Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion Research Articles

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON PMSG BASED WIND GENERATION SYSTEM INTERFACED MULTILEVEL CONVERTER WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE

This paper focuses on the development of ANN based MPPT interfaced Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind energy conversion system (WECS). There are many drawbacks to conventional energy sources, such as higher fossil fuel prices, damaging to the environment, a shortage of resources, and increased pollution. Due to the unpredictable and arbitrary nature of wind energy, it is crucial to introduce several control strategies in order to maximize its efficiency. In this work, Levenberg algorithms are developed for Artificial Intelligence Technique using MPPT algorithms for PMSG-based wind energy conversion systems. The proposed system consists of 3 kW PMSG integrated WECS, DC to DC boost converter, multilevel inverter and different loads. The DC to DC converter is connected to the multilevel inverter through a DC link capacitor. The inverter power is fed to the grid through a step-down transformer. MPPT controllers are used in the standalone wind energy conversion system. The goal of this research is to develop an MPPT controller using Levenberg-based Artificial Intelligence Technique for wind energy conversion systems. With the proposed Levenberg-based Artificial Intelligence Technique, MPPT uses voltage and current as input variables for DC to DC boost converter duty ratios. The Artificial Intelligence Technique of MPPT controller for standalone wind energy conversion systems with various different input/output conditions is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The performance of the Artificial Intelligence Technique-based MPPT controller versus the conventional incremental conductance MPPT controller. Simulation results show that for a wide range of input wind speed, Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller shows improved performance than the conventional MPPT at various operating conditions. The response of the developed Levenberg based Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT algorithms for PMSG based wind energy conversion system in MATLAB/ Simulink environment to investigate the robustness of the developed control strategy and validate the reliability and stability under different input/output conditions for grid connected wind generation system.

Fuzzy Fractional-Order PID Control for PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion System with Sparse Matrix Converter Topology

Sparse matrix converter (SMC) is an indirect AC-to-AC power electronic converter that has a fictitious DC link between rectification and inversion stages in which neither a capacitor nor an inductor, as the storage element, is utilized. Due to this advantage, SMC is used in AC drives, marine thrust systems, aerospace industry, as well as in wind energy applications. On the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is competitive in wind turbine applications due to their prominent features. In this work, a fuzzy fractional-order PID (FFOPID) controller is designed for a PMSG based wind energy conversion system (WECS) which employs a three-phase three-level SMC. The FFOPID controller is chosen to combine the salient features of the fractional-order calculus and fuzzy logic operations to enhance the dynamic response of classical PID controller with fixed gains. The simulation results taken under different case studies are analyzed in detail, which demonstrate the superiority of the designed FFOPID controller over classical PID control approach in tracking d- and q-axis current references of the SMC at the output. With the designed control approach, the smooth control of the real and reactive power injections into the grid from the WECS are ensured with acceptable transient response.

Grid integration of PMSG based wind energy conversion with battery storage system

In this paper, the design and implementation of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion system and battery bank storages are connected to utility grid. It has phase locked loop (PLL) control strategy as it provides for control single-phase grid connected inverter with constant dc-link voltage. The dc-link is interfaced to a permanent magnet synchronous generator through diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with dc-dc boost converter, battery bank and single phase voltage source inverter (VSI).The dc-link voltage is maintained constant value of 48 V by controlling dc-dc converter with help of perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm based maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The VSI output voltage and frequency values are controlled based on grid parameters using PI controller and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. In this grid connected system is simulated and performances are analyzed through MATLAB software. The prototype experimental results are verified through 1 kW PMSG, 48 V battery bank with single phase grid connected system.

Application of grid connected multilevel inverter for renewable energy integration

This study investigates the integration concerns of next-generation renewable energy systems, in which the grid is turning more disseminate and accessible. In this case, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion systems are expected to be more beneficial. Provision of power quality improvement such as Harmonic Reduction is the basic key to obtain higher utilization of wind energy. This functionality for future systems leads to lower energy cost, and reliable power system. To incorporate the advanced features, a five level cascaded H – bridge inverter, with reduced number of power electronic switches is progressed in this study, that is configured within the renewable source systems such as solar and wind. The study is carried out on a 10 KW PMSG based wind energy conversion system interfaced to grid. The proposed concept is elucidated through modelling, simulating and analysing in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Performance Analysis of PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Different LVRT Enhancement Methods

Background: Wind energy generation has emerged as the fastest growing renewable energy technology in recent years. Among different wind turbine configurations, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind turbines are becoming popular due to several advantageous features associated with this. Introduction: In the events of grid fault, active power delivery to the grid is required to be stopped or reduced as per the grid code specification and due to this mismatch between power generation and power delivery results in a rise in DC link voltage and high stress on converter switches. Modern grid codes suggest Wind Power Plants (WPPs) to remain in operation and such requirements are termed as Fault Ride-Through (FRT) or Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT). Method: Several LVRT enhance method have been proposed in the literature in the past having distinct pros and cons. Some of them employ external means and some suggest modification of existing control in order to meet LVRT requirement specified by the grid code. Methods based on external devices may be simple and effective but in some cases, they are not cost effective. Literature suggests the use of a modified controller based method for meeting LVRT requirement economically. Results: This paper presents a review of different LVRT enhancement methods for PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs). In order to compare the performance outcomes of LVRT enhancement methods, several simulations are performed for an example WECS based on 2MW PMSG on MATLAB/Simulink platform. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of simulation results, Modified controller based methods and FACT devices are found cost-effective solutions for LVRT enhancement.

