Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Research Articles

To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P

To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (pRNFL) layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P. : Cross-sectional observational study carried out on 72eyes of 42 POAG patients and 72 eyes of 36 normal individuals above 40 years from January 2023 – August 2023 in eye OPD of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination, Gonioscopy, tonometry, Central corneal thickness, perimetry, fundoscopy, peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness using OCT was done in all patients. POAG patients had significantly lower mean pRNFL quadrant measurements in superior, inferior and temporal quadrants when compared with controls. 83.68 ± 13.55 vs.140.01 ± 4.53; p=0.001 for superior quadrant; 76.33 ± 12.96 vs. 141.99 ± 4.51; p=0.001 for inferior quadrant; 52.31 ± 8.67 vs. 74.36 ± 3.56; p=0.001 for temporal quadrant. Mean pRNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was not found significant in our study (55.53±7.08 vs. 80.85±5.24; p=0.295). Significant differences in thickness in foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner sector between POAG and control patients (p<0.05) were found. Superior, inferior and temporal pRNFL quadrants thickness and foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner macular thickness were found to be the best parameters to diagnose POAG at early stage.

The Relationship between Lumbar Puncture Opening Pressure and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Is a Lumbar Puncture Always Necessary?

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without an identified cause. Today, lumbar puncture (LP) is the most common method used for diagnosis by measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to reflect intracranial pressure. This invasive examination has significant disadvantages, such as complications and negative experiences for patients. Therefore, noninvasive methods for ICP measurement are desired. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of IIH patients as it reflects papilledema. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between CSF pressure and OCT parameters and the ability of OCT in the diagnostic approach. In our study, patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of IIH with complete neuro-ophthalmological examinations, including visual acuity (VA), visual field, and OCT imaging within 24 hours before lumbar puncture, were retrospectively evaluated. CSF pressure, visual acuity LogMAR, mean deviation of visual fields, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT, and treatment protocols were obtained from our hospital data system. A total of 42 eyes of 21 patients were enrolled in the study. A statistically significant positive and moderate correlation was found between CSF pressure values and average RNFL thickness (r=0.507; P=0.001). The same relationship was demonstrated in all 4 quadrants: inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal. Increased peripapillary RNFL thickness in optic nerve head OCT may be correlated with increased ICP in IIH patients. A larger number of patients are needed to better understand the correlation between OCT parameters and CSF pressure in patients with IIH.

Optical coherence tomography detection of retinal neural loss in patients with tuberous sclerosis

PurposeTuberous Sclerosis (TS) is a rare, multisystem genetic disease caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, leading to abnormalities in cell differentiation and proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the neural integrity of individuals with TS by using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to examine the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular thickness in patients with TS and to compare with healthy controls.MethodsPeripapillary and macular OCT scans (Optopol Revo NX SD OCT) were performed on 41 eyes from 22 TS patients, divided into two groups based on the presence of retinal hamartomas, and compared to 20 eyes from a control group. The average peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured for each quadrant. The macular total thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) + inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were measured based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) map. All measurements were then compared between the groups and controls.ResultsThe TS group showed significantly reduced RNFL thickness and macular thickness when compared to the control group. Specifically, patients with retinal hamartomas exhibited an even more pronounced thinning of both RNFL and macular thickness.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that TS patients undergo significant changes in retinal neurodevelopment and experience axonal loss. This finding may have significant prognostic utility regarding central nervous system degeneration in TS, particularly among patients with retinal hamartomas. OCT may serve as a valuable tool for assessing axonal structural abnormalities in TS patients.Trial Registration Number: Not applicable.

Changes in Neurodegeneration and Visual Prognosis in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion after Resolution of Macular Edema

This study aimed to examine the thicknesses of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in eyes with resolved macular edema (ME) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and determine their relationship with visual acuity (VA). This retrospective observational case–control study included 57 eyes of BRVO patients with resolved ME after treatment. The macular GCL thickness, peripapillary RNFL thickness, and central macular thickness (CMT) measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans with the contralateral eyes used as controls were evaluated. The mean CMT was 270.48 ± 32.7 μm; the mean RNFL thickness was 105.46 ± 25.94 μm in BRVO eyes. Although the average RNFL thickness was decreased in BRVO eyes compared to unaffected eyes, there was no significant difference between the groups. However, the temporal and nasal RNFL thicknesses were significantly different between the groups. The mean affected quadrant had a significantly thinner GCL compared to the corresponding opposite unaffected quadrant (p = 0.02). Final VA was significantly correlated with nasal and middle GCL thicknesses in the affected area (r = −0.512, p = 0.003 and r = −0.537, p = 0.001, respectively); no correlation was found between the average RNFL thickness and mean CMT. The peripapillary RNFL and GCL thicknesses of the affected area were reduced in BRVO eyes compared to unaffected eyes. VA significantly correlated with nasal and middle GCL thicknesses in the affected area. Inner retinal damage occurring in patients with ME secondary to BRVO may be related to the visual prognosis.

