Permanent Construction Research Articles

Blockchain Technology in Open Government: A Bibliometric Network Analysis in Scopus

The present study aimed to analyze the bibliometric network in Scopus on blockchain technology in open government between the years 2015 and 2023. It was a bibliometric analysis that defined the metrics of scientific production. The indicators were obtained from 132 papers chosen from the Scopus database using keywords in English (Blockchain, open government). The results show that the year with the highest scientific production was 2022 (n=34; 25.8%). In addition, India (23.3%; n=37) is the country with the most publications, while the journal Lecture Notes in Computer Science published 8 (195 citations) papers, with author Ølnes, S. being the most cited (125 citations; n= 2 papers). From the analyzed studies, it is concluded that blockchain technology in open government has increased as a function of available resources, topics and authors, because blockchain is a quantitative tool that promotes the permanent construction of open, dynamic, transparent and efficient institutions.

Simulated Learning Environments as an Interdisciplinary Option for Vocational Training: A Systematic Review

Background The current scenario of university education calls for training spaces that go beyond direct instruction and knowledge memorization exercises. Such requirement stems from the need to articulate very diverse knowledge and skills that the current professional must develop both in university practice and in their daily work. Given this circumstance, it is imperative to build new teaching experiences that articulate the space of practice and the knowledge that corresponds to it, as scenarios for the interdisciplinary and permanent construction of knowledge. Method To address this issue, a systematic literature review has been conducted to explore research from the last 20 years on the educational implementation of simulations in various professions. After conducting filtering and sampling processes, 101 articles were reviewed, which were read in depth and to which qualitative processes of categorization and frequency analysis were applied. Results The results of the review highlight some advantages and limitations of simulations as learning resources and suggest the importance of their deployment from an interdisciplinary perspective of teaching, especially in health sciences. Conclusion Finally, we reflect on the importance of approaching simulation-based learning from a curricular perspective, which brings learning in higher education closer to the complex realities of the world of work. In addition, the existence of great challenges and transformative effects of its implementation on university educational structures and models is highlighted.

Nutritional Considerations in Colorectal Surgery in Diverting Ileostomy Patients: A Review.

Colorectal surgery often results in a temporary or permanent ileostomy construction. The general nutritional status and intake of patients with an ileostomy have not received much attention and scientific evidenceis lacking. Nutritional complications associated with ileostomy formation and colonic exclusion include fluid (dehydration) and electrolyte abnormalities (mainly hyponatremia), impaired renal function occurring from plasma volume depletion, and reduced energy absorption due to the role of the large bowel in energy assimilation. People with ileostomies frequently avoid specific foods, due to concerns of possible malfunction or food blockages of their stoma, which may produce a negative effect on their overall dietary intake and nutritional status. The present article reviews the existing literature on nutritional considerations for those with an ileostomy and discusses measures to optimize overall nutritional status of this category of patients.

La metodología constructivista aplicada en la enseñanza de la danza moderna y contemporánea

This article addressed the constructivist methodology in contemporary dance training. The objective pursued in this research was to analyze the constructivist teaching method in contemporary dance, for this the qualitative methodology was used for an exhaustive literature review, with the intention of comparing the different methodologies used in contemporary dance training; to reach the conclusions of which is the most appropriate according to the needs of (the learner), for an effective training in contemporary dance through which it was possible to develop and enhance the skills and abilities of the students of contemporary dance. As conclusions and final results, the apprentice was trained with analytical and reflective criteria and with the ability to self-evaluate for a permanent construction of significant knowledge in contemporary dance.

Update Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and GRADE Assessment of the Evidence on Parastomal Hernia Prevention-A EHS, ESCP and EAES Collaborative Project.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of prophylactic mesh for the prevention of parastomal hernia in end colostomy, with the ultimate objective to summarize the evidence for an interdisciplinary, European rapid guideline. Methods: We updated a previous systematic review with de novo evidence search of PubMed from inception up to June 2022. Primary outcome was quality of life (QoL). Secondary outcomes were clinical diagnosis of parastomal hernia, surgery for parastomal hernia, and 30day or in-hospital complications Clavien-Dindo ≥3. We utilised the revised Cochrane Tool for randomised trials (RoB 2 tool) for risk of bias assessment in the included studies. Minimally important differences were set a priori through voting of the panel members. We appraised the evidence using GRADE and we developed GRADE evidence tables. Results: We included 12 randomized trials. Meta-analysis suggested no difference in QoL between prophylactic mesh and no mesh for primary stoma construction (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.14 to 0.2], I2 = 0%, low certainty of evidence). With regard to parastomal hernia, the use of prophylactic synthetic mesh resulted in a significant risk reduction of the incidence of the event, according to data from all available randomized trials, irrespective of the follow-up period (OR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.18-0.62], I2 = 74%, moderate certainty of evidence). Sensitivity analyses according to follow-up period were in line with the primary analysis. Little to no difference in surgery for parastomal hernia was encountered after pooled analysis of 10 randomised trials (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.25-1.09], I2 = 14%). Finally, no significant difference was found in Clavien-Dindo grade 3 and 4 adverse events after surgery with or without the use of a prophylactic mesh (OR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.45-1.30], I2 = 0%, low certainty of evidence). Conclusion: Prophylactic synthetic mesh placement at the time of permanent end colostomy construction is likely associated with a reduced risk for parastomal hernia and may confer similar risk of peri-operative major morbidity compared to no mesh placement. There may be no difference in quality of life and surgical repair of parastomal hernia with the use of either approach.