Optimal power tracking of PMSG based wind energy conversion systems by constrained direct control with fast convergence rates

This paper proposes a simple direct control with fast convergence rates under constraints for tracking optimal power of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The simplicity features are on neglecting the following: predicted control performances, measurement of aerodynamic torque/wind speed and stator currents. The superior features are on very fast and accurate tracking performances with asymptotic convergence and well-regulated stator currents. First, a nonlinear observer is designed to observe both aerodynamic torque and stator currents. The wind speed is then inferred from the estimated aerodynamic torque and consequently, the optimal speed reference is identified. Next, the conditions of asymptotic stability for the closed-loop dynamics are formulated. Finally, a simple direct control is proposed to maximize the convergence rates in transient states and reduce switching frequency in steady states. Comparative studies with finite set model predictive control are presented to validate the advantageous features of the proposed method. The comparative results show that the superiority of the proposed method is proved by better controlled outputs with lower ripples, smaller steady-state tracking errors, faster response in transient-states, good tracking performance even for fast-varying aerodynamic torque, and lower average switching-frequency.

Technological Advancement in PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Issues and Challenges

Background: Since its beginning in 1980, wind energy generation has gained newer heights and emerged as the most promising renewable energy technology at present. Wind turbine rating has increased from few kW to MW and now multi-MW turbines are also available and in operation too. Introduction: Impact of wind turbines on the grid has significantly increased with increased penetration of wind power into the grid. In order to improve the performance characteristics of the wind turbines, and make them suitable for grid integration, more advanced generators, control schemes, and power converters are required. Latest wind energy market trends and research articles reflect the popularity and market capture of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for wind turbine applications. Method: The present work is dedicated to important electrical aspects concerning PMSG based wind energy conversion system. Starting with the technological development of wind turbine, state-of-the-art PMS based wind turbine concepts with power electronic converter topologies are discussed. Result: A comprehensive analysis of converter topology, grid integration, integration issues, and future research and technology trends are presented.In addition steady state performance analysis of PMSG based wind turbine is presented depicting issues with different control schemes. Conclusion: The study presented in this paper envisages help to the researcher in this area by providing them clear insight of various power electronic interfaces, their control complexities and various issues of concern. In addition we are assure that steady state analysis presented in this paper will attract the newcomers in this field of research.

Control strategy of PMSG based wind energy conversion system under strong wind conditions

This paper presents a control approach for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) under a wide range of wind speeds. Generally, most of the wind turbines are turned-off and disconnected from the power grid, in case wind velocity is gone over 25 m/s. It may cause wind power supply shortage from wind farms. This research introduces a pitch angle controller as well as a rotational speed control system so that the PMSG based WECS can generate power if the wind speeds are above 25 m/s. The proposed method reduces the mechanical stress of the wind turbine by preferential reducing of the rotational speed rather than the mechanical torque during strong wind condition. As a result, the chance of turning-off the is reduced compared to the conventional control system because the PMSG based WECS can temporarily tolerate the wind speed up to 35 m/s. A 2 MW WECS with the electrical and mechanical characteristics is modeled in the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems® to verify the proposed research.

Modeling and Control of Standalone Direct-Driven PMSG WECS for Grid Compatibility at Varying Wind Speeds

Wind energy is one of the most available and exploitable forms of renewable energy. Variable speed PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) offers many advantages compared to the fixed speed squirrel cage induction generators such as improved stator output operation at better power factor, no maintenance cost for gear box (as it is direct-driven) reduction in weight and losses, higher efficiency and ability to run at low speeds. The elimination of the gear box and brushes can enhance the efficiency of wind turbine by 10%. In this paper a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is modeled whose stator is connected to the constant single phase load (in place of grid) through AC/DC thyristors based rectifier followed by capacitor (dc-link) and DC/DC converter control. Overall arrangement provides constant output to connected load if applied with proper controlling techniques. Hence this proposed wind generation system design can be extended for grid connection also via DC/AC inverter control. Results are simulated and verified in MATLAB/Simulink platform at constant rated (12m/s) and varying (stepped) wind speed for smooth and constant output voltage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3.7097

PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion with Space Vector Modulation

Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme is used for a variable –speed direct drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in a wind power generation system. SVM Provides more flexibility for inverter voltage utilization, in order to compensate the torque and flux errors in a smoother way than conventional DTC. SVM based DTC maintains constant switching frequency and it can be applied using closed loop torque control, for minimization of torque ripple. Over the conventional Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), PMSG has several advantages. The PMSG based on Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) can be connected to the turbine without gearbox. The gearbox causes in the cost of maintenance, and then it will decrease the weight of the nacelle. Additionally, the generators have a better efficiency and have been slightly cheaper. This provides maximum flexibility, enabling full real and reactive power control. The SVM-DTC regulated PMSG wind turbine can achieve fast torque response, relatively low torque ripples, and extracts the maximum power. The effectiveness of the SVM-DTC control scheme for PMSG has been demonstrated by MATLAB simulation.