Peripheral Route Research Articles

What You Perceive Is What You Get: Enhancing Rumor-Combating Effectiveness on Social Media Based on Elaboration Likelihood Model

Rumors spread on social media overshadow the truth and trigger public panic. One effective countermeasure to address this issue is online rumor-combating. However, its effectiveness on social media has not been fully verified. In this study, drawing on construal level theory, we use temporal distance—the time interval between a rumor-combating post being released and receiving responses from social media users—to measure the effectiveness of rumor-combating. We also adopt elaboration likelihood model to explore the factors that could enhance this effectiveness. The empirical results show that perceptible (central route) factors, including the author’s authoritative combating methods, media richness, and positive emotions, are negatively related to temporal distance and are more effective for enhancing rumor-combating effectiveness than imperceptible (peripheral route) factors, such as the author’s influence and activeness. In addition, media richness exerts positive moderating effects on the relationship between perceptible route factors and rumor-combating effectiveness, implying that with the help of images or videos, rumor-combating effectiveness improves. This study addresses the need to enhance the effectiveness of rumor-combating and has practical implications for combating rumors in the social media.

Persuasive Effects of Crisis Communication during Public Health Emergency Outbreaks in China.

Major global public health emergencies face unprecedented challenges, such as an infodemic and scientific disputes, and governments especially need to implement fast and effective crisis communication. Firstly, this paper takes the Elaboration Likelihood Model as a framework and constructs a crisis communication persuasion effect evaluation method with emotion analysis. Secondly, this paper takes the crisis communication at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in China as an example and examines the persuasive effects of the peripheral route, represented by medical experts, and the central route, represented by mainstream media. This study finds that the peripheral route of persuasive communication can quickly establish communication trust and quickly change the public's peripheral attitude, but the persuasive effect is unstable. The central route of persuasive communication demonstrates a significantly positive, stable, and anti-interference persuasive effect. Dual-subject persuasion is an important strategy for controlling an outbreak by rapidly establishing communication trust, combating an infodemic, boosting public confidence, and popularizing medical knowledge. This study evaluates the persuasive effects of crisis communication in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, hoping to provide valuable practical references for crisis communication during the outbreak in future global public health emergencies.

Morning Engagement of Hepatic Insulin Receptors Improves Afternoon Hepatic Glucose Disposal and Storage.

Morning insulin delivery primes the liver for increased hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) later in the day, but the mechanism (direct hepatic and/or indirect insulin action) remains unclear.This study compared insulin infusion via physiologic (hepatic portal vein) and clinical (peripheral) routes to assess their impact on afternoon hepatic glucose disposal.Morning peripheral insulin delivery failed to induce a significant enhancing effect on afternoon HGU and glycogen storage, unlike morning hepatic portal vein insulin delivery, which did.These findings highlight the importance of achieving appropriate hepatic insulin exposure in the morning to effectively prime the liver for efficient glucose disposal.

Model Komunikasi Persuasif Pada Pengikut Akun Instagram @infogarut Dalam Pemberitaan Citizen Journalism

Social media as an interactive platform for citizen journalism is increasingly important in the growing internet era. The focus of the research is the Instagram account @infogarut, as a citizen journalism platform in Garut. The purpose of this research is to find out how persuasive communication on @infogarut account followers related to citizen journalism news in the central route and peripheral route. This research method uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. The theory used is persuasive communication theory with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) model. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation of literature study and documentation. The results showed that the central route creates respondents who are involved and check facts and analyze information in depth before forming an opinion or taking action. The peripheral route in turn creates respondents who are more passive readers and only receive information without detailed analysis. The @infogarut account is known for providing the latest facts and information about Garut. This study provides insight into how citizen journalism on social media, especially Instagram, can influence the way people interact and react to information.

Persuasi Rute Periferal Exo Sebagai Brand Ambassador Scarlett Whitening Terhadap Impulsive Buying

The popularity of K-Wave amongst Indonesian creates a competition for brands, resulting them competing to use Korean artists as brand ambassadors. This practice is widely adopted in business, particularly in the beauty industry, which is rapidly growing in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effect of EXO's peripheral route persuasion as the brand ambassador of Scarlett Whitening on impulsive buying behavior. The study uses a quantitative approach to provide detailed statistical analysis on the influence of brand ambassadors on consumer impulsive buying. Data collected through an online questionnaire, distributed to 385 respondents who met the requirements of sample criteria. The results of the study indicate a significant positive influence of peripheral route persuasion on impulsive buying behavior. This means that the presence of EXO as a brand ambassador is effective in delivering marketing messages through the peripheral route, which includes elements such as likability and attractiveness, driving consumers to make impulsive purchases.

