Chemotaxis Of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Research Articles

Sputum neutrophil count after bronchial allergen challenge is related to peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis in asthma patients.

The aim of this study was to estimate relations between sputum neutrophilia and the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils after the bronchial allergen challenge in asthma patients. Fifteen patients with allergic asthma (AA), 13 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), all sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and 8 healthy subjects (HS) underwent bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus. Sputum and peripheral blood collection were performed 24h before, 7 and 24h after the bronchial challenge. Cell counts were determined by the May-Grünwald-Giemsa method. Neutrophil chemotaxis was analyzed by a flow cytometer; IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. Sputum neutrophil count and peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis of patients with AA were greater 7 and 24h after the challenge compared with the baseline values and patients with AR and HS (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the neutrophil count in sputum and IL-8 levels, and the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils 24h after the bronchial challenge only the patients with AA (P<0.05). Increased sputum neutrophil count was found to be associated with an enhanced chemotactic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils during allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation in patients with allergic asthma.

A study to assess and compare the peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis in smokers and non smokers with healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis

Background:Chronic periodontitis is the inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth resulting in attachment loss and bone loss. There are certain environmental factors such as smoking that can modify the host response to plaque organisms; hence can account for the aggressive progression of the disease. Smokers show a decreased expression of clinical inflammation even in the presence of abundant plaque accumulation. Neutrophils are the predominant host defense cells which protect the periodontal tissues from plaque organisms, deficiencies of neutrophil function, such as chemotaxis and phagocytosis, often result in increased susceptibility to periodontitis. Smoking can induce alteration in the neutrophil function; therefore, it is of importance to know the changes caused by smoking on neutrophil chemotaxis. This study will provide an essential basis for evaluating the role of nicotine in pathogenesis of periodontal disease by assessing the neutrophil activity.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 smokers and 60 non smokers were examined for this study. Both the groups included 20 subjects with gingivitis, periodontitis, and healthy periodontium. The periodontal status of the study subjects were assessed by gingival index, Russels periodontal index, sulcus bleeding index, and clinical attachment level. The blood sample was taken from each individual for the chemotactic analysis using agarose method.Results:In this study, there was a significant decrease in the neutrophil chemotaxis in smokers with gingivitis, periodontitis, and healthy periodontium, compared to non smokers with similar findings.Conclusion:Delayed neutrophil chemotaxis was found in smokers compared to non smokers with same periodontal status.

Neutrophil Activation in Severe, Early-Onset COPD Patients versus Healthy Non-Smoker Subjects in vitro: Effects of Antioxidant Therapy

Background: Neutrophils and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Severe, early-onset COPD is characterized by a rapid decline in the lung function at an early age; however, nothing is known about neutrophil activation in COPD patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral blood neutrophil activation in severe, early-onset COPD patients versus healthy non-smokers and the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on neutrophil activation in vitro. Methods: Neutrophils were isolated from 15 severe, early-onset COPD patients and 15 age-matched healthy subjects and stimulated with N-formyl- Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) in the presence or absence of NAC (10 µM to 10 mM). Neutrophil chemotaxis, elastase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular thiols and apoptosis were measured by Boyden chamber, spectrofluorometry, CMFDA and H₂DCF-DA dyes and by annexin V-FITC, respectively. Results: Chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils from COPD patients in response to fMLP was 30% more increased than that observed in healthy subjects. Elastase release in response to fMLP was 2-fold higher in neutrophils from COPD patients versus healthy subjects. Intracellular thiol levels were 30% lower in COPD and ROS was approximately 30% higher in COPD versus healthy neutrophils. Spontaneous apoptosis showed no differences in both groups of patients and fMLP-induced apoptosis was higher in COPD. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant NAC effectively attenuated neutrophil chemotaxis, elastase release and ROS as well as effectively increased thiol levels in COPD. Conclusions: Neutrophils in severe, early-onset COPD patients are highly activated and this is alleviated by NAC in vitro.

Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Local Expression of Interleukin-10 in the Tolerance of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis

To study the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance in a rat model of footpad injection endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). EIU was produced by footpad injection of 1 mg/kg LPS in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four experiments were undertaken in this study. First, on days 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 after LPS injection, the iris-ciliary body (ICB) was isolated. LPS tolerance-associated gene expression in the ICB was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Second, the distribution of IL-10-producing cells in frozen sections of ocular tissues was analyzed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Third, peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis was determined using a fluorescent in vitro migration assay. Fourth, for in vivo neutrophil chemotaxis assay, neutrophils isolated from EIU-tolerant or control rats were transfused into green fluorescence protein (GFP) rats injected with LPS 18 hours earlier. Six hours after transfusion, the percentage of GFP-negative neutrophils in the aqueous humor was determined by flow cytometry. IL-10 gene expression in ICB was significantly upregulated for at least 1 month. Immunohistochemical examination indicated that dendritic cells in the ICB produced IL-10. Peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis in EIU-tolerant rats was inhibited significantly in vitro and in vivo. IL-10 enhanced the reduction of neutrophil chemotaxis in EIU-tolerant rats in vitro. The results suggest that continuous high expression of IL-10 in the eye and the reduction of peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis play significant roles in the mechanism of LPS tolerance in a rat model of footpad injection EIU.

