Peripheral Territory Research Articles

Are “Bear Corners” Homogeneous: Differentiation of Regions Along the Vologda–Kostroma Border

The article considers a strip of municipal districts on the border of Kostroma and Vologda oblasts–a territory that simultaneously belongs to the periphery of both regions, the periphery of economic regions and modern federal districts, and the inner periphery of European Russia. The territories under consideration are part of the old-developed non-Chernozem zone, which is characterized by rapid depopulation and shrinkage of the developed space. The purpose of the study is to identify the spatial differentiation of areas along the border and its role in the formation of differences between the territories. Various methods were used: the study of historical maps, the analysis of modern statistics, methods of qualitative sociology, and field observations. The study showed the predominantly barrier function of the regional border, largely due to physical and geographical reasons–the watershed of the Volga and White Sea basins and the configuration of rivers along which local systems historically formed rural settlement pattern and transport corridors. The historical multidirectional spatial gravity of regions on different sides of the border, combined with institutional barriers, led to the differentiation of economic and social processes in municipal regions. Thus, the socioeconomic indicators of the regions on the Vologda side of the border are generally more prosperous and differ less from each other than on the Kostroma side. The study also revealed an extremely important role that interregional routes could play. With a general trend towards a reduction in the rural population and fragmentation of the local economy, the territories on both sides of the border are heterogeneous, and various combinations of place functions are formed. At the same time, it is premature to attribute a strip of peripheral territory in relation to many centers to the zone of a spontaneously formed natural reserve.

Production of a Tourist Space and Territorial Governance Regime in French Guiana (Guyane Française)—The Challenges of Touristification in the Peripheral Territory of Haut-Maroni

This article focuses on the processes of territorialization of the local population’s living space, created by the governance regime in French Guiana, and their effects on the production of a tourist space in the context of sparsely populated regions. The Guiana Amazonian Park is analyzed as a territorialization agent with mechanisms that influence the development of tourism in the Maripasoula/Haut-Maroni zone. Our objective is to use the territorial framework to better understand the political and geographical dynamics that exist between the processes of the global production of tourist areas and those related to the local population’s management of the living space. Using Critical political geography framework, this study is based on documentary research and on 15 semi-directed interviews, conducted during a month-long stay in 2019, with different groups of stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in tourist activities. The paper first outlines the regional and local context of tourism in French Guiana. It also offers a territorial description of the different inclusion criteria for Sparsely Populated Regions in the Maripasoula/Haut-Maroni region, which is linked to the specific tourist practices in this territory. The processes of territorialization are then analyzed through the different governance regimes the French state created in order to understand how they fit into the production of a tourist space. Finally, a reflection on the future of tourism in this region is proposed, particularly regarding colonial governance regimes vis-à-vis Indigenous populations in the region. Our analysis demonstrates that tourism, along with any other form of activity to be developed in Maripasoula/Haut-Maroni territory, will be systematically confronted with the same structural constraints that have helped to reproduce the dynamics of territorial dispossession since the establishment of a colonial regime in the region.

Social and digital vulnerabilities: The role of participatory processes in the reconfiguration of urban and digital space

