Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors Research Articles

Mandibular Intercanine Width at Three Stages of Mixed Dentition in Children at Namakkal District: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess and compare the mandibular intercanine width (ICW) of children at three stages of mixed dentition in children at Namakkal district. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 schoolchildren aged 7-11 years, with 45 children in each group. Group I included children with completely erupted permanent mandibular central incisors, group II included children with completely erupted permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors, and group III included children with completely erupted permanent mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines. Impressions were made in the mandibular anterior region, and study casts were prepared. Measurements of the mandibular ICW were taken using a digital vernier caliper. The mean mandibular ICW after the complete eruption of permanent mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines was 23.7, 25.5, and 25.7 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the ICW between the three groups (p < 0.001). Post hoc tests showed that mandibular ICW was statistically significant between groups I and II and group III (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that age does not contribute to the changes in mandibular ICW. The average mandibular ICW found can be a standard comparison for treatment planning in the western Tamil Nadu population. Mandibular ICW reaches its maximum after the eruption of permanent mandibular lateral incisors. Changes in mandibular ICW should be attributed to the eruption of permanent mandibular anterior teeth and not to the age of the child. Balaraman C, Asokan S, Pollachi Ramakrishnan GP, et al. Mandibular Intercanine Width at Three Stages of Mixed Dentition in Children at Namakkal District: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):737-741.

Replacing An Extracted Natural Tooth As A Pontic By Using Fiber-Reinforced Composite: A Case Report

Summary: Losing an anterior tooth could be extremely devastating for the patient and to address the psychological and emotional trauma of the patient, quick replacement is crucial. A contemporary conservative choice is a Fiber-Reinforced composite bridge. The current case report describes the fractured permanent mandibular left lateral incisor which needed to be extracted followed by the replacement of the same natural tooth crown as a pontic using Fiber-reinforced composite (Ribbond). The results were satisfying to the patient, both aesthetically and functionally. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to further evaluate this treatment option in the future. Keywords: tooth, denture design, composite resins

Demystifying the intricacies – a rare report of two cases of biradicular permanent mandibular lateral incisor and their endodontic management

Introduction and aim. One of the imperative reasons for endodontic failure is an extra or missed root and root canals. Permanent mandibular lateral incisors generally present as monoradicular tooth with one or two canals, but aberrancies in the form of extra root are also rarely seen. There is insufficiency in the literary work regarding the presence of an extra root in permanent mandibular lateral incisor. We hereby report two illustrious cases of biradicular permanent mandibular lateral incisors and their endodontic management and brief review regarding the case reports published so far regarding the existence of an extra root in permanent mandibular lateral incisor in the literature. Also, we intend to apprise the scientific documentation with the aforementioned. Description of the cases. Case 1. A twenty-two-year-old male patient of Indian origin was referred to endodontic clinic for intentional root canal therapy. Pre-operative radiograph revealed 32 exhibited aberrancy in the form of an extra root, with normal periodontal structures and bone architecture. Case 2. A sixty-two-year-old male patient came to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the chief complaint of pain in the lower anterior tooth region. Radiographic examination revealed root caries on the mesial side and two roots with two canals with bifurcation at the level of middle third of root. Conclusion. Clinicians should be well prepared in advance for management of any anatomical aberrancy in their clinical practice by having a scrupulous knowledge of root canal system.

Erupted compound odontoma in patient with epileptic seizures - a case report

Erupted odontomas are rarely found in the oral cavity. To the best of our knowledge there are only a few cases reported of compound erupted odontoma. Also, different pathological conditions have been related to odontoma’s aetiology. This article describes a case report with review of a 17-year-old girl in investigation of Dravet syndrome, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and psychotic disorder in whom it was identified an enamel-like tissue exposed in gingiva. The size of the lesion was around 2 mm and it was located between the right permanent mandibular lateral incisor and canine teeth. Periapical radiography revealed a radiopaque image of irregular tooth-like structures, suggesting the presence of an erupted compound odontoma. The lesion was surgically removed under infiltrative anesthesia and without the need for a flap. Four small tooth-like structures were removed, and the specimens were sent for histopathological analysis, confirming the hypothesis of compound odontoma. The procedure went without complications nor need of patient sedation. Twenty days after the surgery, there was satisfactory healing of the operated region’s tissue. Odontoma’s aetiology is not very well established yet, so it is unknown whether eventual epileptic seizures that occur during the period of dental formation and thus increase patient risk for accidental dental injuries could favor the development of these lesions.

