Model Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Research Articles

Fuzzy membership-function-dependent design of aperiodic sample-data control scheme for nonlinear PMSG-based WECS with quantization measurements via refined looped Lyapunov functional

This manuscript investigates the fuzzy memory sampled-data control (MSDC) scheme for the nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) with quantization measurements. First, due to the complex nonlinearity, a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modeling approach is successfully applied to the dynamics of nonlinear PMSG-based WECS. Second, by using the information of both quantized aperiodic sampling pattern and signal transmission delay, an H∞-based fuzzy quantized controller is put forward to ensure the stable performance as well as disturbance suppression index of the considered PMSG model by utilizing the refined looped Lyapunov functional (RLLF) approach. This RLLF perfectly utilizes more realistic information about the time derivative of the fuzzy membership function and actual sampling pattern. Then, two new integral inequalities are introduced to approximate the quadratic integral terms arising from the derivative of RLLF. Next, we establish some less conservative stabilization results in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) using the constructed RLLF, along with the proposed integral inequalities and fuzzy membership function-dependent (MFD) switching ideas. Finally, the simulation studies of PMGS-based WECS are validated numerically, and then a comparative example is provided to emphasize the superiority and relevance of the suggested approach.

Robust Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault Detection in PMSGs With Respect to the Bandwidths of Current and Voltage Controllers

Reliable inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault detection is essential for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The harmonics in machine currents and voltages are affected by the bandwidths of dual-loop controllers, which may lead to the failure of ITSC fault detection based on the current or voltage signature analysis. In this paper, a robust method for ITSC fault detection is proposed to deal with this problem. First, the mathematical model of PMSG with ITSC fault is established. Then, the behaviors of the second order harmonics in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis currents, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis voltages and dc-link voltage with respect to the bandwidths of current and voltage controllers are investigated. After that, a reliable detection method based on two fault detection indicators and adaptive to the bandwidth changes of dual-loop controllers is proposed. The first indicator is simple and easy when only the bandwidth of current controller changes, and the other one weights and sums the second harmonics in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis current, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis voltage and dc-link voltage to ensure the robustness and improve the accuracy of ITSC detection when both the bandwidths of current and voltage controllers change. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed method is validated by experiments.

Analisis Perbandingan Pengaruh Material Inti Besi Stator dan Rotor Terhadap Efisiensi pada Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator 18 Slot 18 Pole

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is a generator whose excitation comes from permanent magnets and not from additional external excitation. The efficiency of the current PMSG model is still low at 73%, and it needs to be increased by selecting better materials for the stator and rotor. This study simulated the use of better materials for the stator and rotor, namely TR52: USS transformer, M27: USS Motor, and Carpenter: Silicon Steel materials. The simulation used the Magnet Ampholytic Software, which is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results of the simulation experiment are as follows. Using the TR52: USS Transformers material obtained the highest efficiency of 77.3%, followed by the M27: USS Motor material at 77.1%, and followed last by the Carpenter: Silicon Steel material at 75.8%.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Finite Element Method, Efisiensi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Performance analysis of modeling scale on multiband oscillations in grid-connected wind farm

Grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind farms may be susceptible to oscillation when connected to weak grids. This paper explores the root causes of the oscillations from two perspectives: the model and the oscillation frequency band. First, the small signal model of PMSG wind farm grid-side system is established, and the small disturbance comparison with the PMSGA full-order electromagnetic transient model in MATLAB/Simulink is carried out. Then, we calculatue the eigenvalues of the small signal model and use model analysis techniques such as participation factors calculation and root locus method to identify the critical factors that cause the oscillation modes to be dominant. Finally, time-domain simulation is used to verify the theoretical analysis. Two dominant modes are identified: the subsynchronous oscillation mode and the low-frequency oscillation mode. The subsynchronous oscillation mode is closely related to the direct current (DC) voltage control and the dynamics of DC link. The low-frequency oscillation is significantly weakened with the decrease in grid strength, and it is closely related to the phase-locked loop (PLL) control. The conclusions can provide a reference for tuning the control parameters of PMSG converter.

