Peristome Research Articles

Application of combined penile and scrotum skin flap in reoperation for failed hypospadias repair

Objective To explore the application of combined penile and scrotum skin flap in the reoperation process for operation failure cases with hypospadias. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed with the inclusion of 15 failure cases with hypospadias who received combined penile and scrotal skin flap treatment for reoperation from January 2013 to December 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.These cases aged from 7 to 15 years old, with a median age of 10.2 years old.Among them, a 3rd operation was performed in 4 cases, 4th operation in 5 cases, 5th operation in 4 cases, and 6th operation in 2 cases.The procedure of Onlay island flap urethroplasty+ tubularized incised plate (Onlay+ TIP) urethroplasty was performed in 4 patients, and the other 11 cases were treated with urethral mouth basal vascular skin tube urethroplasty (Mathieu)+ TIP urethroplasty.F8 or F10 silicone balloon catheter were used as stent in new urethra, outer dressing after operation was replaced every 2 to 3 d, the outer dressing was demolished 6-8 d after operation. Results All patients were followed up after surgery until March 20, 2016, the follow-up time was 4-26 months.In these 15 patients, the success rate of operation was 86.7%(13/15 cases), among them, 3 cases were success and 1 case was failed in Onlay+ TIP group, and 10 cases were success and 1 case was failed in Mathieu+ TIP group.The patients with successful operation were with beautiful appearance of the penis, normal position of the meatus urinarius and normal urination.No peristome of urethra, urethrovaginal fistula or urethral diverticulum was found after surgery.However, urethral cracking of the glans of penis appeared in 2 operation failed patients, and the orificium urethrae externum was low-set, and urethroplasty was needed 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions For some failure cases with hypospadias showing suitable anatomy conditions, Onlay+ TIP or Mathieu+ TIP combined with penile and scrotal flap may be a good choice for the completion of reoperation. Key words: Hypospadias; Urethroplasty; Reoperation

Material fructificado de Philonotis esquelensis (Bartramiaceae, Bryophyta) descubierto en Chile.

Material fructificado de Philonotis esquelensis (Bartramiaceae, Bryophyta) descubierto en Chile. Philonotis esquelensis, una especie descrita para la Argentina, es registrada por primera vez para Chile. En el presente trabajo se describe e ilustra el esporofito, completando así su diagnosis original. MEB de esporas, cápsula y peristoma son aquí realizados. Se presenta un mapa de la distribución de laespecie en el sur de América del Sur

The Phylogeny of Basal Peristomate Mosses: Evidence from cpDNA, and Implications for Peristome Evolution

Abstract Cladistic analyses based on chloroplast protein coding genes rbcL and rps4, and the chloroplast encoded trnL (UAA) intron were conducted (1) to investigate phylogenetic relationships among basal peristomate mosses, especially the nematodontous mosses (Tetraphidaceae and Polytrichaceae), and the arthrodontous mosses with pleated endostomes (Buxbaumiaceae and Diphysciaceae), and (2) to make inferences on evolution of the peristome. A combined data matrix included 46 taxa and 2206 characters of which 619 were parsimony informative. The results indicate that the basal peristomate mosses, particularly the Tetraphidaceae, Polytrichaceae and Buxbaumiaceae, are paraphyletic. Sister group relationships between the following taxa are newly suggested: Tetraphidaceae and all peristomate mosses; Polytrichaceae and the clade consisting of Buxbaumiaceae, Diphysciaceae, diplolepideous and haplolepideous mosses; Buxbaumiaceae and the clade consisting of Diphysciaceae, diplolepideous and haplolepideous mosses. The...

Independent Origins of Cleistocarpy in the Splachnaceae: Analyses of cpDNA Sequences and Polyphyly of the Voitioideae (Bryophyta)

Many dung mosses (Splachnaceae) are characterized by insect-mediated spore dispersal. All of the ento- mophilous species are coprophilous, whereas anemophilous species are humicolous or epiphytic. The three species of the Voitioideae are coprophilous but are distinguished from other members of the family by sporangia that remain closed (cleistocarpous) and lack a peristome. Spores are released when the sporangial wall disintegrates. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of the trnL-trnF region and the rps4 locus (cpDNA) for 25 species of Splachnaceae suggest that this combination of characters arose twice within the Splachnaceae and that Voitia grandis is more closely related to species of Tayloria subgenus Tayloria rather to the other species of Voitia, which are nested within the genus Tetraplodon. Hence the new combination Tayloria grandis (Long) Goffinet & Shaw is made. Although the optimal trees were left unrooted, our results resolve the Voitioideae (i.e., the genus Voitia ) as nested within the Splachnoideae. The phylogenetic significance of sporophytic characters within the family Splachnaceae is briefly discussed. Some members of the moss family Splachnaceae are unique among seedless land plants: they display fea- tures considered linked with insect-mediated spore dispersal. Such putative adaptations include an en- larged, brightly colored hypophysis, emission of vola- tile compounds that attract insects, sticky spores, and a pseudocolumella (Koponen 1990; Demidova and Fi- lin 1994). The systematics of the family is based pri- marily sporophytic features, and in particular of com- binations of entomophily related characters and the ar- chitecture of the peristome (Koponen 1982). The

Bryophyte Flora of Uganda. 8. Orthotrichaceae Part 1 – Macromitrioideae

(2008). Bryophyte Flora of Uganda. 8. Orthotrichaceae Part 1 – Macromitrioideae. Journal of Bryology: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 201-207.

Unresolved problems on the origin and early evolution of land plants.