ERUPTED COMPOUND ODONTOMA IN PATIENT WITH SEIZURES: A CASE REPORT

Erupted odontomas are rare in the oral cavity. During the intraoral examination of a 17-year-old girl in investigation of Dravet syndrome, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, and psychotic disorder, an enamel-like tissue exposed in gingiva was identified. The lesion size was around 2 mm, localized between the right permanent mandibular lateral incisor and canine teeth. Periapical radiography revealed a radiopaque image of irregular tooth-like structures, suggesting the presence of an erupted compound odontoma. The lesion was surgically removed under infiltrative anesthesia, without the need for a flap. Four small tooth-like structures were removed and the specimens were sent for histopathologic analysis, confirming the hypothesis of compound odontoma. The procedure was achieved without complications or need of patient sedation. Twenty days after the surgery, there was satisfactory healing of tissue in the operated region. Erupted odontoma are rare. The patient follows her treatments with the team. Erupted odontomas are rare in the oral cavity. During the intraoral examination of a 17-year-old girl in investigation of Dravet syndrome, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, and psychotic disorder, an enamel-like tissue exposed in gingiva was identified. The lesion size was around 2 mm, localized between the right permanent mandibular lateral incisor and canine teeth. Periapical radiography revealed a radiopaque image of irregular tooth-like structures, suggesting the presence of an erupted compound odontoma. The lesion was surgically removed under infiltrative anesthesia, without the need for a flap. Four small tooth-like structures were removed and the specimens were sent for histopathologic analysis, confirming the hypothesis of compound odontoma. The procedure was achieved without complications or need of patient sedation. Twenty days after the surgery, there was satisfactory healing of tissue in the operated region. Erupted odontoma are rare. The patient follows her treatments with the team.

Comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of reattched fragments using three different retentive methods: An in vitro study

: Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth are one of the most difficult and perplexing problems faced in the paediatric dentistry. Coronal fracture of the anterior teeth is a common form of dental trauma that mainly affects the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Fragment reattachment has been the preffered technique among clinicians because it has several advantages over the composite restorations such as it is a conservative procedure, maintains original tooth contours, translucence and incisal edge wears at similar rate to adjacent teeth.: To compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of reattached fragments using three different methods.Forty sound permanent mandibular central and lateral incisor were selected and mounted in self-cure acrylic resin. The teeth were sectioned with a diamond disc 3mm short of the incisal edge and they were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Group I – simple reattachment, group II- internal dentinal groove, group III – vertical groove with fiber reinforced post placement, group IV – overcontouring done before the reattachment procedure. The force required to fracture the specimen were recorded using an onscreen calibration tool of the universal testing machine. The results were statistically analyzed.: The results showed that group I, group II and group IV required lesser force to fracture when compared with group III.: The group restored with fiber reinforced post showed the highest value of fracture strength while the simple reattachment had the lowest value.

Evaluation of canal configuration and frequency of second canal in mandibular lateral incisor using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

Objective: To categorize root canal configuration according to Vertucci’s classification and determine the frequency of second canal in mandibular lateral incisors of Pakistani subpopulation (Karachi based) by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the department of Radiology at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Study was conducted on 160 extracted permanent mandibular lateral incisors. After extraction, teeth were randomly arranged in wax models and imaged via CBCT. Each tooth sample was analyzed in axial and sagittal sections. The images were investigated by two blinded examiners and data on canal morphology was recorded.&#x0D; Results: The frequency of single canal mandibular incisors was recorded as 107 (66.9%) whereas 53 (33.1%) of teeth showed two canals. Females presented with a higher frequency of two canalled incisors, although the results were statistically insignificant. The most prevalent canal anatomy detected was Type I (105, 65.6%) followed by Type III (33, 20.6%), Type II (12, 7.5%) and Type V (10, 6.3%). Mandibular lateral incisors presenting with two canals anatomy, Type III (32, 97%) morphology was most commonly detected followed by Type II (12, 100%) and Type V (9, 90%).&#x0D; Conclusion: CBCT scans are an effective tool for identification of root canal morphology. Mandibular lateral incisors most frequently presented with Type I canal anatomy whereas incisors with two canals most frequently presented with Type III configuration.