Impaired brachial flow-mediated dilation may predict choroidal and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness changes in people with obesity

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Choroidal thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) changes are known to occur in obesity. Endothelial dysfunction and systemic atherosclerosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of these differences. Background Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is reduced in patients with endothelial dysfunction, and the ankle-brachial index is a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between systemic vascular parameters (FMD, and ankle-brachial index), subfoveal choroidal thickness, and peripapillary RNFL thickness in obese individuals. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study involved 108 total participants who were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 54 obese subjects who each had a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more. The other control group contained 54 participants who each had a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or less but higher than 20 kg/m2 . For each participant, only one eye was examined in this study. Subfoveal choroidal thickness, RNFL thickness, ankle-brachial index, and ultrasound measurement of the brachial artery FMD were performed. FMD was categorised according to receiver operating characteristic analysis, and endothelial dysfunction was defined as an FMD ≤ 7.29%. Results Subfoveal choroidal and RNFL thicknesses in the temporal quadrant were significantly lower in the obese group (p < 0.05). Lower mean values of subfoveal choroidal and RNFL thicknesses in the temporal and inferior quadrants were observed in subjects with an FMD ≤ 7.29% (p < 0.05). In people with obesity, FMD was positively correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.322, p = 0.001), inferior RNFL thickness (r = 0.259, p = 0.007), and temporal RNFL thickness (r = 0.297, p = 0.002). However, the ankle-brachial index was not correlated with obesity. Conclusions Impaired FMD was associated with reduced subfoveal choroidal and RNFL thicknesses in the temporal and inferior quadrants of people with obesity.

Optic Disc Hypoplasia Assessment in PAX6 -Related Aniridia.

This study aims to characterize optic disc hypoplasia in congenital aniridia using ultra-wide-field imaging (UWFI) and nonmydriatic retinal photography (NMRP). We also investigated the relation between optic disc hypoplasia and foveal hypoplasia. This is a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with PAX6 -related aniridia in a National Referral Center, who underwent UWFI, NMRP, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) . The disc diameter (DD) and the disc-to-fovea distance (DF) were measured. The DD:DF ratio was used to assess the relative size of the optic disc. The analyses were carried with respect to paired age- and sex-matched healthy controls. SD-OCT was used for foveal hypoplasia grading (from 1 to 4) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis. Mean manual DD:DF ratio was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.31-0.35) in aniridia patients versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.36-0.39) in control patients (n = 20, P = 0.005) measured on NMRP and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30-0.35) in aniridia patients versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.37-0.39) in control patients (n = 26, P < 0.0001) when assessed on UWFI. Mean semiautomated DD:DF ratio measured on UWFI in aniridia patients was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.29-0.33) versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.36-0.38) in control patients ( P < 0.0001). Also, a negative correlation was found significant between the grade of foveal hypoplasia and the mean semiautomated DD:DF ratio (r = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.15, P = 0.0067). Finally, a significant negative correlation was found between the peripapillary temporal RNFL thickness and the grade of foveal hypoplasia ( P = 0.0034). The DD:DF ratio is significantly reduced in PAX6 -related aniridia patients and correlates with the severity of foveal hypoplasia. This ratio is a valuable tool for optic disc hypoplasia assessment in congenital aniridia, especially when provided semiautomatically by UWFI.

Normative retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a healthy pediatric South Asian cohort: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study.