Modeling and control of islanded DC microgrid fed by intermittent generating resources

In this paper an islanded microgrid fed through the wind and solar energy resources is presented. The power flow within the microgrid is controlled using a Neutral Point Clamped Dual Active Bridge (NPC-DAB) converter. In the proposed dc microgrid, the solar energy source is associated at the low voltage (LV) bus and the wind energy source is connected at the high voltage (HV) bus. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) machine is used in wind energy conversion system. The real time solar radiation and wind speed data of Rupangarh, Rajasthan, India is used as an input for renewable energy resource. The NPC-DAB will work as a power electronics juncture for expediting the energy exchange in the islanded DC Microgrid. The proposed closed loop controller based on the capacitor voltage and load voltage will expedite a complete automatic operation of the islanded DC-microgrid considering various load changes. The system is studied without storage element as the automatic control of energy generation and load feeding is carried out by the NPC-DAB, also this makes the scheme cost effective. The optimum duty ratios for NPC-DAB operation are obtained and thus the increased load demand is met. The modeling of PMSG, NPC-DAB and wind energy system is discussed in details in this work. The proposed system is studied in MATLAB/Simulink environment and results are obtained for different load variations. All the wind control parameters, NPC-DAB waveforms, load waveforms are also plotted using MATLAB.

Dynamic Performance Assessment of PMSG and DFIG-Based WECS with the Support of Manta Ray Foraging Optimizer Considering MPPT, Pitch Control, and FRT Capability Issues

Wind generators have attracted a lot of attention in the realm of renewable energy systems, but they are vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions and grid faults. The influence of the manta ray foraging optimizer (MRFO) on the dynamic performance of the two commonly used variable speed wind generators (VSWGs), called the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), is investigated in this research article. The PMSG and DFIG were exposed to identical wind speed changes depending on their wind turbine characteristics, as well as a dangerous three-phase fault, to evaluate the durability of MRFO-based wind side controllers. To protect VSWGs from hazardous gusts and obtain the optimum power from incoming wind speeds, we utilized a pitch angle controller and optimal torque controller, respectively, in our study. During faults, the commonly utilized industrial approach (crowbar system) was exclusively employed to aid the studied VSWGs in achieving fault ride-through (FRT) capability and control of the DC link voltage. Furthermore, an MRFO-based PI controller was used to develop a crowbar system. The modeling of PMSG, DFIG, and MRFO was performed using the MATLAB/Simulink toolbox. We compared performances of PMSG and DFIG in reference tracking and resilience against changes in system parameters under regular and irregular circumstances. The effectiveness and reliability of the optimized controllers in mitigating the adverse impacts of faults and wind gusts were demonstrated by the simulation results. Without considering the exterior circuit of VSWGs or modifying the original architecture, MRFO-PI controllers in the presence of a crowbar system may help cost-effectively alleviate FRT concerns for both studied VSWGs.

Interturn Short Fault Detection and Location of Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Based on Negative Sequence Current Residuals

This article proposes a model-based method for the detection and phase location of interturn short fault (ISF) in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The simplified mathematical model of PMSG with ISF on dq-axis is established to analyze the fault signature. The current residuals are accurately estimated through Luenberger observer based on the expanded mathematical model of PMSG. In current residuals, the second harmonics are extracted using negative sequence park transform and angular integral filtering to construct the fault detection index. In addition, the unbalance characteristics of three-phase current after ISF can reflect the location of the fault phase, based on which the location indexes are defined. Simulation results for various operating and fault severity conditions primarily validate the effectiveness and robustness of diagnosis method in this paper.