Numerical investigation on performance of nail stabilised vertical cuts

Soil nailing is an earth retention technique commonly used for stabilising steep slopes, retaining excavations and helps in maintaining the ground surface at two different elevations. Ease of installation, economic efficiency and effective performance of soil nailed structures under different loading conditions has resulted in the rapid use of the technique in different temporary and permanent construction applications. This study deals with the finite element analysis of 6 m and 10 m high vertical soil nailed walls to evaluate the performance under static loading. The characteristics of structures are evaluated under different nail inclinations, nail lengths and different site conditions. The response of soil nailed structures under different parameters are assessed with respect to maximum horizontal displacement of the wall, maximum axial force developed along the nail length and lateral earth pressure distribution on the nailed wall. An optimum nail inclination of 15° and nail length ratio of 0.7 has been identified as best suited for a stable vertical cut.

Quelle méthode de traduction des métaphores de l’espagnol vers les langues camerounaises en contexte d’apprentissage ?

Translating Metaphors from Spanish to Cameroonian Languages: Which Method in a learning context?
 Metaphor, in its various forms, poses substantial constraints when one undertakes to translate it, given that it is a model of expression of a culture, a mode of thought, singularised through each language and in permanent construction. After clarifying some conceptual and theoretical points about the process of metaphorisation and the typology of metaphor, this study qualitatively analyses the way in which 29 students from a translation institute in Cameroon translated some forty metaphors from Spanish into Cameroonian languages. Given the difficulty of collecting metaphors in their diverse and unclear typology, the study is limited to the category of fixed metaphors, particularly idioms. It is found that because of the cultural connotations they carry and the acrolectal style they are supposed to convey; metaphors are difficult to translate by translator-learners who have not been introduced to a specific method for doing so. Most students make numerous errors (non- translations, lack of meaning, and loss of meaning) that betray the precariousness of their translation process. Following this observation, this study, which is both descriptive and prescriptive, recommends some specific methodological points that should be taught to translator-learners to enable them to translate metaphors from Spanish into Cameroonian languages effectively. The said methodological points are built on the basis of the work of Barnwell (1990), Misri (1990), Hagström (2002), Jamet (2003), and more around the seven strategies advocated by Newmark (1981) for metaphor transfer, namely reproduction of the same image (literal translation), replacement with a standard image, replacement with a simile that retains the image, replacement with a simile with explanation, conversion of the metaphor into an explanation of its meaning, omission, and reproduction of the original metaphor combined with an explanation. However, the study recommends that such a draft method, in order to be effective and beneficial, should be accompanied by didactic reforms in the teaching of Spanish translation in relation to Cameroonian languages. In this perspective, it would be appropriate for translator-learners to be more exposed to metaphors in Spanish, and that bridges and didactic "pretexts" be created to enable them to rub shoulders with experts in Cameroonian languages and cultures.

Permanent Sheet Pile Wall in Soft Sensitive Clay

Reports on the serviceability stage and long-term performance of embedded retaining structures are scarce, even more so in areas with background settlements. This paper presents a case study of an excavation with a permanent sheet pile wall in soft sensitive clay in Uppsala, Sweden. The monitoring data span the short-term and four years of the serviceability stage. The monitoring data are compared with finite element analyses using the rate-dependent Creep-SClay1S model. A historic groundwater drawdown is accounted for in the modeling and challenges with respect to the proper initialization of the in situ stress state, preconsolidation pressure, fabric, and bonding are discussed. The results show that even though the background settlements are somewhat underpredicted, the horizontal displacements as well as anchor forces were captured rather accurately. This valuable case study of the short- and long-term behavior of a permanent sheet pile wall in soft sensitive clay confirms the performance of using this cost-effective solution for a permanent construction. Furthermore, the paper highlights the challenges of an accurate description and modeling of the initial in situ state.

