Preparation Period Research Articles

Physiological and hygienic assessment of the organization of specialized training for high school students

Introduction. The educational activities in children and adolescents are associated with significant potential health risks, especially during the preparation period for the unified state exam. In this regard, there is a need to optimize the management of educational activities to reduce the physiological cost of the educational process. The purpose of the study is a physiological and hygienic assessment of the management of specialized training of high school students and its impact on the functional state of their body. Materials and methods. The object of the study was two hundred fifty eight students of the 11th grade of the medical pre-university. A study was conducted on the specifics of the management of pre-university education, as well as a hygienic assessment of the curriculum. To assess the impact of the educational process on the functional state of the body in high school students, an assessment of the method of proof-reading tests was carried out by mental performance. Also there was performed a study of the psycho-emotional state of the body using the Izard method and the functional state of the body using the method for studying well-being, activity, and mood. The obtained results were processed using descriptive statistics methods. Results. The similarity of the management of classes with the university form of education is noted. The evaluation of the schedule showed a decrease in the level of academic load over the course of the academic year, as well as the irrationality of scheduling from the point of view of age physiology. During the academic year, positive trend in indicators of mental performance and functional state of the body in students was noted. A high prevalence of pronounced and severe degrees of anxiety-depressive (33.9%) and adverse (29.0%) emotions among high school students was revealed. The relationship between the severity of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions and the subjective assessment of the state of the body by students is noted. Limitations. The study was conducted in one educational institution, which is a pre-university medical university, which had an impact on the representativeness of the sample. Conclusion. The conducted research shows the system of management of pre-university education allows students successful and effective engaging in educational activities, which is reflected in the positive trend in indicators characterizing the functional state of the body in high school students. Measures to prevent the prevalence of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions among students are proposed.

Guidelines Management for Orienteering Events Competitions in Guangdong Province, the People’s Republic of China

Background and Aim: Orienteering is an endurance outdoor sport that pays equal attention to physical strength and intelligence. In recent years, Guangdong province held all kinds of different sizes and different themes of orientation that were welcomed by the masses. Therefore, to ensure the smooth progress of the game and improve the event organization management system, this research aims to construct guidelines for management for orienteering events competitions in Guangdong province, the People's Republic of China. Materials and Methods: The participants of this research were divided into 4 groups as follows: (1) 7 experts including 4 managers from Guangdong province who hosted the orienteering event, and 3 university lecturers related to the orienteering event conducted expert interviews, to study the problem and obstruction of the management of orienteering events competitions; (2) 3 managers in the orienteering event were employed the index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) to evaluate the alignment between questionnaire items and research objectives; (3) 15 expert were conducted two round of Delphi survey, to construct guidelines management for orienteering events competitions; and (4) 9 experts including 5 managers from Guangdong province who host the orienteering event, and 4 university lecturers related to the orienteering event conducted connoisseurship panel to discuss and confirm the developed guidelines management. Results: The final guidelines management for orienteering events competitions in Guangdong province, the People's Republic of China including the 4 first-level indicators and 27 second-level indicators was confirmed. The details of the 4 first-level indicators are as follows: (1) match preparation period; (2) competition preparation period; (3) competition period; and (4) competition closing period. Conclusion: After confirmation by the connoisseurship method, the final guidelines management for orienteering events competitions in Guangdong province were confirmed.

Correlational analysis of psychophysiological functions indicators, technical and physical readiness of young football players aged 12-13 at different training process stages