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED MPPT CONTROLLER WITH CONVENTIONAL CONTROLLER FOR GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

This paper focuses on the development of ANN based MPPT interfaced Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind energy conversion system (WECS). It focuses on design and modeling aspects of the completely different elements of the WECS like the fundamental model of ANN based MPPT controller, MLI, wind turbine, optimum maximum power point tracking system utilizing MATLAB/Simulink. Major object is to extract the maximum energy from the wind which confirms a highest efficiency of developed system. The thesis shows the model of wind turbine together with the model of PMSG. The ANN based mostly MPPT approach used right here is predicated on Perturbation and observation (P&amp;O). To complete the process of modeling and simulation the platform of MATLAB/Simulink is utilized. Developed ANN are most efficient technique compared to conventional methods. It achieves maximum power with more stability, precision and better performance with good dynamic response under variable wind speed conditions. It exhibits the enhancements for the developed system and control action for balance/unbalanced steady state in addition to transient, dynamic response circumstances.

Impact of a PMSG inter-turn short-circuits fault on a grid-connected variable-speed wind energy conversion system

This paper assesses the effect of an inter-turn short circuit fault in stator windings of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous generator (PMSG)-based variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) connected to the grid by a power converters interface. The objective is to assess the impact of the fault on the WECS performances. This study has two tasks. The first one details a dynamic modeling of different subsystems of the WECS. The mathematical model of the defective PMSG is also set up. The second one presents an appropriate control strategy for the power converters interface. The control of the PMSG-side converter aims to ensure the operation in maximum power point tracking. The grid-side control was also established by controlling the active and reactive powers to ensure the operation in unity power factor and keeping the DC bus voltage stable. The performance of the control design was tested under healthy and faulty conditions.

Dynamic Operation Loss Minimization for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based on Improved Model Predictive Direct Torque Control

During permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) operation, aside from improving the rapid response of torque and reducing the rippling of torque and flux to guarantee the operational reliability, the loss of the PMSG itself cannot be ignored either. Aiming at this problem, an improved model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) method is proposed, which suppresses the torque ripple and achieves PMSG efficiency optimization. Firstly, based on the conventional MPDTC and the loss model of PMSG, the predicted stator active current is determined, which is utilized for obtaining the predicted torque. Secondly, combined with the generator loss model, the set value of the stator energetic current is obtained; combined with the wind power system maximum power point tracking method, the set value of generator torque is obtained. Thirdly, by converting the torque control error and current control error into a per unit value, the influence of the weight coefficient in the cost function on the control effect is reduced. Finally, the key results verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme by simulation and experiment.

Fuzzy Logic Control Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Wind Energy Conversion System

Variable speed operation and direct drive wind turbines are the modern developments in the technology of Wind energy conversion system (WECS). WECS comprises a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) driven by a wind turbine, a generator side AC/DC rectifier, boost converter and a grid-side DC/AC converter and grid. The wind turbine converts part of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy which intern is converted into electrical energy via the generator. Since the generator output frequency is variable depends on the wind conditions, the FLC based MPPT is used to extract the maximum possible output power by controlling the generator speed. In this, the grid connected wind energy conversion system is considered. Wind turbine, PMSG model and FLC algorithm were simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the mechanical and electrical characteristics such as rotor speed, torque, induced voltage and current have been observed for various wind speeds. Also the DC link voltage has been measured with IGBT based controlled rectifier mode to stabilize the output frequency. From the simulation results, FLC based MPPT method has proven that it can extracted the maximum output power for the varying wind speed conditions.

Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of PMSG- based Variable Speed WTG: Case Study of Adama Wind Farm I, Ethiopia

In this paper, the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) -based Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) at Adama Wind Farm I (WTG), connected to a grid is studied. To study the performance of the WTG, both machine and grid side converters are modeled and analyzed very well. On the machine side, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for maximum energy extraction is done using the direct speed control (DSC) technique, which is linked with the optimal tip speed ratio for each wind speed value considered. On the grid side, dc-link voltage and reactive power flow to the grid are controlled. For this purpose, first, the simulation model of the system is prepared in MATLAB Simulink considering the dynamic mathematical model of the PMSG, and Wind Turbine Aerodynamic model using the user-defined function blocks. Then, the PI regulators designed for direct speed, torque (current) control, and dc-link voltage are employed in the model. Moreover, to study and analyze the behavior of the system in a variable speed operation, a wind speed starting from cut-in wind speed (3m/s) to the rated wind speed (11m/s) is applied in 4s. The simulation result of the existing system model shows that the actual values of performance variables correspond well with the analytical values of the system. In addition, the chosen control algorithms applied in the control system of the generator-side converter are hence verified.

Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter Based Dynamic Equivalent Method of PMSG Wind Farm Cluster

In order to reduce the dimension of wind farm model and improve the simulation efficiency under the premise of ensuring the accuracy, this article proposes a dynamic equivalent method for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind farm cluster utilizing the adaptive extended Kalman filters. Combining the dynamic model of PMSG, the equivalent wind turbine parameters that need to be identified are incorporated into the extended state variables, and an online parameters identification method based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) theory is put forward. To eliminate the influence of random noise on the accuracy of identification, the adaptive technology is introduced into EKF to estimate the process and measurement noise covariance in real time through the Sage–Husa estimator. Thus, a wind farm cluster equivalent model is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by time-domain simulation and frequency-domain simulation in IEEE 39-bus system.

Stabilization of permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine system via fuzzy-based sampled-data control approach

This study concerns the stabilization analysis for nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind turbine system under fuzzy-based memory sampled-data (FBMSD) control scheme. In this regard, the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy theory is utilized in the conversion of the proposed nonlinear model into linear-sub models and the corresponding FBMSD controller is designed. The paper introduces a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional that contains the information about the length of the sampling interval and a constant transmission delay. In order to stabilize the proposed system, sufficient conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities. As a test benchmark, the derived T-S fuzzy PMSG model is evaluated with a particular data set values and then validated with derived conditions. Besides that, the dynamical nature of system variables with respect to a blade pitch angle of the wind turbine system also discusses along with d-q axes inductance via numerical simulations. Finally, a comparison of derived conditions with the existing works is discussed to prove the less conservatism of the proposed method.

Passivity-based Voltage Controller for Tidal Energy Conversion System with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

Nonlinear dynamical and time varying parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), make it difficult to control. This paper presents a new passivity-based control (PBC) of tidal turbine based PMSG, connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. The control problem is challenging for at least two reasons. First, the dynamics of the conversion system are described by a highly coupled set of nonlinear differential equations and various uncertainties of the PMSG model. Second, it is preferable to operate this kind of systems at the point of maximum power, which is a nonlinear function. To this end, two kinds of control strategies have been used. A new passivity-based voltage controller (PBVC) design applied to the machine-side, that ensures asymptotic convergence to the MPPT is presented. A proportional integral derivative (PID) is added to design a desired torque dynamic in order to guarantee a fast convergence and stability of the closed loop system, which allows to the PMSG to operate at an optimal speed. Secondly, a classical proportional integral (PI) controllers is applied to the grid-side in order to regulate the DC-Link voltage and to deliver only the active power into distribution network. Finally, the obtained simulation results under MATLAB/Simulink, show that the proposed control strategy ensures stability and fast response of the DC-link voltage and the reactive power generated is extremely minimized.

Real-time monitoring of an electronic wind turbine emulator based on the dynamic PMSG model using a graphical interface

This paper proposes an electronic wind turbine emulator (EWTEm) platform involving the dynamic models of the wind turbine (WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), and turbine-generator mechanical coupling, such that a real WT can be emulated for distinct kinds of loads and wind profiles. Low implementation cost represents an advantage for the proposed EWTEm, followed by its versatility on the commercial WT emulation with different characteristics, enabling the development of both theoretical and practical laboratory researches. Besides the 3-Phase 3-Leg inverter, the system is composed of a controlled rectifier with a high power factor and a graphical interface. Thus, it is possible to perform the following tasks: 1) vary the wind speed or wind profile; 2) visualize and assess the dynamic and static performances of the EWTEm by measuring the inverter quantities, such as voltages, currents, electric power, and frequency of the PMSG; and 3) visualize the quantities that are calculated into the digital signal controller, such as WT mechanical power, electromagnetic torque and rotation speed at the PMSG shaft. Simulation results are presented, as well as experimental tests are carried out and visualized by a graphical interface considering the system subjected to several transients of load and wind speed.