Root and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Anterior Teeth in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Objectives The aim of this work was to study the morphology of root and root canals of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods A total of 16 permanent mandibular central incisors (I1), 25 permanent mandibular lateral incisors (I2) and 15 permanent mandibular canines (C) were collected and classified into groups according to shape and number of roots. Molds of pink wax with the samples were submitted for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The number and shapes of roots were determined and types of root canals were assessed and classified according to Vertucci's classification. Finally, data was statistically analyzed. Results Regarding the macroscopic appearance of I1, all the samples had one root while I2 had one root with 92%. As for C, 80% of the sample was with one root. CBCT revealed the following configurations, according to Vertucci's classification; Regarding I1, Type I was the most common canal configuration (75%) followed by type II (12.5%) and type III (12.5%) Regarding I2, Type I (60%) was the most common configuration followed by type III (28%). As for C, 66.7% of the sample was represented by type I followed by type III and IV, where each was represented by 13.3%. Conclusions There are morphological variations in the root and root canal anatomies of the mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines of Egyptian population as compared to other populations.

Two-phase orthodontic treatment of two different types of tooth transposition in the same patient.

Orthodontic treatment is thoroughly planned considering the patient's facial and dental characteristics, the main complaint, treatment time and the orthodontist's experience. Transposition is a form of ectopia, in which two adjacent teeth exchange positions in the dental arch. Transposition can be partial or complete. This article reports the treatment of a female patient with two kinds of tooth transposition managed in the mixed and permanent dentitions. A girl, aged eight years and three months, came to routine paediatric consultation with an ectopic permanent mandibular left lateral incisor in the mixed dentition. Radiographic analysis indicated partial transposition of the permanent mandibular left lateral incisor and canine (Md.L2.C), and development of a complete tooth transposition between the permanent maxillary right first pre-molar and canine (Mx.C.P1). The patient was treated in two phases. The first, in the mixed dentition, and the second, in the permanent dentition with a three-year follow-up between them. These challenging treatment approaches are described in detail, including the mechanics used. The key points of this treatment were early diagnosis of the ectopic mandibular lateral incisor, use of light forces and interphase patient follow-up. These determined the best time to start the second treatment phase, enabling achievement of aesthetic and functional outcomes, and the results remained stable one year after the end of orthodontic treatment.

Delayed Eruption of Permanent Lower Lateral Incisor in Relation to Compound Odontoma: A Case Report

To report a delayed tooth eruption following late surgical removal of a compound odontoma in a 10-year-old child. Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered during routine radiographic examinations or during an assessment of delayed tooth eruption. Odontomas are classified into compound or complex based on the microscopic structure of dental tissues. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of odontomas is the keyword for favorable results. This paper describes a case of compound odontomas in a 10-year-old boy that prevented eruption of the permanent mandibular lateral incisor. Extraction of mandibular primary lateral incisors and surgical excision of the compound odontomas was performed. After 3 years of follow-up, at the age of 13 years, the permanent lateral incisor erupted and approached the occlusal plane. Late surgical removal of odontomas resulted in a delayed eruption of the affected teeth. Surgical removal of odontomas and regular follow-up to monitor the eruption of the affected teeth should be considered for the teeth with an open apex before considering orthodontic traction.

Evidence of Second Canal between Permanent Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors in China; a Systematic Review on CBCT Studies.

Introduction Evidence of second canal in permanent mandibular incisors is frequently questioned in dentistry. The difference in evidence between the two teeth is an interesting argument across different countries and ethnicities. So the aim of the systematic review was to investigate the evidence of second canal between permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China. Materials and Methods The papers were selected from the electronic databases and hand searching according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All qualified studies were judged by the reviewers. The selected studies were checked with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Finally, three studies were selected for the review and meta-analyses. The proportion of the second canal with its confidence interval and forest plot for the meta-analyses were calculated. Results The evidences of second canal in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China were 5.6% and 14.1%. Only one study reported bilateral symmetry of the second canal as 58.7% and 76.1% in the two types of teeth. Out of all canal anatomies, Vertucci's type ΙΙΙ was dominant comprising 4.1% and 11.2% together with other second-canal types comprising 1.4% and 3% in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors. When the proportions were meta-analyzed, mandibular central incisors had been less numerous OR = 0.35 [0.31, 0.40], 0.33[0.28, 0.39], and 0.42 [0.22, 0.79] in the evidence of second canal, of Type ΙΙΙ, and of other types except Type ΙΙΙ than mandibular lateral incisors in China. Out of all second-canal anatomies, Type ΙΙΙ presented 72.5% and 78.9% along with other second-canal types comprising 24.3% and 21.1% in the two teeth in China. Discussion. There was the evidence of second canal which deviated toward the permanent mandibular lateral incisor also in case of bilateral symmetry, the prevalence of Vertucci's Type ΙΙΙ, and other second-canal types out of all canal anatomies.

