Periphery Of Stem Research Articles

A study of the largest Banyan tree of Rajasthan State at village Madri, tehsil Jhadol, post Nai, district Udaipur, Rajasthan

The largest Banyan tree of Rajasthan state is present in Madri village of Udaipur district. As many as 12 broken branches of this tree are lying on the ground in live condition which are growing outwards. This tree is devoid of prop roots. The crown spread of the tree is about 117 m in North-South direction and about 111 m in East-West direction. The periphery of stem is about 21.0 m at Breast Height (BH). This tree is very important from eco-tourism point of view. By massive advertisement and proper arrangements, tourists can be attracted towards this tree. This act would help to increase income of the Panchayat and would help to generate employment for local people. Being a heritage tree, it deserves conservation also.

Multivariate Analysis of Factors Affecting BrainStem Integral Dose in Stereotactic-Treated Patients

The dose contributed to the brainstem (B.S.) in stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) is an essential part of treatment plan evaluation. Yet, there is a lack of a stratifying schema for the lesions near the brain stem, based on doses and volume irradiated. We investigated the possible determining factors affecting brain stem integral dose (BSID). Materials and Methods: Treatment plans of 141 patients treated by SRS or SRT were reviewed Selection for this analysis was based upon lesions within 4 cm radius from the center of brain stem in all directions. Thirty-two patients were eligible. Out of 32 patients, 2 were treated with SRS and 6 with SRT. Lesions were stratified into five groups according to P-P distance (periphery of lesion to periphery of brain stem): group I (−1.5–0 cm) constituted lesions overlapping or interfacing brain stem; group II (0.1–0.9 cm); group III (1–1.9 cm); group IV (2–2.9 cm); group V (3–4cm). Conformity index (PITV) volume of brain stem receiving the mean dose and BSID were calculated. Univariate and multi-variate analyses were performed to correlate BSID with its determinants, namely PITV, P-P distance, C-P distance (center of lesion to periphery of brain stem), and mean collimator size. Results: The highest mean BSID was observed in group I and the least in group V; 1 patient in group I with BSID of 16.8 Gy/cc developed brain stem injury. In univariate analysis, all the determinant factors for BSID (P-P distance, C-P distance, collimator size, and PITV) were shown to impact its value, but on multivariate analysis only P-P distance was the significant factor (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Utilization of the P-P distance as a stratification method for lesions within 4 cm radius from the center of the brain stem is valuable in determining the brain stem integral dose. This schema may suggest that lesions in group I with P-P distance (−1.5–0.0 cm) are better treated with fractionated SRT rather than single-fraction SRS. In addition, plans requiring collimator size 730 mm with PITV > 1.5 should also be considered for fractionated regimens.