Currently, the normative values for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in our population have not been widely studied. Our study aimed to assess the peripapillary RNFL thickness (RNFLT) with Optopol Copernicus REVO80® spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) amongst healthy children and its associations. One hundred eighty-two eyes of 91 consecutive healthy children 3 to 16 years of age with a refractive error ≤ ± 5 D were included after a thorough eye exam including visual acuity, refraction, tonometry, pachymetry, axial length estimation, and slit lamp exam including fundus assessment. RNFLT was measured via Optopol Copernicus REVO80® high resolution SD-OCT by a single experienced observer with 3D disc mode within a circular area of diameter 3.45 mm and the ring further divided into four quadrants: inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal. The mean age was 11.12 ± 3.12 years (range, 3-16). The average RNFLT was 120.13 ± 12.6 μm. The mean superior RNFL was the thickest at 138.21 ± 16.6 μm, next was the mean inferior RNFLT at 137.62 ± 17.2 μm, followed by the nasal 91.61 ± 18.5 μm and then the temporalat 74.58 ± 11.7 μm. No significant differences in RNFLT were noted between the two eyes. The mean RNFLT was significantly higher in males as compared to females, in vertical quadrants and at an average (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between the average RNFLT and factors such as age, axial length, corneal thickness, cup-to-disc ratio, intraocular pressure, or refractive error. This study establishes normative values of RNFLT for this subgroup of Pakistani children for the Optopol Copernicus REVO80® SD-OCT device.

Clinical Characteristics and Associated Factors to the Development of Glaucoma in Eyes With Myopic Optic Neuropathy

PurposeTo observe the development of glaucoma in myopic eyes with and without myopic optic neuropathy (MON) and analyze associated factors to the development of typical glaucomatous damage. DesignA prospective, observational, cohort study MethodsA total of 233 myopic eyes with no definite evidence of glaucomatous damage were included in the study. Myopic patients without any retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or visual field (VF) abnormalities were classified as myopic eyes without MON. Myopic patients with decreased RNFL at the superonasal (SN) or nasal area, and with corresponding VF defects either in the temporal or inferotemporal (IT) region, which is different from glaucomatous damage, were classified as myopic eyes with MON. Myopic eyes that developed glaucoma were defined by the presence of glaucomatous VF in the SN region including defects in Bjerrum area, or a new localized RNFL defect in the IT region on red-free photography or RNFL OCT. Disc morphological features and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters of two groups were compared. Hazard ratios for the association between baseline factors and conversion to glaucoma were obtained using Cox regression analysis. ResultsMean follow-up period was 11.66 ± 2.86 years. Myopic eyes with MON had a thinner average peripapillary RNFL thickness (P < 0.001), worse MD of the VF (P = 0.031), a higher percentage of IT VF defects (P < 0.001), smaller torsion degree (P = 0.047), and greater LCD (P = 0.022). Myopic eyes with MON who developed glaucoma had a thinner average peripapillary RNFL thickness (P = 0.009), greater PPA area (P = 0.049), greater LCD (P < 0.001), and thinner LCT (P < 0.001). Thinner baseline temporal RNFL thickness (HR, 0.956; 95% CI, 0.928–0.986; P = 0.004), greater baseline LCD (HR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.000–1.005; P = 0.022), and greater PPA area (HR, 1.000; 95% CI, 1.000–1.003; P = 0.050) were significantly associated factors with glaucoma development in the Cox regression analysis. ConclusionMyopic eyes with MON have a greater risk to develop glaucoma compared to myopic eyes without MON. Myopic eyes with MON had larger PPA area, greater LCD, and thinner temporal peripapillary RNFL, indicating that accompanying structural weakness due to myopia, especially at the temporal side of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary sclera, increases the risk of glaucoma in myopic eyes with MON.

Functional and Morphological Outcomes after Trabeculectomy and Deep Sclerectomy-Results from a Monocentric Registry Study.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy (TE) and deep sclerectomy (DS) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and thereby preserving visual field and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) tissue in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases. IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, visual acuity, mean defect of standard automated perimetry, and mean peripapillary RNFL thickness were retrospectively collected and followed up for 3 years after surgery. TE was performed in 104 eyes and DS in 183 eyes. Age, gender, laterality, IOP, number of medications, visual acuity, perimetry mean defect, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were equally distributed at baseline. Mean IOP decreased from 23.8 ± 1.4 mmHg and 23.1 ± 0.4 mmHg to 13.4 ± 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 15.4 ± 0.7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in the TE and DS groups, respectively. Mean defect remained stable (TE: -11.5 ± 0.9 dB to -12.0 ± 1.1 (p = 0.090); DS: -10.5 ± 0.9 dB to -11.0 ± 1.0 dB (p = 0.302)), while mean peripapillary RNFL thickness showed further deterioration during follow-up (TE group: 64.4 ± 2.1 μm to 59.7 ± 3.5 μm (p < 0.001); DS group: 64.9 ± 1.9 μm to 58.4 ± 2.1 μm (p < 0.001)). Both TE and DS were comparably effective concerning postoperative reduction in IOP and medication. However, glaucoma disease further progressed during follow-up.