The anti-inflammatory properties of rose-hip

The anti-inflammatory properties of rose-hip are described in this short report. Rose-hip extract reduced chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes of healthy subjects in vitro. Daily intake of rose-hip powder for four weeks by healthy volunteers and patients suffering from osteoarthritis, resulted in reduced serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and reduced chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils. The results indicate that rose-hip possesses anti-inflammatory properties and might be used as a replacement or supplement for conventional drug therapies in patients with osteoarthritis.

The effect of dexamethasone on some immunological parameters in cattle.

Immunosuppression as a consequence of acute and chronic stress can increase the susceptibility of cattle to a range of infectious diseases. In order to develop a panel of immune function assays for investigating the effects of potential stressors on immune competence in cattle, the effect of treatment with short- and long-acting preparations of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone was examined. Short-acting dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.08 mg/kg) followed 37 h later by long-acting dexamethasone (dexamethasone-21 isonicotinate 0.25 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly and blood was collected to assess immune functions at intervals over the subsequent 11 days from 6 treated and 6 control Hereford steers. Dexamethasone induced leukocytosis (neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis), an increased neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, an elevated percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes, a decreased total CD8+ lymphocyte count, decreased total and percentage WC1+ lymphocytes, an elevated percentage of IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha)+ lymphocytes, and an elevated percentage of B lymphocytes. In vitro chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils to human C5a and ovine IL-8 was increased by dexamethasone treatment. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin, and serum concentrations of IgM, but not IgA or IgG1, were suppressed by dexamethasone treatment, whereas mitogen-induced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), neutrophil expression of CD18, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were not influenced by dexamethasone treatment. The results indicate the potential for haematology and immune function assays to reflect elevated activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in cattle. Immunological parameters may thus provide a useful adjunct to cortisol and behavioural observations for assessing the impact of stress on the welfare of cattle.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Analysis of neutrophil chemotaxis.

Papillon-lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is described as the association of palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis with precocious periodontal disease which results in exfoliation of primary and permanent dentitions. This study was planned to assess the chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils in 7 patients (3 females and 4 males) with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. The neutrophil chemotaxis was analyzed using the zymosan activated serum (ZAS) assay. Chemotaxis and spontaneous migration measurements were compared to those of the healthy control subjects. The peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis and spontaneous migration were depressed in all patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. The decreased chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils strongly suggests that the neutrophils may act as one of the important key determinants in the pathogenesis of severe periodontal destruction in patients with PLS.

Methotrexate Inhibits the Human C5a-Induced Skin Response in Patients With Psoriasis

In this study we examined the effects of intradermal injections of human complement split product C5a in 10 patients with psoriasis in long-term treatment with methotrexate (MTX). The C5a was injected at the end of the weekly MTX cycle just before the intake of the first MTX dose and 3 h after the second of the 3 doses. The C5a-induced skin response was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the wheal and the area of the flare and by erythema index (EI), which was determined objectively by reflectance spectrophotometry. In all patients the skin response was significantly depressed when C5a was injected after MTX intake. The decrease of wheal, flare, and EI averaged 61.6%, 71.1%, and 57.5%, respectively, when all parameters were obtained at maximal skin response. The in vitro chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from the patients toward C5a was markedly inhibited after intake of MTX (p less than 0.01). The skin biopsies obtained after C5a injection before intake of MTX revealed a perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and considerable dermal edema. After MTX intake the number of infiltrating leukocytes and the degree of dermal edema was markedly reduced. This study indicates that MTX is a potent inhibitor of C5a-induced skin inflammation, and that this inhibition may be caused by a direct effect on circulating neutrophils and monocytes. The results obtained in this work support the idea that anti-inflammatory effects of MTX may be partially responsible for its antipsoriatic effect.

Motility of neutrophils and monocytes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Random motility and chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have been measured using a modified Boyden Chamber filter assay. Increased random motility and chemotaxis of monocytes were found in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Monocyte motility was normal in Crohn's disease and no abnormality of neutrophil motility or chemotaxis was found in either disease. Drug therapy with prednisolone or sulphasalazine received in vivo was found to have no effect on the motility of the washed neutrophils and monocytes in vitro. This work adds to the evidence that monocytes are activated in ulcerative colitis but does not support the hypothesis that Crohn's disease is due to an inherent defect in phagocyte motility.

Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products.

BACTERIAL-NEUTROPHIL INTERACTIONS may be critical determinants of virulence in periodontal diseases. This study was undertaken to examine the ability of major bacterial species from the human oral cavity to inhibit (1) peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis, (2) chemotactic formylmethionyl peptide binding, and (3) phagocytosis. Included were cultured supernatants and sonic extracts obtained from strains of Capnocytophaga, Bacteroides gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Capnocytophaga species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Neisseria, Actinomyces viscosus, Bacterionema matruchotii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis. Chemotaxis was measured using Boyden chambers; phagocytosis was determined using Staphylococcus aureus as the indicator organism and radioactive chemotactic peptide binding was assessed by a rapid filtration assay. None of the test organisms were cytotoxic to neutrophils or inhibited neutrophil phagocytosis. Capnocytophaga species., Bacteroides species., A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum produced factors which specifically inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis. Activity was lost after dialysis. Extracts of Bacteroides species, A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, which were not chemotactic by themselves, inhibited binding of chemotactic peptide suggesting that in vitro chemotaxis inhibition was mediated by nonchemotactic components that compete for the chemotactic factor receptor on the neutrophil. The exception was Capnocytophaga which appeared to inhibit chemotaxis by inhibition of a post-binding event. Such chemotactic inhibitors from periodontopathic organisms that inhibit neutrophil function may be important determinants of virulence.