Pengaruh Komunikasi Persuasif Influencer Fadil Jaidi terhadap Minat Beli Produk Scarlett Whitening

The use of influencers has become widespread among companies or business entities to promote their products and services. Influencers are required to convey persuasive messages through endorsement content to increase purchase intention among the public. This research aims to measure the extent of the influence of Fadil Jaidi's persuasive communication on the purchasing intention in Scarlett Whitening products among Instagram followers @fadiljaidi. This research uses the Elaboration Likelihood Theory to determine which route followers @fadiljaidi take in processing the persuasive messages. Researchers use a quantitative approach with correlation research type and positivism paradigm. The data is collected through online questionnaires distributed to 400 respondents Instagram followers @fadiljaidi. Data analysis techniques include t-test hypothesis, simple linear regression test, and coefficient of determination test. The results show that Fadil Jaidi as a male non-beauty influencer has succeeded in carrying out persuasive communication of the Scarlett Whitening product as a beauty product to his followers on Instagram @fadiljaidi. Influencer Fadil Jaidi's persuasive communication has a high influence on purchase intention Scarlett Whitening products, as evidenced by respondents being more influenced through the central route than the peripheral route when processing the persuasive message conveyed by Fadil Jaidi.

Impact of sustainability education on senior student attitudes and behaviors: evidence from India

Purpose This study aims to ascertain the impact education for sustainable development (ESD) on knowledge, attitude and behavior among senior (last year undergraduate) Indian students. Design/methodology/approach This study is a cross-sectional causal investigation with descriptive design using survey method. It uses the knowledge, attitude and behaviors toward the sustainable development scales of the International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD) for data collection and partial least-square structural equation modelling for empirically testing the proposed research model. Findings The study results establish the importance of sustainability education on knowledge, attitude and behavior. The impact of knowledge on behavior is direct and partially mediated through the attitudinal pathway – indicating central and peripheral routes sustainability related information processing and attitude formation. The results also indicate poor knowledge of the impact of socio-cultural issues on sustainability. Research limitations/implications The study results will help assess the impact current ESD initiatives in India and redesign the ESD curriculum in line with ESD for 2030 initiatives to facilitate the achievement of UN’s sustainable development goals by 2030. This study is limited to senior students and offers scope for extension to other groups. Social implications The study results can help redesign the sustainability curriculum at the school and undergraduate levels in the country in line with ESD for 2023 objectives. The results indicate an urgent need to include the impact of sociocultural issues on sustainability to sensitize Indian students towards the same. Originality/value This study contributes to the sustainability education literature by assessing the impact of sustainability curricula on sustainability knowledge, attitude and behavior among Indian senior students – hitherto uninvestigated. It also will help in the informed redesign/ improvement of ESD curriculum under the ESD for 2030 initiatives.

Unveiling the influence of persuasion strategies on cognitive engagement: an ERPs study on attentional search.

This study aimed to investigate how central versus peripheral persuasion methods, delivered through rational and emotional persuasion strategies, influence cognitive engagement and information processing during visual search tasks. Participants were allocated into four groups based on the media type (video vs. text) and the persuasion route (central vs. peripheral). The early and late stages of attentional processing were examined through the N1, P2, and P3 ERP components. The results demonstrated a pronounced N1 amplitude in response to text-based peripheral persuasion, indicating enhanced early attentional engagement. Additionally, parallel search tasks revealed a larger P3 amplitude for central versus peripheral routes, suggesting significant cognitive resource allocation during tasks requiring higher attention. These findings underscore the nuanced role of persuasive strategies in modulating attentional resources and cognitive processing. The study offers insights into designing more effective communication messages and highlights the potential for tailored persuasion approaches to influence audience engagement and information processing, with implications for public health campaigns and beyond.