In the Italian context, political and social participation in the urban dimension has experienced innovations to broaden the inclusion of citizens in public choices relating to citylife and to urban renovation. Participation found in the city a relevant space to experiment with innovation in the relationship between institutions and citizens, many initiatives advanced and developed over the years have had a powerful lever in technology: participatory budgets, consultations, public-private-non-profit partnerships. In other cases, specifically in peripheral realities, urban innovation has turned out to be detached from digital infrastructures and has benefited, rather, from the social infrastructures in the area. Civic committees, community foundations, collaboration agreements between citizens and authorities, and local community development experiences developed in peripheral contexts. Regenerating urban spaces is a political objective proposed with increasing emphasis by institutional bodies at the various levels of governance. Environmental, economic, social and urban planning intersect and overlap and often projects related to urban planning “on paper” prevail over issues related to urban communities “on territories”. Without adequate processes of participation and subjectivity of citizens living in urban contexts, no model of “urban renaissance” appears fully deployed, resulting in participatory processes that—at best—only allow for access logics in a neoliberal perspective. Through a qualitative methodology, the paper aims at presenting and investigating six case studies in major Italian cities (Rome, Naples, Milan, Turin, Florence, Reggio Calabria), in which democratic innovation and experimentation in civic engagement spread from the digital capital of citizens and the social organizations of the peripheral territory, with its specificities and its problems. In particular, the objective of the paper is to discuss and problematise the processes of participation involving and featuring vulnerable people within the reconfiguration of urban and digital spaces. Following Sutton and Kemp's approach, we consider the relationship between urban spaces and marginal communities as central to a one-to-one relationship, fostering processes of urban inclusion. Combining participatory processes in liminal marginalized communities with an institutional push toward holistic urban regeneration may develop opportunities for active citizenship, overcoming the neoliberal paradigm of the city.

Technology transfer from the University to a Cooperative of Craft Producers in Amblayo (Argentina). Approaches to a case study

This paper presents an experience of a technology transfer process from a public university to a cooperative in a peripheral territory in the province of Salta (Argentina), which owns a medium-scale factory for the industrial production of dairy goat milk cheese. For a long time, its inhabitants have been recognized for their great quality in the artisanal elaboration of cheeses. The objective of this work was to support the transfer of theoretical and practical knowledge and technologies that contribute to the adaptation and use of the new technology implemented in the new plant in the area, which contrasts with previous artisan practices. The technology transfer to cooperatives with ancestral knowledge represents a great challenge and a field of study with little history. The methodology and process of the transmission experience are detailed, as well as a series of recommendations to be considered in promoting the growth of enterprises in territories with a relatively low level of socio-economic development.

Countless Blessings: A History of Childbirth and Reproduction in the Sahel

Countless Blessings: A History of Childbirth and Reproduction in the Sahel

Ukrainian literature in the English-speaking environment

The article highlights literary models of perception of Ukrainian national literature by the English-speaking cultural community in general and literature as its phenomenon in particular. The principle of interaction between both literatures is subject to the concept of receptive communication. The contacts of English literary material and Ukrainian one with respect to each other are characterized by asymmetry, but there is also a mutual oncoming movement. A look at Ukrainian literature in the British Empire is marked by such concepts as exoticism, stereotypes, peripheral territory, national characteristics, post-colonial world, globalization, interpretation. A full-fledged parity dialogue between the two literatures, which develop on the Slavic and Anglo-Saxon traditions, respectively, has not yet taken place at the moment, but has the potential for successful development and presence in the European cultural landscape in the medium and long term. The article emphasizes that Anglophones read, perceive and comprehend Ukrainian literature differently compared to Ukrainian readers. Thus, one of the long-term goals facing Ukrainian writers, cultural critics and literary critics is the development of aesthetic and semantic intentions, as well as the consistent and meaningful transmission of the ideas of national and state building.