Optimal Estimation and Tracking Control for Variable-speed Wind Turbine with PMSG

Designing an optimal tracking controller and system observer is a nonlinear problem in the variable-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this paper, an adjusted feedforward and feedback optimal controller with extended Kalman filter (EKF) is introduced to estimate and control the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with several disturbances of the wind speed. An augmented model of wind turbine and PMSG is expanded, and then the parameters of the optimal controller and estimator are obtained. The dynamic stability of the closed-loop system with feedback-feedforward controller (FFC), EKF and speed controller are analyzed. To compare the dynamic performance of EKF and FFC with the conventional controllers, numerical results are demonstrated with the disturbances of the wind speed and faults in power grid.

Synchronization of Chaotic-Oscillation Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Networks via Adaptive Impulsive Control

This brief presents an adaptive impulsive control scheme for the chaotic-oscillation permanent magnet synchronous generators networks based on theories of complex networks. First, the parameter conditions of the chaotic permanent magnet synchronous generator model are presented, and the coupled dynamic networks is constructed based on Newman-Watts small-world network algorithm. After then, the adaptive impulsive control theory of complex networks is analyzed. Based on the equidistant impulsive control scheme and the adaptive feedback control scheme, a suitable impulsive control gain matrix, impulsive time and the adaptive feedback controller are designed to illustrate the synchronization of the chaotic-oscillation wind generator networks. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the designed adaptive impulsive controllers are efficient to improve the stability and convergence time of the network.

Multi-input rectifier stage for a system of hybrid PV/wind driven PMSG

This article depicts a novel configuration of the multi-input rectifier stage for a system of hybrid PV/wind driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are applied to extract maximum power from the wind turbine and the solar module when it is obtainable to increase the PV efficiency and wind driven PMSG. Using dc/dc converter topology individually with control of MPPT to produce power. Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is applied for PV device that the dc voltage is utilized as perturbation variable whereas, in wind system, the perturbation variable is utilized in modified P&O MPPT algorithm. In this work, the main contribution is the implementation of a PV/wind driven PMSG hybrid model in the form of Matlab Simulink based on multi-input rectifier stage. In this study, a multi-input rectifier topology for grid-inserted PV/Wind driven PMSG model has been applied. MPPT based control of PV supply is carrying out on cuk converter topology. The multi-input rectifier stage has the ability to eradicate current harmonics. Therefore, no extra input filters are required. Matlab/Simulink program is applied in the present study to implement the modeling and analysis of grid-inserted PV/wind driven PMSG based on multi-input rectifier topology.

Design of Observer-Based Event-Triggered Fuzzy ISMC for T–S Fuzzy Model and its Application to PMSG

The main aim of this article is to design the observer-based event-triggered (ET) fuzzy integral sliding mode control (ETFISMC) for the generalized Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system which is formulated from a nonlinear system through blending the membership grades altogether. Distinct to the existing controller schemes, the proposed fuzzy integral sliding mode control (FISMC) scheme contains the ET condition which needs to be satisfied for the activation of the controller. Besides that, the network-induced communication constraints are considered into the derivation of sufficient conditions, and then the corresponding stabilization issue is attenuated in the sense of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> control performance. In addition, the appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) candidate is constructed and evaluated through convex matrix inequality approach that ensures the stable H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> performance of the closed-loop system in terms of solvable linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Further, instead of considering the general problem for the validation of the proposed result, the stabilization problem of nonlinear chaotic permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) model is taken into account for the validation of the proposed sufficient conditions. The purpose of considering the PMSG model is because of its significance in the wind energy conversion systems.