Background and purpose At the current stage, many teams in game sports have certain difficulties with stable success on the world sports arena. Football in this sense is no exception. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness of young football players aged 12-13 years in the preparatory and competitive periods of the annual cycle of the training process. Materials and methods 12 football players of the Kharkiv Junior High School, 12-13 years old, took part in the study. We used the next methods. Determining the level of physical fitness: Running for 60 m, 1000 m run, Shuttle race, Pull-ups on the crossbar, Jump from a place. Determination of the level of technical preparation: Juggling. The main task of this test, the player needs to kick the ball so that it does not fall to the ground, this is done with the feet, the athlete must kick the ball as many times as possible; Shot at range. Held from the line of the field, the football player must hit the ball as far as possible from the run, this distance is measured in meters. Results In the preparatory phase for young soccer players aged 12-13 years, the total number of reliable relationships between the psychophysiological index and the physical and technical readiness index was 12. In the competition phase, the total number of reliable relationships between psychophysiological indicators and physical and technical readiness indicators remained the same for young soccer players aged 12-13 years, also 12 relationships. Conclusion The data obtained reflect the formative process of a specific type of soccer player, in which the speed of neurodynamic processes is related to the physical qualities of speed and speed-power.

Play as practice? Comparative analysis of preparation period and match adjustments in a basketball team's performance.

In basketball, successful performance relies on the optimal use of top-down strategic guidance by coaches and bottom-up adjustments by players, requiring a preparation plan consistent with match demands. The aim of this study was to analyze the strategic-tactical tendencies between a basketball team's preparation and match performance phases for a U16 men's national team during a continental tournament. The team was composed by 12 players (aged 16 ± 0.4) with at least three years of participation in basketball competitions. Data from team strategy (the playbook), team practices, and match performance were integrated through a common set of variables in a decision support framework, the Team Learning Cycle (TLC). The influence of situational variables with respect to preparation and match performance consistency and efficiency was also investigated. The preparation phase significantly emphasized small-sided games focused on group-tactics-based attacks, combining offense and defense, usually in the set offense. During the matches, the set offense was also significantly prioritized. The frequency of group-tactics-based attacks increased relative to team plays from the group phase to the elimination phase (p < 0.05). Efficiency generally improved during close matches, suggesting successful team strategy learning and tactical autonomy from preparation to matches. Using consistency and efficiency together provided for an effective evaluation of a team's preparation-performance relationship. This evidence underscores the importance of sensitive monitoring methods for establishing accurate associations between preparation and performance. Coaches can use this systematic procedure to critically examine their use of preparation time relative to match performance. Additionally, basketball managers may find that TLC-related evidence supports evaluating coaches' multi-dimensional skills from a broader perspective than simply winning rates, offering a more objective and comprehensive assessment of coaching effectiveness.

The state of psychological and immunological indicators in graduate students of a medical university

Training future doctors for professional practice usually entails building awareness and embracing the significant responsibility inherent in the field. This, in turn, leads to significant psycho-emotional stress by the time of graduation from academic institution. With the aim of identifying the correlation between homeostatic system indicators, a comparative analysis was conducted to characterize the immunological and psychological parameters of final-year medical university students, contingent upon their respective training programs. The study involved sixth-year students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty [TPF] (29 individuals) and the Military Training Center [MTC] (34 individuals) of Rostov State Medical University, a Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education. The exclusion criteria for all participants included the presence of chronic diseases and any infectious process of any origin within three months prior to the study. The groups were similar in terms of age (23.8±1.82 and 23.9±2.2 years, respectively), gender (all male), and corresponded to health group I. Psychological evaluation was conducted employing the Spielberger–Hanin Scale to gauge levels of personal and situational anxiety. The assessment of immunological status was carried out at the Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology using standard methodological approaches. Registration cards for immunopathology analysis were used to characterize health status over the year. Analysis of the obtained data from psychological questionnaires revealed that students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty, compared to their counterparts from the Military Training Center, demonstrated a higher degree of situational and, particularly, personal anxiety. Differences in the immune response system between the compared groups were identified with regards to indicators that characterize both adaptive and innate immunity. These differences were expressed in a more significant number of circulating regulatory T lymphocytes, a less pronounced lytic potential of effector cells, a greater number of TLR9+ monocytes with a decrease in the proportion of cells of the monocyte series carrying HLA-DR in medical students compared to their counterparts studying in the medical service officers’ program. Thus, the period of psychological preparation in a medical university for the commencement of professional activity varies based on the characteristics of the educational process and proves to be more effective for sixth-year students of MTC. Students from the TPF exhibit more pronounced psycho-emotional stress compared to their counterparts in military medical training, leading to evident signs of immune system dysregulation. It is imperative to develop strategies for timely detection of changes in both psychological and immunological adaptive capacities.