What artificial intelligence can bring us in the diagnosis and progression of glaucoma

Aims/Purpose: Our goal is to focus on the contribution of artificial intelligence in glaucoma from diagnosis to progression.Methods: By a literature review, we will review work using AI in the field of glaucoma, whether for screening, diagnosis or detection of progression.Results: For the diagnosis: Recently, two papers were published reporting results of DL algorithms to diagnose glaucoma from Visual Field data. Several authors have evaluated AI‐based fundus photograph analysis for its utility for detecting glaucoma such as the study of Liu et al which grouped 241 032 images of 68 013 patients with a sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 87.2% also for analysing OCT imaging data from peripapillary RNFL thickness maps and the macular ganglion cell complex for discriminating between glaucomatous and normal eyes with AROC values ranging from 0.69 to 0.99. Prediction of IOP trends from previous data and medications would be a useful and plausible use of AI. For the progression of glaucoma: Multiclass support vector machines (SVMs), have been used to simultaneously discriminate between normal, non progressing, and progressing eyes through the analysis of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) images with a correct classification rate of 88% .Conclusions: Many AI strategies have shown promising results for glaucoma detection using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, or automated perimetry. The combination of these imaging modalities increases the performance of AI algorithms, with results comparable to those of humans. Research in the coming years will need to address unavoidable questions regarding the clinical significance of such results and the explicability of the predictions.

Postoperative RNFL-Changes after Successful Trabeculectomy: 2-Year Outcomes.

The most important tool in glaucoma therapy is to lower the intraocular pressure to slow down the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Trabeculectomy (TE) is considered the gold standard in glaucoma surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the postoperative changes in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after TE. We examined 40 patients naïve to prior glaucoma surgery retrospectively, who received a TE for medically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP-lowering medication, mean deviation of perimetry, visual acuity and peripapillary RNFL-thickness using OCT were evaluated during the first 24 month after TE. In total 40 eyes from 40 patients were treated with TE. Mean IOP decreased from 25.0 ± 0,9 to 13.9 ± 0.6 (p < 0.01), and the mean number of IOP-lowering eye drops from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 0.5 ± 0.2 (p < 0.01). Visual acuity and mean deviation in perimetry remained stable while mean global RNFL-thickness decreased from 67.8 ± 2.9 to 63.7 ± 2.9 (p < 0.01) and 63.4 ± 2.9 µm (p < 0.01) 12 and 24 months after TE. The TE is an effective method to reduce the IOD and the amount of IOP-lowering medication. Nevertheless, a significant further loss in RNFL thickness was observed in the first 12 months after TE. Thus, RNFL changes seem to stabilise only after a protracted period.

Effect of pan retinal photocoagulation on macular ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness

: To determine the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) morphologic parameters like macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic retinopathy cases. This is a retrospective study including 52 eyes with severe non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema who required PRP. Macular GCIPL, CMT and peripapillary RNFL thickness measured at baseline and at 1-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post PRP with SD OCT. CMT, Macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increased significantly at 1 month (p&amp;#60;0.05), thereafter a decreasing trend noted at 6, 12 and 18 months. At 18 month CMT, GCIPL and RNFL thickness are higher than baseline but not statistically significant except temporal RNFL and Average GCIPL (p&amp;#60;0.05). A significant correlation found between changes in temporal RNFL and average GCIPL thickness (Pearson Correlation coefficient r= 0.652, 0.557, 0.782, 0.624 at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months respectively. P&amp;#60;0.05 for all values) CMT, macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increase following PRP; peaking at month 1 and stabilizing through next 18 months. Macular GCIPL thickness could be a reproducible indicator of temporal RNFL.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Chinese pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women

PurposeTo evaluate choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in different trimesters using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). MethodsA prospective comparative study included 45 healthy pregnant women in the first trimester, 45 women in the second, 45 women in the third and 45 healthy non-pregnant women as the control group. Macular choroidal thickness was measured at three locations: The subfoveal, 1 ​mm temporal, and 1 ​mm nasal from the fovea with EDI-OCT. Peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) and RNFL thickness parameters were automatically calculated by the Spectralis OCT. ResultsThe subfoveal, temporal and nasal macular choroidal thickness were all significantly thicker in the second trimester, compared with those parameters in the first, the third trimesters and the control group (all P ​< ​0.05). The PPCT was significantly increased in the second trimeter compared with the control group at global, temporal, temporal inferior, nasal and nasal inferior positions (all P ​< ​0.05). The RNFL thickness was also significantly increased in pregnant women at nasal superior and nasal inferior quadrants (all P ​< ​0.05). ConclusionsThe choroidal thickness in pregnant women was found to be thicker than the control group, regardless of macular or optic disc location. Findings of RNFL thickening might indicate subclinical involvement of the central nervous system.