People who have more science education rely less on misinformation—Even if they do not necessarily follow the health recommendations

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the role of science education in reducing beliefs in science‐related misinformation and stressed its potential positive impact on decision‐making and behavior. This study implemented the Elaboration Likelihood Model to explore how individuals' abilities and motivation interact with the type of processing of scientific information in the peripheral vs. central persuasion routes. A representative sample of adults (N = 500) completed an online questionnaire during the second wave of COVID‐19 (November 2020) focused on two COVID‐19‐related dilemmas involving social distancing recommendations. First, we examined whether relying on misinformation was associated with participants' stances and the complexity of their arguments and found that relying on misinformation was associated with the intention to reject social distancing recommendations and with the use of simple arguments. Second, we explored how motivation, operationalized as personal relevance, and abilities, operationalized as the highest level of science education, science knowledge, and strategies to identify misinformation, were associated with viewpoints and justifications. We found that personal relevance was associated with the intention to reject the recommendations but also with more complex arguments, suggesting that people did not intend to reject scientific knowledge but rather tended to contextualize it. Abilities were not associated with stance but were positively correlated with argument complexity. Finally, we examined whether motivation and abilities are associated with relying on scientific misinformation when making science‐related decisions. Respondents with higher levels of science education and motivation relied less on misinformation, even if they did not necessarily intend to follow the health recommendations. This implies that motivation directs people to greater usage of the central processing route, resulting in more deliberative use of information. Science education, it appears, impacts the information evaluation decision‐making process more than its outcome.

Enhancing the dissemination of Cantonese Opera among youth via Bilibili: a study on intangible cultural heritage transmission

Intangible cultural heritage is an invaluable treasure for all human beings worldwide. In 2009, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inscribed the Chinese Cantonese Opera, also known as Yueju in Chinese Pinyin, on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The awareness of inheriting Yueju is not uncommon, but advancing methods to involve more young generations in this art form is still necessary. In this study, we focused on Yueju videos on Bilibili, a cultural community and video website popular among the younger generation. Through quantitative and qualitative research, we explored the types of Yueju videos that would have a significant spreading effect. The 1916 Bilibili videos related to Yueju were collected using Python crawler technology. We analyzed each video using seventeen variables. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) forms the theoretical foundation of this research. We constructed the Yueju transmission model with two persuasive routes based on this model. The research methods mainly comprised regression analysis, multi-factor ANOVA, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We invited thirty-one experts to assess the importance hierarchy of those video factors and calculate the weight coefficient using AHP. This study demonstrated the central route concerning the causal relationship between video recognition and spreading effect through regression analysis. Additionally, this research identified the optimal combination of 8 video factors using multi-factor ANOVA in the peripheral route. In this study, we focused on the niche of Yueju video transmission on Bilibili. This research utilized the ELM and hybrid methods to obtain the statistical results. Then, we developed appropriate macro-level and micro-level strategies for transmitting Yueju culture, particularly those aimed at the younger generation.

How do online reviews moderate effects of country image on product image and purchase intention: cases of Korean and US products in Vietnam

PurposeThis paper examines the moderating effects of online reviews on the relationship between country image, product image, and purchase intention of products from two developed countries in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachThis current research used a cross-sectional design. Data was collected via questionnaires, and 305 responses were left after refining. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis methods.FindingsAffective country images do not directly affect purchase intention when online review quality and positivity are high. Cognitive country images still directly affect purchase intention when online review positiveness is low. However, online review quantity does not moderate the effects of country images on product images and purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsCognitive country image consistently affects purchase intention through the central route independent of online reviews. In contrast, the affective country image will likely affect purchase intention through the peripheral route when online reviews are insufficient for customers.Practical implicationsFirms can mitigate the adverse effects of country image, especially cognitive country image, in foreign markets by improving online review quality and positiveness.Originality/valueOur study extended existing literature by providing a better understanding of the nature of country image and the roles of country image dimensions in shaping product image and purchase intention in the context of the increasing popularity of online reviews.

Neurodevelopmental impairment associated with neonatal invasive group B Streptococcus disease: Are animal models on track in understanding the mechanisms at play?

Invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease is a prominent cause of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in neonates. While the clinical manifestation of iGBS disease in neonates may include pneumonia and meningitis, generalised sepsis without focus is the most frequent manifestation of iGBS disease in neonates. Though recent human based studies highlighted meningitis as an important manifestation in infants with NDI following iGBS disease, they also noted that ∼18% of neonates present with NDI following iGBS related sepsis. Thus, it is important to not only understand the long-term pathophysiological changes associated with NDI in iGBS meningitis survivors, but so too for iGBS sepsis survivors. Since the late 1970's animal models have been used to unravel the pathophysiology of neonatal iGBS disease. These studies have inoculated neonatal or pregnant animals with GBS via various peripheral or central routes. The greatest challenge with using animal models to study NDI associated with neonatal iGBS disease, is effectively mimicking the clinical presentations of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, while inducing relevant pathophysiological changes and ensuring animals survival, so as to test the neurodevelopment of the animals. This review aims to evaluate the validity of neonatal rodent models, specifically in studying NDI associated with neonatal iGBS disease and explore possible future avenues of research in addressing long-term NDI in the clinical setting.

Re-Examining the Impact of Social Media on Political Discourse: An Elaboration of Likelihood Model Analysis of Nigeria’s 2019 Presidential Election

Social media has become an important component of political discourse. In Nigeria, social media has played a critical role in shaping political opinions and voting behaviors, especially during the 2019 presidential election. This research re-examines the influence of social media on political discourse using the Elaboration Likelihood Model as a theoretical framework to scrutinize the level of message elaboration among voters on social media platforms and the factors that impact the central and peripheral routes of persuasion. The study explored the influence of social media on voter’s attitude, behavior and opinion during the election, with the ultimate aim of analyzing how different segments of society may react to persuasive messages. The findings of the study shed light on the level of social media usage during the election, the effect of voter’s attitude and behavior, the role of political propaganda, and the factors influencing social media’s effectiveness in shaping political discourse.

Efecto de normas de persuasión en el servicio personal shopper

Some key disadvantages of online computer sales stem from unmet consumer expectations, insufficient product knowledge, and product returns. This study examined cognitive route factors and persuasive norms in online advertisements to determine the purchase intention of personal shopper services for laptops. Covariates included gender, educational level, marital status, prior shopping experiences, monthly income, and workplace location. The results approach indicate that peripheral route advertising messages positively impact the purchase intention of personal shopper services, especially among women. Findings also demonstrate that monthly income and educational level influence the purchase intention of laptops when aided by a personal shopper. It was found that women prefer personal shoppers providing clear responses, while men prefer those with technical knowledge. Additionally, women prefer to pay for the personal shopper service as 3% of the purchase value, whereas men favoured a single payment. Finally, the purchase intention for the personal shopper service is higher among women. The potential effects of advertising messages on the purchase intentionof the service are discussed.

Hybrid Power Source Assisted by Renewable Energies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The article studies and analyzes a hybrid power source system, lithium battery, and fuel cell assisted by flexible photovoltaic panels for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The new configuration operates based on optimizing the performance of the dual power source to maximize the available energy and operating time. The operational mode simulates specific driving conditions in urban, peripheral, and intercity routes under variable driving patterns and traffic conditions. The simulation results show that the new configuration increases the hybrid electric vehicle performance, providing higher reliability despite the more complex design. The proposed system reduces the external power supply dependence and avoids unexpected sudden stops due to energy exhaustion. The new configuration also extends the vehicle driving range depending on driving mode and route conditions. The vehicle driving range extension may reach up to 276.3 km. The hybridization of fuel cells with lithium battery and PV panel assistance enhances battery management, reducing battery servicing and increasing lifespan. The proposed topology is cheaper than a single fuel cell power system by 17.2%, reducing the total cost related to the single battery power system if we consider the battery recharge for its entire lifespan. The cost saving is 2.6% for the American market and 14.8% for the European one.