Beautifiation through exclusion. City image versus social marginalization on the example of the Summer Olympic Games

Organising significant sports and cultural events becomes an impulse to accelerate the development of cities and regions. The changes concern various elements of urban space, from public transport to building infrastructure. In the face of increased media interest, city authorities are trying to create a positive image of the city as a place to settle, invest and visit. This involves beautifying public areas where people from marginalised groups also lead their lives. The homeless, vagrants, prostitutes and drug and alcohol addicts, through their appearance and non-standard behaviour, differ from the designed image of the city. The article focuses on the activities of authorities and local governments related to cleaning public spaces from groups affected by social exclusion, which intensifies in the preparation period for the Summer Olympic Games. The text is based on a review of press reports, scientific literature, and reports from organisations dealing with the problem of marginalisation. Analysing the collected material allows for a discussion on the actions taken, their frequency and the socio-political situation in which they occur. The results show that regardless of the city in which the Games are held, marginalised groups experience similar repression of a similar nature using analogous tools. The article attempts to systematise the available knowledge in historical and social contexts.

Methodology for improving the physical fitness of qualified goalkeepers in football through fitness means

The article substantiates a methodology for improving the physical fitness of qualified football goalkeepers using health- related fitness. The need for developing alternative training programs for goalkeepers in football has been clarified. The methodology for enhancing the physical fitness of qualified goalkeepers in football includes health-related fitness means and prioritizes an individual approach. The use of fitness tools allows for conducting individual sessions aimed at improving the functional and physical fitness of goalkeepers in football. Thus, the foundation of the methodology consists of exercises using Stick Mobility gymnastic sticks, which have replaced traditional exercises from the Pilates and yoga systems; exercises aimed at activating the myofascial lines of the body; exercises for developing explosive strength; and myofascial release exercises, which have replaced traditional stretching exercises. The author's methodology for the individual training of qualified goalkeepers in football was designed for 4 morphocycles during the preparatory period by the training camp schedule based on the competition calendar. The use of fitness means allowed for conducting individual sessions to improve goalkeepers' functional and physical fitness in football.

Features of the construction of the training program dragon boat rowing at the initial stage of preparation

The article reveals ways to improve the physical training of rowing athletes at the stage of initial training in the preparatory period for rowing on Dragonboats. Training in rowing at the stage of initial training is aimed at the harmonious development of all the main motor qualities of the athlete. At the same time, the training of rowers at this stage should ensure the versatile development of physical qualities. It should be noted that the physical fitness of rowers is the main component of general fitness. It is also known that physical fitness is characterized by the level of functional capabilities of various body systems - cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular. Therefore, the fact that it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of physical qualities, which in turn will be aimed at improving the types of training necessary for an athlete, is so important. The purpose of the study: To analyze the activities of the State University of Secondary Education in rowing on the "Dragon" boats and the peculiarities of the construction of the training program on rowing on the Dragonboats at the initial stage of preparation. Methodology. An analysis of sports training was conducted on the basis of the Irpin State University of Dragonboat, in the period from May to July 2024, the work of coaches with groups of initial training, analysis of plans and documents was analyzed. In the experiment, 2 groups of primary training, approximately 20 children, were accepted to learn. The training plans, standards, and working programs of the coaches were analyzed. Conclusions: Methodically and correctly organized training sessions effectively improve the physical and functional readiness of young rowers, which not only contributes to the improvement of sports results, but also creates opportunities for a successful transition to training at the next stage of multi-year training. The use of training without taking into account the level of physical and functional fitness of athletes at the stage of preliminary basic training not only negatively affects the dynamics of sports results, but also the state of health of young men.