The origin of land plants or embryophytes from the Charophyceae is generally accepted today by the botanists. In fact, numerous morphological, cytological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular characters are shared in these organisms. A fundamental problem is still constituted by the evolution of the sporophyte, i.e. the appearance of two different phase cycles (gametophyte/sporophyte alternance), although two theories ("antithetic" and "homologous") try to explain this evolutionary event.However, another phylogenetic dilemma is represented, in my opinion, either by the formation of bryophytes or by the transition from these first land plants to the pteridophytes, considering them at whole organism level. The bryophyte gametophyte is the most elaborate of the land plants. It presents several complex characters, principally the growth developmental form, the appearance of multicellular sex organs, antheridia and archegonia. Also the sporophyte shows a complicated structure that is not found in the other land plants or tracheophytes. The sporangium, in particular, exhibits some intricate morphological traits such as the peristome of true mosses for spore dispersion, the elaters of liverworts and the indeterminate growth in the hornworts. The pteridophytes are represented especially by their dominant sporophyte. This latter has the capacity to produce multiple sporangia and, in many cases, two kinds of spores which develop in male and female gametophyte (heterosporous pteridophytes). Another important characteristic of this sporophyte is its ability to become independent of the gametophyte. However, one of the most innovative character is the formation of true vascular elements (xylem and phloem). All these very large evolutionary jumps are discussed on the basis of the phyletic gradualistic neo-Darwinian theory and the punctuated equilibrium theory of Eldredge and Gould. In this context other genetic evolutionary mechanisms are also considered.Nevertheless, the origin of bryophytes and pteridophytes remain, at the moment, a mystery.

A Conspectus of the Subfamily Macromitrioideae (Bryopsida: Orthotrichaceae) in Southern Africa

In southern Africa the subfamily Macromitrioideae (Orthotrichaceae) consists offour genera, 11 species, and one subspecies. The following taxa are recognised.: Macrocoma, consisting of M. lycopodioides (Schwaegr.) Vitt, M. pulchella (Hornsch.) Vitt, and M. tenue (Hook. & Grey.) Vitt subsp. tenue; Macromitrium, consisting of M. lebomboense Van Rooy, M. levatum Mitt., M. macropelma C. Mill., M. richardii Schwaegr., and M. serpens (Hook. & Grey.) Brid.; Schlotheimia, consisting of S. ferruginea (Hook. & Grey.) Brid., S. percuspidata C. Mill., and S. rufopallens C. Muill.; and Cardotiella secunda (C. Miull.) Vitt. Lectotypes are selected for several of the southern African names.

Anomobryum polysetumShaw, a new species from Mexico

Anomobryum polysetum Shaw is described on the basis of a specimen collected in 1973 in Durango, Mexico by F. D. Bowers, C. Delgadillo, and P. Somers. This species is distinguished from its congenerics by a minute stature, polysetous inflorescences, and rudimentary peristome.

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA FROM THE NORTHERN RED SEA (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA: TOXOPNEUSTIDAE)

ABSTRACT Tripneustes gratilla elatensis n. ssp. from the northern Red Sea, is significantly different from the Indo-Pacific T.g. gratilla. It is more compressed, and has a larger peristome aperture, fewer interambulacral plates, lesser spine tuberculation, and more vivid colors than its Indo-Pacific conspecific. The typical habitats of T.g. elatensis are mainly rocky shores and coral reefs. Specimens of T.g. elatensis and the Indo-Pacific T.g. gratilla occur together in the southern Red Sea.

Theperistome ofIschyrodon lepturus(Tayl.) Schelpe

Examination of the peristome of lschyrodon lepturus (Tayl.) Sehelpe, found in fruit for the first time, shows it to be congeneric with I. seriolus C. Müll. and the genus to belong to Fabroniaceae rather than Myriniaceae.

The cytoplasmic differentiation of jumelle Stylonychia.

Jumelle Stylonychia with oppositely oriented peristomes, which we obtained by artificial operations, carried on not only asexual reproduction and generation, but sexual reproduction and encystment as well, and seemingly tended to form a new species [7-10]. Our recent experimental analysis revealed that the sinister grew more and more dependent on its dextral sister organism, losing the ability of independent existence. Once cut off from the dexter, the organelles of the sinister ceased to regenerate, and the sinister died. But, if, when cutting, a portion is left connected to the dexter, the sinister will then be able to regenerate, and all its organelles become completely revealed. This indicates that dependence on the dexter weakened the metabolic functions of the sinister, primarily influencing the cytoplasm, which is manifested by the formation and development of its organelles. This, in effect, is a phenomenon of cytoplasmic differentiation induced by co-existence of the jumeaux.

Studies on the Development of the Peristome in <i>Musci</i> I.

Studies on the Development of the Peristome in <i>Musci</i> I.

Description of New Terrestrial Gastropoda

Shell depressed, somewhat convex above and concave beneath, thin, fragile, shining, light horn-color, moderately umbilicated, and with fine, almost imperceptible striae. Whorle 5 1/3, somewhat flattened above and rounded below; body-whorl rounded. Sutures well marked and slightly impressed. Radial striae very faint and crowded together above and below; spiral striae much fainter, but more perceptible on the last two whorls. Aperture rounded lunate; peristome simple, acute, its columellar margin inserted into the center of the base and towards its columellar margin, not reflected over the umbilicus.

III.—Notes on Yunnan Cystidea. III. Sinocystis compared with similar Genera

It is these which afford the justification for any comparison between Sinocystis and Megacystis. Those of Sinocystis are, it will be remembered (antea, December, 1918, p. 534), a transversely elongale peristome, a hydropore-slit approximately parallel to the peristome, a gonopore to the left of the anal plane, and a hexagonal or pentagonal periproct. These openings, though differing in details, are in number and position essentially similar to those of Aristocystis. Hitherto there has been much uncertainty as to the positions, and even the presence, of the hydropore and gonopore in Megacystis. It will here be shown that both are present, and that all four openings have much the same relations as in Aristocystis and Sinocyatis, especially the latter.