Case report on dentigerous cyst in relation to permanent mandibular lateral incisor: A rare entity

Dentigerous cyst is normally associated with crown of an unerupted or developing tooth and is one of the most common odontogenic cyst. It is more commonly seen in association with mandibular third molar and maxillary canine. Dentigerous cyst generally occurs in second or third decades of life. Its association with incisors are rare entity. Dentigerous cyst usually includes a tooth which can not complete the eruption process and involves the crown by the fluid accumulation in between the layers of enamel organ. The treatment modalities for dentigerous cyst are marsupialization or enucleation and depends upon the involved structures. Here we report a case of dentigerous cyst associated with permanent mandibular lateral incisor. It was enucleated along with the lingually erupted lateral incisor. There was no recurrence observed after one year follow up. Keywords: Dentigerous cyst, Odontogenic cyst, Lateral incisor, Marsupialization, Enucleation.

Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors is Associated with the Presence of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molars

Abstract Many studies have been conducted in order to define the root canal morphology based on age, gender, ethnic and racial characteristics of the population. However, relations within morphological variations of certain groups of teeth have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors and to determine the association between their morphologic characteristics and the presence of a second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography images from a pre-existing base were analyzed for the bilateral presence of both permanent mandibular lateral incisors and permanent maxillary first molars. Root canal morphology was analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Associations of root canal morphologies between incisors and molars were calculated as probabilities using binary logistic regression analysis. In total, 126 mandibular lateral incisors and 126 maxillary first molars were included. 46% of all mandibular lateral incisors showed complicated root canal morphology and Vertucci type III canal configuration as the most frequent. Second mesiobuccal root canal was present in 62.7%. Root canal morphologies showed high level of bilateral symmetry in both tooth groups. The probability of a subject having complicated root canal morphology in lateral incisors was significantly higher when the second mesiobuccal canal was present. Clinicians should consider all available information on patients’ root canal morphology when planning new endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular lateral incisors showed high association with the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars.

Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Lateral Incisors Is Associated with the Presence of Distolingual Root in Mandibular First Molars: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study in a Taiwanese Population

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the root canal configurations in permanent mandibular lateral incisors (PMLIs) and the correlation between the root canal configurations of PMLIs with the appearance of a distolingual root (DLR) in permanent mandibular first molars (PMFMs) using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. MethodsA total of 1200 CBCT images (300 patients) of PMFMs and PMLIs were investigated. The frequency and distribution of DLRs in PMFMs along with root canal configurations of PMLIs were assessed ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the root canal configurations of PMLIs with the appearance of a DLR in PMFMs. ResultsThe prevalence of PMFMs with a DLR was 24.3%, and the incidence of complicated root canal configurations in PMLIs was 25.0%. The most prevalent root canal systems of PMLIs were Vertucci types I (75%) and III (23.0%). The incidence of complicated root canal configurations in PMLIs was 19.5% in the non-DLR group (ie, no DLR was found on either side of the PMFMs), 33.3% in the unilateral DLR (Uni-DLR) group (ie, a DLR was found in 1 of the PMFMs [the left or right side] and a DLR was not found on the other PMFM), and 39.8% in the bilateral DLR (Bil-DLR) group (ie, a DLR was found in both the right and left PMFMs). After adjusting for categoric variables including sex, age, and side, the odds ratios for the frequency of complicated root canal configurations of PMLIs in the Uni-DLR and Bil-DLR groups compared with the non-DLR group were 2.12 (P = .003) and 2.707 (P < .001), respectively. ConclusionsThe simultaneous appearance of DLRs in PMFMs and complicated root canal configurations in PMLIs is prominent in Taiwanese individuals. Clinicians should be aware of the correlation between the anatomic variants of PMFMs and PMLIs, which are important before endodontic treatment.