The Relationship between Inflammatory Factors, Hemoglobin, and VO2 Max in Male Amateur Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers in the Preparation Period

Background: Identifying factors affecting heart health in amateur athletes can significantly impact their health and help them achieve high performance. The current knowledge of these predictors is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to identify the biochemical determinants of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in male amateur long-distance cross-country skiers (37.9 ± 6.58 years, 51.08 ± 4.61 VO2 max ml/kg/min) in the preparation period. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a time trial test was used to determine VO2 max and venous blood via biochemical markers. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The regression model determined the predictors. Results: VO2 max was significantly correlated with nine moderate or weak variables. Two regression models (R2 = 0.94 and R2 = 0.9) each identified two determinants of VO2 max, hemoglobin (p &lt; 0.001) and C-reactive protein (p &lt; 0.001), as well as erythrocyte sedimentation (p &lt; 0.001) and platelets (p = 0.03). Only hemoglobin positive affected VO2 max. Conclusions: The results may indicate, in addition to results regarding hemoglobin concentration and its changes, the necessity to monitor the immune system, which may affect the capacity for amateur exercise. Biochemical monitoring is an essential tool for evaluating the individual adaptation to exercise and developing an effective training plan. The application of this knowledge can facilitate the achievement of optimal individual performance capabilities among cross-country skiing amateurs.

The Effect of Four-Month Training on Biochemical Variables in Amateur Cross-Country Skiers.

Background/Objectives: Research on the effects of training on the health of amateur cross-country skiers remains limited, particularly on biochemical parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to assess such changes in response to four months of training for amateur cross-country skiers. Methods: Blood samples were collected after spring training in May (active rest) and in September at the end of the preparatory period. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of both measurements (initial and final). Results: Training in a group of amateur cross-country skiers exerts a statistically significant influence on the decrease in leukocyte count (thousand/µL) (p = 0.045) and the decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/dL) (p = 0.021). The other parameters did not show statistically significant changes. Conclusions: The change in MCHC and WBC can be attributed to adaptation to prolonged exercise, with a simultaneous increase in VO2 max. It should not be identified with pathology. The decrease in MCHC was likely attributable to changes in hydration status and a slight reduction in hemoglobin concentration. Similarly, it is recommended that other biochemical parameters be within the reference ranges.

Analysis of Early Surgical Treatment of Incorrectly Consolidated Gunshot Fractures of the Scapula

Objective. The objective of our study was to analyze the structure of incorrectly consolidated gunshot fractures of the scapula and early outcomes of surgical treatment. Material and Methods. We analyzed 10 cases of incorrectly consolidated gunshot fractures of the scapula in Ukrainian Armed Forces servicemen, received as a result of combat operations, and early outcomes of surgical treatment. The main indications for surgical treatment were as follows: severe impairment of function of the upper limb due to pain, fractures of the articular surface of the scapula with displacement of fragments over 2 mm, fractures of the acromion with displacement of more than 8 mm, and damages to muscles and skin. In addition to radiography in standard projections, preoperative examination included computed tomography (CT). Evaluation of functional outcomes was carried out within 1 to 4 months according to the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) scale. The average period of postoperative survey was 2.6 months. Results. Incorrect consolidation of fractures was caused by a long period of preoperative preparation and conservative treatment of wounds in patients due to openness and infection of bullet wounds in 2 patients and shrapnel wounds because of mortar, artillery, tank and rocket attacks in 8 patients. Staged treatment until wound healing was carried out in hospitals and military hospitals of Ukraine using VAC (Vacuum-Assisted Closure) devices. Four cases were right-sided and six were left-sided; 7 of 10 cases were intra-articular fractures with displacement of fragments of the articular surface by 2 mm or more. The average duration of injury at the time of surgery was 4.2 months (range from 2 to 8 months). In addition to eliminating displacements and deformities of incorrectly consolidated fractures and osteosynthesis of fragments, the treatment included replacing the soft tissue defect of the shoulder and shoulder girdle with a non-free thoracodorsal musculocutaneous flap on a neurovascular pedicle in 3 of 10 patients. Seven patients had an isolated wound to the scapula area. Three of 10 patients had a combined wound to the scapula with a defect of the humeral head, upper third of the humerus, and acromial end of the clavicle. These patients underwent implantation of an articulating spacer, restoration of the configuration of the proximal end of the humerus, and reconstruction of the rotator muscles to make possible the shoulder joint arthroplasty. The average value according to the results of a survey of patients on the OSS scale was 20.2 (±4.39) points before surgery and 34.1 (±7.56) points after surgery, which can be considered a good result according to the OSS scoring system. Conclusions. The analysis of the early outcomes showed that reconstructive treatment of gunshot old fractures of the scapula creates biomechanical prerequisites for restoring the function of the upper limb, reduces pain syndrome, and allows for active postoperative rehabilitation.