Optometry in adults with microdeletion 22q11.2: The eye as a window to the brain

PurposeThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) has an estimated prevalence of 1:2148 live births and is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, cognitive decline and early-onset Parkinson’s disease. Because retinal and cerebral tissue share embryological, physiological and anatomical characteristics, retinal blood vessel morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness have been proposed as non-invasive biomarkers for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this exploratory study, we examined these potential biomarkers in adults with 22q11.2DS relative to controls, and in relation to age. MethodsCentral retinal artery and vein equivalent, fractal dimension, and vascular tortuosity, obtained through fundoscopy, and peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness, obtained through optical coherence tomography, were compared between adults with 22q11.2DS and sex- and age-matched controls. ResultsMean retinal vascular fractal dimension and tortuosity values were significantly higher in the group of adults with 22q11.2DS than in controls (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). RNFL was thicker in the nasal segment (p = 0.002) in 22q11.2DS, and a trend for thinner RNFL in the nasal and temporal inferior segments (p = 0.05 and p = 0.06, respectively) was found. There were significant negative correlations with age for fractal dimension (p < 0.001) and RNFL thickness in the global (p = 0.007), temporal inferior (p = 0.005) and temporal superior (p = 0.04) segments in adults with 22q11.2DS, but not in controls. ConclusionsOur results indicate higher retinal vascular fractal dimension and tortuosity, and a decrease in fractal dimension and RNFL thickness in relation to age in adults with 22q11.2DS. Our findings support future studies that focus on retinal fractal dimension and RNFL thickness as potential biomarkers for age-related manifestations in 22q11.2 including psychotic and (early) neurodegenerative disorders.

Peripapillary Vascular Density in Childhood Glaucoma: A Pilot Comparative Study with Age and Sex Matched Healthy Subjects.

The aim of this study concerns the evaluation of peripapillary vessel indices in childhood glaucoma (CG) and healthy subjects. In this prospective, unicenter, observational cross-sectional study, patients with CG and age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included. We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in optical coherence tomography (OCT), peripapillary vessel density (PVD), and the flux index (FI) of the superficial vascular plexus from OCT angiography (OCT-A) between CG patients and control groups. We included 39 patients (68 eyes) with CG and 50 (95 eyes) healthy subjects. The peripapillary RNFL thickness, vessel density, and flux index were significantly lower in the CG group than in the control group. The mean PVD of CG patients was 0.52 ± 0.043%, compared with 0.55 ± 0.014%, p < 0.0001 in healthy subjects. The mean FI was 0.32 ± 0.054 versus 0.37 ± 0.028, p < 0.0001, in CG patients and healthy subjects, respectively. PVD and FI in the superior, inferior, and temporal sectors were significantly lower in CG. The peripapillary RNFL thickness showed a higher area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for discriminating healthy and CG eyes and was significantly different than the PVD (0.797, 95%CI 0.726-0.869; p < 0.0001 vs. 0.664, 95%CI 0.574-0.752; p 0.00037), p 0.012. PVD and FI show lower values in CG and correlate with RNFL thickness measurement but have lower diagnostic ability than RNFL thickness measurement. Our results reveal possible differences in the pathogenesis of microvascular compromise in childhood glaucoma patients.

Does occupational radiation exposure affect retinal nerve fiber thickness?

To evaluate the thickness of peripapillary nerve fibers in radiation-exposed healthcare workers. The study included 60 radiation-exposed healthcare workers and 60 healthy control groups. SD-OCT was used to measure mean peripapillary RNFL thickness along with peripapillary RNFL thickness in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal quadrants. The mean age of the subjects participating in the study was 37 ± 6.3 (range 25-50) in the radiation-exposed group and 38 ± 4.9 (range 26-48) in the control group. The mean duration of exposure to radiation in healthcare workers was 11 ± 5years (range 5-27). While the mean total rim thickness was 94.25 ± 8.2 in the radiation-exposed group, it was 102.8 ± 7.4 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean superior rim thickness was 123.93 ± 15.13 in the radiation-exposed group, while it was measured as 129.75 ± 14.64 in the control group (p = 0.34). While the mean inferior rim thickness was 110.88 ± 13.43 in the group exposed to radiation, it was 130.08 ± 13.44 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean nasal rim thickness was 70.25 ± 9.50 in the group exposed to radiation, while it was 75.38 ± 13.77 in the control group (p = 0.46). While the mean temporal rim thickness was 71.77 ± 8.73 in the group exposed to radiation, it was measured as 75.78 ± 13.15 in the control group (p = 0.52). Significant thinning of nerve fiber thickness was found statistically significant in all and especially the inferior quadrants of the healthcare workers exposed to radiation compared to the control group. After at least 5years of radiation exposure, the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibers may decrease in healthcare workers.