Required volume for color flow injection test to confirm the intravascular placement of a peripheral venous catheter

Background: Confirmation of adequate peripheral intravenous catheter placement is essential before using venous catheters. The color flow injection test has been reported as a method with high sensitivity and specificity for this purpose. The technique involves administrating saline through the peripheral venous route to observe changes in the color flow pattern around the same vein at a more central location. However, the required volume of saline remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the appropriate dosage for conducting the test in pediatric patients and explore any potential correlations between dosage and patient characteristics. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in children under 6 years of age with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1–2 presenting for general anesthesia. After an intravenous cannula was placed in the forearm under general anesthesia, normal saline was injected at a speed of approximately 1 mL/s while the axillary artery and vein were observed with color flow Doppler imaging. The volume of normal saline required to induce a change in the color flow pattern around the vessels was measured. Measurements were performed twice and averaged for comparison with patient characteristics and other factors. Results: The study cohort included 30 patients aged from 0.3 to 5.5 (2.6 ± 1.6) years. The change in color flow Doppler imaging was noted in all the patients, and the average volume was 1.40 ± 0.36 mL (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27–1.54; p < 0.001), which was significantly correlated with age, with a correlation coefficient of 0.435 (95% CI, 0.09–0.69; p = 0.02). Conclusions: The required volume for the color flow injection test is small; therefore, the test is easy to perform and minimally invasive in pediatric patients.

Battery Management for Improved Performance in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This study aims to improve the battery performance in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) by reducing the vehicle speed. We developed a specific protocol for managing battery use and optimizing the energy consumption rate to achieve this goal. The protocol automatically controls the driving operation, avoiding incompatible driving patterns with an energy-saving mode and performance improvement. This protocol was applied to a simulation process to predict energy rate lowering and battery performance enhancement. The proposed protocol applies to any hybrid electric vehicle type and any route conditions since it uses vehicle mass, drag and rolling coefficients, and road slope as variable parameters to determine the minimum energy consumption rate. We performed experimental tests to validate the simulation data and the proposed protocol. Furthermore, the protocol applies to variable starting vehicle speeds, from 10 to 50 km/h, corresponding to the current driving patterns, sport, normal, and eco, set up by car manufacturers. A reduction of 10% in vehicle speed in urban and peripheral routes achieves a minimum energy rate, enhancing battery management. Current vehicle speed shows a deviation from optimum management of 18% while applying vehicle speed reduction limits the deviation to 0.2%. Experimental results show a good agreement with simulation data, with 94% accuracy. We tested the protocol for urban and peripheral routes with maximum vehicle speed limits of 60 and 90 km/h.

How individuals perceive and process diagnostic device errors

ABSTRACT Diagnostic device errors by health wearables cannot be avoided entirely, but they can have dramatic consequences for individuals, who are, consequently, deeply concerned and may refrain from using. However, it remains unclear how individuals assess and respond to potential diagnostic device errors when adopting health wearables. The present study unpacks this ‘black box’ using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to evaluate how potential diagnostic device errors translate into error perceptions, error processing, and behavioural reactions enacted through central and peripheral route cues. Based on a survey of 193 people with diabetes, we unveil that while peripheral cues are activated, most of the error processing is conducted consciously, strongly contributing to individuals’ attitude formation towards health wearables and their usage intention. These insights improve our theoretical understanding of user perceptions and responses to potentially erroneous health wearables. Furthermore, they guide suppliers in optimising their strategic product development and communication strategies.

Effect of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on halal purchase intentions in the UK: an elaboration likelihood model approach

PurposeThis study aims to examine the mediating role of product judgement in the relationship between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and purchase intention. Additionally, it explores the moderating effects of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement, with a specific focus on Halal products. We utilise the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to investigate how individuals navigate the processing of information, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes. This exploration aims to enhance our understanding of how the ELM framework influences product judgement and purchase intention in the context of eWOM, with a focus on Halal products.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, an online survey was conducted in the United Kingdom. The study employed a moderated-mediation model, analysed using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe findings highlight the significant role of source credibility in the central route of information processing and purchase judgements. This study confirms that Halal product judgement fully mediates the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention. Additionally, it reveals that higher source credibility amplifies the impact of eWOM on consumer judgement. However, no significant moderating effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement was observed in this context.Originality/valueThis study enhances our understanding of how Halal products are adopted in non-Muslim societies, shedding light on persuasive processes. Additionally, it refines the ELM in the context of cross-cultural consumer behaviour. The findings underscore the importance of prioritising source credibility in communication to shape information evaluation and persuasion.

Exploring the dual routes in influencing sales and adoption in augmented reality retailing: a mixed approach of SEM and FsQCA

Exploring the dual routes in influencing sales and adoption in augmented reality retailing: a mixed approach of SEM and FsQCA