P375 RECURRENT CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC ATTACKS IN PATIENT ON DIRECT ACTING ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Abstract We present the case of an 81 year old man suffering from hypertensive heart disease with dilated evolution, dyslipidemia and previous TIAs; on one occasion documentation of cardioembolic origin of the event: AF paroxysm. CHA2DS2–VASc Score = 6. In therapy with DOAC: Dabigatran 110 mg x 2. Placed in therapy with Mysoline for inconstant tremors of the limbs and doubt of absences. Three days after the start of this therapy, the patient was hospitalized for dysarthria (2 h); NIHSS: 0 and ABCD2 score: 4; Brain CT: not acute lesions; centralization to Hub stroke not indicated and DOAC dosage not performed in the PS; at the verification of the DOAC concentration at the peak, during the infra–hospital intake, values of 123 ng / ml; no changes in blood pressure at onset, unchanged CHA2DS2 Vasc Score and HAS–BLED, unchanged blood tests, verified correct intake (CP count), kept the original packaging of the drug, there were no changes in body weight and there was no associated GE pathology; however, primidone was found to be a drug able to decreasing the plasma levels of Dabigatran as an inducer of P–gp glycoprotein. Tp confirmed with Dabigatran and Mysoline replaced with Clonazepam. Subsequent new hospitalization for dysarthria (2 h); centralized in Hub stroke; NIHSS: 1 (slight deviation of the buccal rim–outcome); pressure rise upon access to the PS; peak DOAC concentration 53 ng / ml; CT angiography of the neck and intracranial vessels with evidence of significant underlying vascular lesion load already in itself a contraindication to reperfusion tp which has been excluded; no brain CT lesions; hypothesized in the acute phase switch to another DOAC that has been performed; switch to Apixaban 5 mg 1 tablet x 2 and potentiation of antihypertensive treatment. NMR program of brain in sedation for claustrophobia. Subsequent new hospitalization for septic state and profound drowsiness; severe alteration of blood tests; subacute ischemic hypodensity in the peripheral territory of the left posterior brain; exitus of the patient. Many patients with AF remain at high residual risk of stroke despite an apparent appropriate dosage of oral anticoagulant drugs. However, a multidisciplinary and integrated investigation strategy of all known risk factors does not always give an effective answer, as in the case presented, and there is a lack of information in the literature regarding management options in such circumstances.

Chinese Investments in Russia as a Factor of Cross-Border Russian-Chinese Cooperation

The article deals with the problem of attracting Chinese investment in the territory of Pacific Russia; Pacific Russia is considered as the regions of the Far East and Transbaikalia, focused on the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The issues of attracting Chinese investors are considered in the context of the significance and role of Pacific Russia, which, in turn, is characterized as a peripheral territory adjacent to the peripheral territories of the North-East of the PRC. Expert opinions on ways to effectively develop Pacific Russia in the context of the problem of Russia's eurocentricity and quasi-colonial approach to the Far Eastern territories are analyzed in detail. The article examines the role and prospects of Chinese investment as a factor in cross-border Russian-Chinese cooperation, problems and prospects in attracting Chinese capital to the Russian Far Eastern territories, and the attractiveness of the proposed preferences and benefits for Chinese investors.

A Race to the Frontier: Invoking Peripheral Territories - Case of Sabah as a Regional Player

This article explores how Sabah could utilise its geopolitical advantages and its challenges in doing so. Through a constructivist lens, this paper attempts to unravel Sabah’s historical and social realities, whereby this will be complemented with a Foucauldian discourse analysis to deconstruct Sabah’s dynamic relationship with its colonial British masters and subsequently with the federal government of Malaysia. This is placed in the backdrop of Sabah’s many counterparts in the region as a “peripheral territory”, which had similar pre- and post-colonial era experiences which resulted in the imposition of significant challenges from the lack of right to self-determination to form an identity, lack of formal governing system structure, and in the present day, the lack of autonomy that Sabah has been so long fighting for.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF LENINGRAD IN THE 1920S-1930S

The study of the urban planning features of the development of Leningrad in the pre-war decade can serve to determine the preservation of the visual identity of urban planning ensembles of the historical and cultural heritage of the fi rst half of the 20th century. General plans 1935-1937 gave direction to design activities and large-scale construction in Leningrad for two decades. The basis of a systematic approach to the formation of the structure of the new development of Leningrad was the creation of a complex of urban planning ensembles that united the peripheral districts and focused on the traditions of Petersburg architecture. Are detected the architectural, compositional and spatial features of the organization of residential areas on the peripheral territory of Leningrad are being studied. The boundaries of the protection of ensembles and complexes of the 1920- 1930s, aimed at preserving the volumetric-spatial structure, as well as visual connections of the dominants and accents of the period under consideration, have been determined. The architectural principles of the formation and means of organizing the ensembles of the 1920s-1930s are revealed, the boundaries of the protection territories of objects are determined in the context of visual relationships.