Using child-friendly city principles to improve dilapidated neighbourhoods, Tehran, Iran

Tehran's urban management approach has changed from large- to small-scale projects due to increased semi-finished projects and budget shortages. The goal was to change the concept of ‘city as a site of permanent construction’ to ‘neighbourhoods' improvement’, through which citizens can experience tranquility and stability. There is a growing concern about children being exposed to different urban problems. Attempting to address their essential needs in public places has led the municipality to improve dilapidated neighbourhoods, focusing on child-friendly small-scale projects. This study analyses the success of a project named ‘colourful alley’ in the Dastgheib neighbourhood of Tehran. After reviewing the related literature, a questionnaire was designed based on a conceptual model to determine inhabitants' perceptions. The data analysis included a Friedman test ranking the project's successful aspects, with a correlation test identifying the impacts of improving one dimension over the other. The results show a positive response among inhabitants. The analysis criteria included five successful aspects of collective memory, identity, livability, presence, and distinction. The results confirmed that improving visual-perceptual criteria has a direct and strong correlation with improving social or procedural criteria. In fact, child-friendly city principles can be deemed as catalysts for enhancing poor neighbourhoods.

Rail Track for Light Rail Transit Systems

The analysis of the well-known designs and technologies for manufacture of rail tracks for light rail transit (LRT) allows to assess trends in development of this type of transportation, as well as to reveal an underestimation of public rail transport referring to the existing «tendency to eliminate tram traffic» in several Russian cities, despite the problems of urban ground passenger transport associated with a limited resource of urban space.The prospects for development of urban ground passenger transport systems of LRT type were considered regarding adoption of new types of rolling stock, infrastructure development, reduction of costs and time of renewal of existing and construction of new tracks.The objective of this article is to present an option of a rail track design for LRT considering its structural and technological features, as well as comparative assessment of its technical and economic indicators. The research method is based on the analysis of the current state, prospects, and trends in development of LRT in Russia, which made it possible to propose a solution to the existing problem of urban passenger transport. Research was reflected in relevant patents, in pending applications for alleged inventions, as well as in experience of manufacturing full-scale samples.Comparative assessment referred to the known designs of sleeper and sleeperless, ballast and ballastless track used for light rail transit.A prefabricated, two-level structure of a ballastless rail track for light rail transit is suggested. The design consists of a pile foundation with superposed longitudinal sleeper track connected by transverse braces. The design and technological features, as well as advantages of the proposed design in terms of essential indicators are shown in comparison with the known rail track designs for light rail transit. It is shown that the proposed track design makes it possible to develop a self-sufficient, self-organising logistics system and to quickly proceed with permanent construction, processing passenger traffic and cargo flows. Since the concept of «from infrastructure to facility» is replaced by the concept of «from facility to infrastructure», it allows development of the facility to outpace development of transport infrastructure, as a costly system with a distant payback.

The territories of the practices of the trench: Origins, scope, desire

AbstractOur work with children whose rights have been violated, with their families devastated by family violence and where the majority have been left out of the sociocultural systems and experiencing serious economic and educational difficulties, has taken us to our professional limit. The solitary and individual work, in the dim light of the office, left us without tools. As therapists, we can say that it has been necessary to break with our own mental schemes and to take a leap into the territory, the terrain itself. The learned university theories were questioned, forcing us to include a more humanising and less judgmental look at the work. A psychology of the trench was born for us. This paper articulates a work process that required something more than specific training in our subject matter. It summoned us as human beings capable of hosting suffering. From this starting point, and with an open mind and heart to go through its stages, this process is presented as a journey with advances and setbacks in its intervention modalities, systematising programs in permanent construction. Systematising practices is not an easy task. Familias Cuidando (Caring Families) and Adoptar es Posible (To Adopt is Possible) are the developmental spaces of our trench practices, practices that aim to accompany children, adolescents, and their families through the system of promotion and comprehensive protection of their rights. From Vicente López, a district in the province of Buenos Aires, our psycho‐socio‐educational and legal approach tries to be a link within collaborative and supportive practices; establishing ties, networks, and dialogues to strengthen the new paradigm aiming to support listening to the voice of children and adolescents; rescuing their childhoods, resignifying the different family models, and accompanying the construction of a life project for each one, in which we all fit.