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Bipolar Disorder Patients and the Related Factors.

This study's purpose is to determine the effects of current episode and the mood stabilizers on chorioretinal layer thicknesses of bipolar disorder (BD) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with BD I and using lithium (Li) or valproic acid (VPA), of whom 20 were manic, 24 were depressive, and 23 were in remission, and 49 healthy individuals were included in the study. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer, and macular thicknesses of the participants were measured automatically using SD-OCT, and their choroid layer thicknesses were measured manually using the depth imaging mode of SD-OCT. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. The patient group's mean age was 39.78 ± 11.78, and the control group's mean age was 42.06 ± 12.10. The mean disease duration was 13.22 ± 8.23 in the patient group, and 26 patients were using Li. While peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were lower in the patient group (P < .05), other layer measurements were similar between the groups. Moreover, the episodes experienced by BD patients did not affect chorioretinal SD-OCT measurements. The patients on VPA had significantly lower RNFL thicknesses compared to the control and the Li groups, and all chorioretinal measurements were similar between the Li and the control groups. As a result of the study, it was established that neurodegenerative processes play a role in the pathophysiology of BD and the usage of Li is protective against the neurodegeneration of RNFL. Retinal changes measured with SD-OCT can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of BD and for evaluating responses to mood stabilizers.

Association of macular pigment optical density with retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with and without manifest primary open-angle glaucoma

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between baseline macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with and without manifest primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye...

Peripapillary Vascular Density in Compressive Optic Neuropathy and Normal-Tension Glaucoma: A Severity-Controlled Comparison.

To investigate the differences in peripapillary vessel density (VD) between compressive optic neuropathy (CON) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). We compared patients with chronic CON and NTG, particularly after strictly controlling the mean extent of macular damage by the area of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss in optical coherence tomography (OCT). We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and GCIPL thickness from OCT and peripapillary and macular VD from OCT angiography (OCTA) between the CON and NTG groups. From the initial 184 patients with CON and 443 patients with OAG, we included 41 patients with CON (57 eyes) and 64 patients with NTG (75 eyes) with a comparable extent of macular GCIPL thinning. Under similar mean macular involvement, the peripapillary VD was significantly lower in the CON group than in the NTG group after considering the effects of age, spherical equivalent, visual field sensitivity, peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness, GCIPL thickness, and image quality scores (P < 0.001). Marked loss of VD in the temporal and nasal sectors in CON was notable, attributing to the significantly lower peripapillary VD compared to NTG. Patients with CON had a significantly lower peripapillary VD than those with NTG under similar mean degrees of pRNFL thickness and GCIPL damage. Our results reveal the potential utility of OCTA VD besides OCT pRNFL thickness, in relation to different topographic patterns of pRNFL loss, and possible differences in the pathogenesis of microvascular compromise between CON and NTG.

Long-Term Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness after Vitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

This study investigated the long-term effects of epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. We included 30 patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent a vitrectomy for ERM removal with internal limiting membrane peeling. The patients were followed up for 5 years after surgery, and their medical records were reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters. The study population comprised 24 females (80.0%), and the mean age was 65.4 ± 7.2 years. The baseline BCVA significantly improved from 0.28 ± 0.24 to 0.12 ± 0.09 logMAR (p < 0.001) 1 year after surgery and continued to improve for 5 years after surgery. The peripapillary RNFL thickness initially increased after surgery and then gradually decreased. The peripapillary RNFL thicknesses of the global and temporal sectors showed significant reductions 2 years after surgery, whereas those of the nasal sectors did not significantly change. The peripapillary RNFL thickness was thinner in the global and temporal areas of the operated eyes than in those of the fellow eyes 4 and 5 years after surgery. In conclusion, peripapillary RNFL thicknesses decreased in the global and temporal areas after ERM surgery, whereas peripapillary RNFL thicknesses in the nasal sectors did not change significantly during the long-term follow-up.