Perioperative Cardiovascular Management Research Articles

Correction to: 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Correction to: 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

The "2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023 to identify clinical studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Recommendations from the "2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery" have been updated with new evidence consolidated to guide clinicians; clinicians should be advised this guideline supersedes the previously published 2014 guideline. In addition, evidence-based management strategies, including pharmacological therapies, perioperative monitoring, and devices, for cardiovascular disease and associated medical conditions, have been developed.

Randomized Pilot Trial of Pre- and Postoperative Heart Failure Nurse-Supported Care in Heart Failure Patients Requiring Noncardiac Surgery-Feasibility and Results.

The perioperative cardiovascular management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is particularly challenging in those with pre-existing heart failure (HF). This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-based pre- and postoperative specialized HF management in reducing postoperative HF-associated complications in patients with known HF undergoing noncardiac surgery. This prospective, randomized pilot study included patients with established HF requiring intermediate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery. Patients received postoperatively either standard care (control group, CG) or nurse-supported HF management (intervention group, IG). The primary endpoint was a composite of HF-related postoperative complications at 30 days. Secondary endpoints included length on intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, death, hospitalization for HF, and quality of life assessment using the SF-12 questionnaire. The trial was halted prematurely for futility. A total of 34 patients (median age 70.5 [IQR 67-75] years; with 15 HfpEF, 9 HfmrEF,10 HfrEF), with an average NT-proBNP of 1.413 [463-2.832] pg/mL were included. The IG had a lower rate of postoperative primary events (25%; n = 4) compared with the CG (33%; n = 6). There were no differences in secondary endpoints between the groups. Quality-of-life scores improved slightly in both groups (δ 5.6 ± 0.9 [CG] and 3.1 ± 1.2 [IG]). Nurse-based pre- and postoperative HF care appears to be feasible and may reduce HF-associated complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Larger clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in reducing postoperative complications in this high-risk patient population.

Perioperative haemodynamic therapy for major gastrointestinal surgery: the effect of a Bayesian approach to interpreting the findings of a randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveThe traditional approach of null hypothesis testing dominates the design and analysis of randomised controlled trials. This study aimed to demonstrate how a simple Bayesian analysis could have been used...

Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial: study protocol for a multicentre international trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy with low-dose inotrope infusion compared with usual care in patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery

IntroductionPostoperative morbidity and mortality in older patients with comorbidities undergoing gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Infections after surgery are common in such patients, prolonging hospitalisation and...

The criteria of "inoperability".

In the literature, the term "inoperable" mainly refers to two specific clinical aspects: cancer staging and technical difficulty/impossibility in performing. In light of this clarification, the statement "the patient cannot be anesthetized" has no medical foundation. On the contrary, the physicians have to carefully stratify the perioperative risk and optimize the patients' preoperative clinical status. In order to perform a precise risk stratification, the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Anaesthesiology have joined and published the guidelines for the perioperative cardiovascular management of patients scheduled to undergo non-cardiac surgery. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) represents the most complete and accurate prediction tool so far. It includes 21 preoperative factors relating to demographics, comorbidities and procedures able to predict outcomes based on preoperative risk factors such as death, cardiac complications, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury. The present article will address aspects related to common aspects concerning modifiable and non-modifiable that should be addressed in every patient to whom elective surgery has been scheduled.

Another Look at Perioperative Beta-Blockers in Noncardiac Surgery

The 2007 updated ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery (JW Cardiol Nov 28 2007)

Open Biliary Tract Surgery: Multivariate Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality

Background/Aim: The overall mortality rate in patients undergoing supraduodenal choledochotomy for benign biliary tract disease is around 3%. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify factors affecting the mortality in a group of patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration for benign biliary disease. Methods: Patients (n = 158) who underwent common bile duct exploration during a 5-year period in a teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. The former identified four statistically significant variables: age (p < 0.001), acute cholangitis on admission (p < 0.001), heart disease (p < 0.05), and a dilated common bile duct on preoperative ultrasound scan (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified three variables which independently increased operative mortality: age (p = 0.05), heart disease (p = 0.03), and cholangitis (p = 0.008). The latter was associated with the greatest operative mortality, since it increased almost eight times the risk to die after surgical intervention. Conclusion: We conclude that an adequate perioperative cardiovascular management may be important in order to improve surgical outcome. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and subsequent treatment after routine operative bile cultures may reduce septic complications and mortality. Finally, an alternative procedure, such as endoscopic sphincterotomy, may be indicated in high-risk patients in order to drain the common bile duct preoperatively and to decrease the risk of unresponsive biliary sepsis.