Increasing safety in residential construction through a simplified earthquake- and typhoon-resistant guidelines

This paper presents the engineering basis for a document, Residential Design and Construction Guidelines (hereafter, Guidelines). The Guidelines is developed by the engineers of Build Change and its partners based on their technical reconnaissance after the 2013 earthquake in Bohol on October 15, 2013, and Typhoon Haiyan on November 8, 2013. The Guidelines are centered on the observations of typical residential construction and damage in these areas and the requirements of the 2010 National Structural Code of the Philippines. The Guidelines provide illustrated and simple instructions on residential construction, making them accessible to homeowners and local builders. The Guidelines are designed for disaster-resistant, permanent low-rise housing construction, endorsed by the Department of Public Works and Highways of the Philippines (in March 2016). Increasing understanding and application of the Guidelines in residential construction in earthquake- and typhoon-prone areas will increase the structural safety of houses and the country's resiliency.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Simulation in Sunter River Using Non Orthogonal Water Quality Model Transport

Water pollution problem in Jakarta has been going on for a long time. The existence of some rivers that are not directly connected to upstream in the tidal area can speed up the occurrence of water pollution and slow the circulation of polluted waste that affects water quality in river-estuary. Since 2010 after Kanal Banjir Timur (KBT) operated, Sunter River streamflow was divided by KBT, changes flow rate and water quality pattern. The study area is the main channel of the Sunter River which has 17 km lengths includes Duren Sawit, Pulo Gadung, Kelapa Gading, Plumpang, Rawa Badak and Tanjung Priok Area where the average water load is 624 mg/L. The simulation is divided into 2 scenarios with a flowrate configuration of 5 m3/s and 100 m3/s (with a raining condition of 1 hour). MuQuald3D, a three-dimensional water quality model, has been employed in this research. The merit of this model is that it can accurately predict water pollution load within the surface layer and the bottom layer and can be shown in contour profile which is effective and efficient guidance to solve the water quality problems along Sunter river-estuary. The model results show the effect of salinity will gradually reduce BOD concentration, and the existence of permanent construction around estuary (breakwater, port) changes pollutant distribution to the West and East area and increases the time of decomposition in waters, especially in low flowrate conditions.

Progression through emergency and temporary shelter, transitional housing and permanent housing: A longitudinal case study from the 2018 Lombok earthquake, Indonesia

Increasing quality while reducing the time and costs of progressing disaster-affected populations from emergency shelter to permanent housing is key for improving post-disaster resilience. However, targets set around quality and time are often overly optimistic; the process is complex and factors affecting the progression of shelter and housing through the initial weeks and months following a disaster are diverse and not well documented. To identify which contributors are key to recovery efforts and at what stages in the process they can help or hinder, we need to study post-disaster environments over time. This longitudinal study of the shelter and housing evolution over the first eight months following the August 2018 Lombok earthquake helps to provide some insight. We argue that unrealistic expectations over timelines and standards were set. We consider the humanitarian response through aid and grants, the role of individual actors, and wealth and location of those affected. Hampering overall recovery efforts were a lack of transitional housing policy, an overly complex grant process for permanent housing construction, and a failure to declare a national disaster in a politicised environment. Conversely, shelter vulnerability reduction (people moving into more secure shelter then housing) at household level was marginally affected by wealth, proximity to a regency centre, being in an urban location or receiving additional shelter aid in the first few months, but less influential four months following the disaster. Most households self-recovered, with those recovering fastest being the most proactive and adaptable, who were supported by an effective village leader.

Assessing distributive inequities in FEMA's Disaster recovery assistance fund allocation

Social vulnerability is significant in differential disaster impacts and outcomes and has been shown to influence the pace and progression of post-disaster recovery processes. Various disaster assistance programs - designed to support individual survivors, states, local governments, non-governmental entities, and businesses - may be distributing funds inequitably because they are not accounting for social vulnerabilities. One such program, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Individuals and Households Program (IHP) program supports homeowners and renters for rental, repair, replacement, and permanent housing construction of disaster-damaged houses as well as providing other needs assistance to disaster victims with disaster-related non-housing expenses. To date, limited exploration connecting underlying social vulnerabilities and distribution of federal disaster assistance funds has provided only an incomplete understanding of the connections between underlying socio-economic conditions and often inequitable federal recovery assistance distribution. We analyzed county-level IHP assistance provided to homeowners between 2010 and 2018 and explored the relationships between fund distribution and social vulnerability indicators while controlling for total damages. Employing ordinary least squares regression analysis, we assessed links between Total Assistance, Housing Repair/Replace Assistance and Other Needs Assistance against social vulnerability variables from the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) framework. Results highlight specific social vulnerability variables influencing FEMA's distribution of disaster recovery assistance with race/ethnicity-related variables as the most frequent (regularly negative) influence on recovery fund receipt. Findings suggest that disaster assistance receipt is linked to underlying social vulnerability. As such, greater attention to and inclusion of social vulnerabilities would lead to more equitable distribution of disaster recovery funds.

