-term solution of this problem. In the present investigation, out of 30 random primers, only one primer produced a statistically significant (P < 0.01) randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker of 502 bp, which provided a good discrimination between disease resistant and disease susceptible populations of Penaeus monodon from three geographical locations along the East coast of India. Because RAPD markers are dominant, a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was developed by cloning and sequencing of 502 bp RAPD fragment, which generates a single 457 bp DNA fragment after PCR amplification only in the disease resistant shrimps. Challenge experiment was also conducted to validate this 457 bp SCAR marker, and the results suggested that the WSSV loads were 2.25 × 10(3) fold higher in disease susceptible than that in disease resistant shrimps using real-time PCR. Therefore, this 457 bp DNA SCAR marker will be very valuable towards the development of disease-free shrimp aquaculture industry.