(In)Segurança no campo da extensão universitária:micropolíticas das afetações com crianças na periferia / (In)Security in the field of university extension:micropolitics of affectations with children in the periphery

This text aims to guide an analytical debate from the affections experienced by a researcher teacher when accessing a peripheral territory in the city of Fortaleza-CE, as well as presenting the reasons that led her to undertake the crossing to the other side of this divided city and the repercussions of this on the actions of an Extension project. The relevance of this writing is to promote a critical reflection on the binomial security / insecurity that crosses us in the context of university extension. What is the reality limit of (in)security? What paralyzing and mobilizing affects can we access in this academic activity’s territories? In order to dialogue with these questions, we chose to cut scenes of this insertion in the periphery, presenting some micropolitics resulting from the affectations produced by the participation of the subjects involved in this project, through analyzes of the relationship between the participating children and the academic team; the relationship of these children with their neighborhood and the city (beyond the “walls” of the periphery).

Representation on the Periphery: The Past and Future of Nonvoting Members of Congress

Nonvoting representatives, representing American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and Washington, DC, inhabit a peripheral space within the US Congress. House rules bar them from voting on the floor, their authority derives not from the Constitution but from statute, and the office they hold can be revoked at the whims of Congress. Drawing on original archival research, this article sketches out three justifications given for this institution: that nonvoting members would increase information flows to the legislature, that they would incorporate peripheral territory prior to statehood, and that they would empower members to use tools besides voting to exercise political power. It then evaluates the normative status of nonvoting representation in democratic theory, arguing that representation without voting is incongruent with notions of consent and equal power required for democratic self-rule.

Life in the Dunes

ABSTRACT This article discusses a section of the Israeli coastal plain known as Yavneh Sands between 1800 and 1948. This sand-dune strip, which legally belonged to the large village of Yubna/Yavneh and to the waqf of the major pilgrimage site of Nabi Rubin, was a peripheral territory, both economically and socially. The area was de facto controlled by wandering and sedentary Bedouin groups, who were accompanied by (seasonal?) peasant villagers, fishermen, and—in late summertime—numerous pilgrims from various coastal towns and villages who made their way to and from Nabi Rubin. These people usually left behind quantitatively and qualitatively modest material traces, which reinforce the assumption that the various Late Ottoman and Mandatory sites documented in the Yavneh Sands area were not permanent settlements but rather seasonal farmsteads and mainly temporary and even one-time campsites.