National Treasure Matsue Castle Permanent Lighting Construction

National Treasure Matsue Castle Permanent Lighting Construction

The Political and Economic Dimensions of Everyday Life: The Conflict as a Political Institution of a Landless-Cooperative in Brasil

Abstract Taking as a case study a cooperative belonging to the Landless Movement (MST) of Brazil, this article analyzes the place of conflict and the relationship between the economic and political dimensions of daily life. It presents an analysis on the way to balance the political principles and practices of cooperativism and the constraints imposed by the market economy, by trying to understand how the political experiences of the subjects participate in establishing a social order around a common political project, under permanent construction.

Hybridity of economic and social activities on informal market in Jakarta

For more people, public open space plays an important role in everyday life. High accessibility causes a variety of activities to take place, both according to planning and those that take place without being planned. One of the activities that occur spontaneously and continue continuously so that it becomes a permanent construction is the formation of an informal market. The market is a meeting place for two actors, namely sellers and buyers, in economic activities in the form of buying and selling. However, unlike modern markets, traditional markets also take place in hybrid social activities. To find the hybridity of these two activities, it is necessary to conduct a research using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that these two activities take place alternately and simultaneously. This hybridity is also a factor for their survival in the pressure of an environmental situation that was formed without a plan.

The ecological resource of an urbanized territory

The urbanization process is accompanied by the growth of cities and an increase in their population. Modern cities are highly complex systems that comprise material and non-material elements of life of urban residents. The development of the urban economy shapes the demand for housing and utility services. Consumer requirements have changed over the years. The aspect of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources from the standpoint of the biosphere approach is to ensure the environmental safety of residential areas in urbanized territories.
 The analysis of statistical information and analytical reviews, available in the open-access sources, is carried out in the context of (1) the housing construction in the subjects of the Russian Federation, (2) ensuring the quality of the urban environment in the regions, (3) satisfaction of the local population with the living conditions in a quarter and in a city. The emphasis is placed on the volume and pace of construction of residential apartment buildings in the Russian cities from 2019 to 2021, consumer requirements for apartments, houses, and landscaping.
 The ecological resource of an urbanized territory represents the rate and quality of the housing construction, including urban planning, volumetric planning, constructive and technological solutions, as well as the current state of the urban economy, including the volume and quality of housing and utility services provided to the population.
 A system of parameters for calculating the ecological resource of residential areas is proposed for discussion, including the estimated indicators of the results of urban planning activities at the stages of the life cycle of a territory and the underground, surface and above-surface facilities that it accommodates. Macro-level design includes the accommodation and construction of permanent construction facilities, linear facilities and their infrastructure; the landscaping of the territory, as an element of the “green” urban framework; a system for handling solid municipal, bulky and hazardous waste. The micro-design is an ecological resource at the level of structural elements of a residential zone, it encompasses a residential area, a micro-district, a block, a complex.

On Demographic Processes and Prospects for Development of Rural Areas of the Novgorod Region

In rural areas in the North-West of Russia, including those in the Novgorod region, there is a negative trend of reduction of permanent residents, especially of working age. Using the example of the Novorakhinsky rural settlement of the Krestetsky municipal district, a study was carried out of the dynamics of the number of residential buildings and their residents, including school-age children, over the past 123 years. A sharp decrease in these indicators was found in almost all rural settlements, some of them were depopulated and eliminated, which is confirmed by statistical data. A significant decrease in the population in villages led to the closure of kindergartens, schools, institutions of health care, trade and culture. The authors attempted to identify some of the reasons for these demographic changes. Rural population was alienated from forest resources, problems arose with the provision of firewood. At the legislative level it is proposed to allocate local forests near rural settlements to villagers and preferentially provide them with timber and other forest products. It is necessary to use the historical experience of the 19th-20th centuries and developments of modern scientists. To interest the local bodies of self-government, it is necessary to include into the assessment of their work and remuneration the following indicators: the dynamics of the number of permanent rural residents, construction and repair of residential housing, improvement of the territories of rural settlements, including high-quality water supply, heating, marketing of agricultural and forest products, and other vitally important conditions.