Esthetic recovery of permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisor using biological post after non-surgical healing of Periradicular Lesion: A Case Report

Esthetic recovery of permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisor using biological post after non-surgical healing of Periradicular Lesion: A Case Report

Disturbances and noise: Defining furrow-form enamel hypoplasia.

The investigation of the record of growth locked in dental enamel provides a unique opportunity to build a comprehensive picture of growth disruption episodes during childhood. This study presents a new methodological basis for the analysis of enamel growth disruptions (enamel hypoplasia) using incremental microstructures of enamel. A three-dimensional technique based upon use of an Alicona 3D Infinite Focus imaging microscope and software is used to record developmental features in the enamel of human permanent mandibular lateral incisors of one individual from the Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük (Turkey). Using this new technique, perikymata are measured down the longitudinal axis of the crown from the incisal margin to the cervix and perikyma spacing profiles are constructed with this new technique. A mathematical basis for the detection of spacing anomalies, which serve as indicators of enamel hypoplasia is presented based upon these profiles. Three clearly delineated defects were identified visually, then matched and confirmed metrically using the enamel surface and perikyma spacing profiles. Human growth has often been used as an indicator of health in past societies because of developmental sensitivity to fluctuations in nutritional status and disease load. Hence, standardization of furrow-form defect identification is of crucial importance for reducing the amount of current subjectivity in the determination of a threshold for the identification of defects among individuals of past populations. The method presented here, which is based on microscopic images of the tooth crown as well as recorded measurements of incremental structures, represents a combined visual-metric approach using LOWESS residuals, and as such provides a substantial advancement to previous methods. It is therefore recommended that additional studies be carried out with this methodology to determine whether this method improves the reliability of enamel defect identification among individuals recovered from bioarchaeological contexts.

Fusion of Primary Mandibular Anterior Teeth Associated with Partial Anodontia of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Case Report

Fusion is a developmental anomaly of the teeth. It is defined as the union of two independently developing primary or permanent teeth. Aberrations in morpho differentiation stage of tooth development lead to abnormal forms and sizes of teeth. This paper reports a rare case which had the presence of fused primary incisors in the right mandibular region along with agenesis of primary and permanent mandibular left lateral incisor.

Concurrent occurrence of multiple developmental anomalies: A rare case report and review of literature

Talon cusp and fusion are uncommon odontogenic anomalies comprising of both primary and permanent dentition, which occur on the palatal surface of permanent maxillary incisors, while fused teeth are more common in the primary anterior dentition. This article reports an unusual case of talon cusp presenting on the lingual surface of fused permanent right mandibular central and lateral incisor in the permanent dentition in association with impacted left mandibular third molar. Recognition of this condition and early diagnosis are important to provide prophylactic measures, thereby preventing complications.

Management of incomplete transposition of mandibular lateral incisor using removable appliances: Two case reports

The aim of this case report was to present treatment of two cases involving the incomplete transposition of a mandibular lateral incisor to a canine site using two different removable appliances. The two 8-year-old girls were referred to our clinic from a general dentist with a complaint of a malpositioned permanent mandibular lateral incisor. Based on the clinical and radiographic examination, a treatment plan was devised. The plan was to correct the transposition and the axial inclination and rotation of the lateral incisor with a removable appliance as the patient was in the mixed dentition stage. The appliances were constructed with 2 adams clasps and a modified vestibular arch on which a crimpable hook was welded. A button was attached to the lingual surfaces of the lateral incisors, and a 1/8 light elastics was placed between the button and crimpable hook in both two patients. The patients were evaluated every 2 weeks with an appointment. At the end of the treatment, the ectopically erupted lateral incisors were uprighted and aligned in their normal positions in the dental arch. In early mixed dentition period, if transposition is suspected, with early and correct diagnosis and with sufficient forethought a pediatric dentist may avoid the need for fixed orthodontic treatment.

DENTIGEROUS CYST ASSOCIATED WITH MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR- REPORT OF A RARE CASE

The dentigerous cyst is a common type of odontogenic cyst that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by way of expansion of its follicle due to the collection of cystic fluid. Reported cases commonly involved the mandibular third molars and maxillary canines. They rarely involve the incisors. The highest incidence of dentigerous cysts occur during the second and third decades. We report a case of dentigerous cyst involving the permanent mandibular lateral incisor which is a rare occurrence. The pathogenesis, clinical and radiological features are discussed.