Editorial

Editorial Margherita Zanasi This May 2021 issue presents five research articles and five book reviews. The first two articles, by Jenny Huangfu Day and Helena F. S. Lopes, present two different views of the history of education during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Day reveals the increasingly nationalist and propagandist nature of education in the wartime base of the Nationalist government, while Lopes emphasizes the emerging cosmopolitanism of the refugee enclave of Macao, “a peripheral territory at the crossroads of several empires.” According to Day, the Second Sino-Japanese War offered the Nationalist Government an opportunity to realize its aims of unifying educational materials and turning textbooks into tools for political mobilization. The new textbooks were designed to inspire anti-Japanese and anti-Communist sentiments, engendering the kind of patriotic citizenry the government believed was essential to sustaining its war effort. The war, therefore, put an end to the earlier lively debates on educational materials and the more liberal trends they represented while also deeply transforming the textbook industry. Lopes’s article focuses on the activities of the Chinese students and educators who fled to Macao to escape the Japanese occupation. This mass migration contributed to the development of a cosmopolitan educational landscape because the schools that relocated to Macao relied for funding and operations on complex transnational networks. Students and educators also became the targets of competing mobilization attempts. While the Nationalist government hoped to gain their support for its war effort, Macao’s authorities viewed them as precious social and human capital to be tapped for the development of the colony. Juliane Noth’s and Qiliang He’s articles focus on Maoist China’s explorations of, respectively, gendered revolutionary propaganda and competing spatial practices. On the basis of an examination of images of young female activists and workers, Noth argues that these “idealized images” were part of Maoist propaganda intended to establish a militant interpretation of femininity. The militant aesthetic of the images ultimately legitimized violent class struggle during the Cultural Revolution. He’s article focuses on a park in Hangzhou that was designed and restructured by the Communist government with the intent to create a politicized space both for showcasing the new Socialist China and for the performance of participatory propaganda. This original intention, however, was ultimately derailed as different actors made use of the park in their own ways in pursuit of diverse agendas. In the fifth research article, Spencer Stewart discusses the important role played by scientists and extension workers in improving the quality of cotton grown in China during the Republican period. Influenced by international models of agricultural extension, these [End Page 103] scientists promoted community production to manage how newly imported standardized American cotton was cultivated, processed, and sold. These crop communities reorganized economic and social networks in the villages, creating new links among farmers, scientists, bankers, and industrialists. The five book reviews are available online through Project MUSE. Jie Li comments on Andrew F. Jones’s book, which places 1960s Chinese popular music in the global context of the Cold War. Norbert Francis reviews Fu-Lai Tony Yu and Diana Kwan’s work on pro-democracy social movements in Taiwan, Tibet, and Hong Kong, and Hannah Theaker discusses Benno Weiner’s study of Tibet during the first decade of the People’s Republic of China. Finally, Juanjuan Peng reviews Robert Cliver’s book on the workers of the silk industry in the 1950s and Taomo Zhou comments on Covell Meyskens’s work on the Third Front industrialization campaign. Juliane Noth is the author featured for this issue in our interview series, available at http://hstcconline.org/interviews-with-authors/. [End Page 104] Copyright © 2021 Twentieth Century China Journal, Inc

Wartime Education at the Crossroads of Empires: The Relocation of Schools to Macao During the Second World War, 1937–1945

This article examines the relocation of schools from mainland China and Hong Kong to the neutral enclave of Macao during the Second World War in East Asia. It argues that the war brought to the Portuguese-administered territory a new cosmopolitanism that was especially noticeable in the enhancement of educational opportunities. Moving to Macao allowed for the resumption of educational activities interrupted elsewhere and for the linkage of teaching and learning with relief and resistance. The tens of thousands of student-refugees who ended up in Macao featured in different imperial and nationalist initiatives that coexisted in peculiar ways. On the basis of multilingual archival materials, newspapers, and memoirs, this study explores ambivalent experiences of refuge and exchange during the Second World War through the case study of the transfer of dozens of schools to a peripheral territory at the crossroads of several empires.

O CORPO QUE FALA

A relação entre práticas narrativas e agência/resistência é o foco central deste artigo, que se fundamenta sobre as bases teórico-epistemológicas da Análise da Narrativa em paralelo à Análise Crítica do Discurso. Lançamos nosso olhar sobre narrativas orais de experiências vicárias em um contexto muito particular: uma mesa de almoço entre colegas de trabalho que atuam como advogados em território periférico, com o objetivo de observar o lugar do corpo em práticas linguísticas cotidianas nas quais micropolíticas de resistência são estabelecidas. Para tanto, sustentamo-nos nas concepções performativa de narrativa e identidade (AUSTIN, [1962] 1990; BAUMAN, 1986; MISHLER, 2002; RIESSMAN, 2008; BASTOS, 2008; BUTLER, [1990] 2015), bem como nos estudos sobre as relações entre narrativas, corpo e identidade (PINTO, 2007). Pretendemos, assim, demonstrar que os estudos linguísticos que lidam com a articulação entre narrativas, corpo e identidade devem levar em conta a relação inevitável entre corpos e contextos, ocupando-se de suas inscrições situadas em um aqui e agora e de suas emergências em práticas interacionais cotidianas, evidenciando marcas de gênero e de classe.

Platform Colonialism: The Lower Circuit at the Center of Capitalist Accumulation

The study seeks to analyze how the self-employed are inserted in the context of financialization and how this insertion enables financial capital accumulation. We initially adopted the concept of neoliberal rationality of Dardot and Laval as our main theoretical lens. However, our immersion in the research field showed us the value of integrating Latin American authors. Through the story of a self- employed couple in the confection industry, and applying hermeneutic analysis, our results make two main contributions. First, we build a new concept – that we call platform colonialism – that unveils the mechanisms by which the work of micro-entrepreneurs constitutes a source of accumulation for financial capital. Although this concept emerged from a Latin America context, their transferability to other ‘colonized’ contexts is plausible and open to future investigation. Second, we argue that when trying to understand a social phenomenon taking place in a peripheral territory, it is worth to also mobilize local theories, instead of mechanically just borrowing Western-based ones, therefore nourishing the increasing movement of ‘decolonizing’ our minds. Additionally, our study illustrates the use of critical hermeneutics, showing its potential to increase our ability to deepen understand the interplay of different trajectories, from life stories to historical accounts.

RE-ACTIVATE THE INTERNAL AREAS: CLASSIFICATION, RESTORATION, PARTICIPATION PLANNING AND GUIDELINES AS TOOLS FOR THE REGENERATION OF THE VERNACULAR HERITAGE

Abstract. The report aims to present the experience of a project called “Resilient Valleys”, which covers the area of the high valleys Trompia and Sabbia, near Brescia, Italy. This is a peripheral territory, which is suffering depopulation and losing the ability to attract people and resources, both economic and environmental. With this project, we have tried to overcome the crisis linked to the impoverishment and fragmentation of the social fabric, by activating virtuous processes of development and participation. The “Resilient Valleys” project, carried out as part of the Cariplo Foundation’s “AttivAree” programme, aimed to give new life to the territories by enhancing their cultural, historical and environmental potential. One of the paths had the purpose to produce a change in the way we approach restoration, enhancement and conservation of the building heritage, of which this area is rich. This activity has been carried out through successive phases: first, mapping of architectural resources considered as identity heritage; second, new courses for people actively involved in the building field; third, printing “Guidelines for intervention" for vernacular buildings. A further activity concerned the reactivation of a rural complex in the territory of Rebecco (Italy). The project consisted in the architectural restoration of three abandoned and partially collapsed buildings. While testing the indications of the Guidelines mentioned above, the rural complex has also been revised from an agricultural-ecological-cultural point of view. The project is characterized by a strong cross over between identity culture and social cohesion of the territory.

Estratégias e processos participativos para o desenvolvimento local e regional na Baixada de Sepetiba, RJ

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de ferramenta de cartografia social, a partir do olhar plural e participativo, para identificação e análise de fragilidades e potencialidades de território periférico na Baixada de Sepetiba, RJ, investigado a partir das transformações ocasionadas pelo crescimento econômico e pelos projetos de investimentos globais. Com base em conceitos de zonas opacas e luminosas, metropolização e desenvolvimento sustentável, a metodologia multitemática e transescalar analisa aspectos socioespaciais, integrando atores sociais e institucionais em uma reflexão conjunta e interativa e na produção de cenários prospectivos de desenvolvimento local. Valida-se a estratégia metodológica participativa para elaboração de diretrizes de planejamento do território ameaçado pela expansão metropolitana.

Социологический подход к оценке качества жизни населения городских агломераций

Taking into account the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation up to the year 2025, the paper grounds the importance of the use of sociological approach to get the integral estimation of people’s quality of life in city agglomerations. A brief review of researches devoted to different parameters of the state of city agglomerations is presented. There given the algorithm of research of city agglomerations which includes six stages: revealing of spontaneous processes within the core-city and peripheral territory, the study of social practices used to meet the daily needs of residents of the territory, the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators based on the results of sociological surveys and interviews, as well as the consideration of the results of sociological studies for the development of legal acts, the formation of a development strategy for the city agglomerations and its practical implementation.