Types, frequencies and burden of health problems in elite luge athletes: a 46-week prospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is a research gap in the survey of injuries and illnesses in the sport of luge.ObjectiveTo analyse the type, frequency and burden of injuries and illnesses that occurred over...

Training for Elite Team-Pursuit Track Cyclists-Part II: A Comparison of Preparation Phases in Consecutive World-Record-Breaking Seasons.

To compare the training characteristics of an elite team pursuit cycling squad in the 3-month preparation phases prior to 2 successive world-record (WR) performances. Training data of 5 male track endurance cyclists (mean [SD]; age 23.4 [3.46]y; body mass 80.2 [2.74]kg; 4.5 [0.17]W·kg-1 at LT2; maximal aerobic power6.2 [0.27]W·kg-1; maximal oxygen uptake 65.9 [2.89]mL·kg-1·min-1) were analyzed with weekly total training volume by training type and heart rate, power output, and torque intensity distributions calculated with reference to the respective WRs' performance requirements. Athletes completed 805 (82.81) and 725 (68.40)min·wk-1 of training, respectively, in each season. In the second season, there was a 32% increase in total track volume, although track sessions were shorter (ie,greater frequency) in the second season. A pyramidal intensity distribution was consistent across both seasons, with 81% of training, on average, performed below LT1 power output each week, whereas 6% of training was performed above LT2. Athletes accumulated greater volume above WR team pursuit lead power (2.4% vs 0.9%) and torque (6.2% vs 3.2%) in 2019. In one athlete, mean single-leg-press peak rate of force development was 71% and 46% higher at mid- and late-phases, respectively, during the preparation period. These findings provide novel insights into the common and contrasting methods contributing to successive WR team pursuit performances. Greater accumulation of volume above race-specific power and torque (eg,team pursuit lead), as well as improved neuromuscular force-generating capacities, may be worthy of investigation for implementation in training programs.

Research and Application of Flexible Fracturing Manifold in Volumetric fracturing

Abstract In order to solve the problems of high pressure pipe valves in Volumetrictric fracturing, such as large demand of high pressure pipe and valve parts, high pressure manifold for fracturing complex connection, fracturing pipeline connections are complex, long fracturing construction preparation period. The economy and timeliness of pipeline connection seriously affect the speed and efficiency of Volumetrictric fracturing operations. This paper designed and developed the high pressure flexible composite pipe and carried out its performance evaluation test. Combined with Volumetrictric fracturing operation conditions, supporting functional modular manifold system, overcome flexible pipeline and rigid pipeline fast connection technology, flexible fracturing manifold system was formed. Through the large-scale field application in the unconventional reservoir Volumetric fracturing field, The flexible fracturing manifold is compared with the conventional high-pressure pipe valve connection and the single pipe universal connection, the flexible fracturing manifold can reduce the use of high-pressure pipe valves by 1/3, increase the efficiency of fracturing manifold connection by 50%, and reduce the labor intensity by 50%, enables efficient, reduce high pressure manifold connection points by 70%. The timeliness and safety of fracturing manifold connections have been greatly improved. Flexible fracturing manifold fundamentally change the connection mode of Volumetrictric fracturing high-pressure manifold, and realizes the speed and efficiency of reservoir transformation.

청년창업가의 개인역량과 창업준비수준이 창업성과에 미치는 영향 요인 연구 : 창업컨설팅의 조절효과 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of young entrepreneurs' individual competency and start-up preparation level on start-up performance and the moderating effect on the reliability and satisfaction of start-up consulting. To this end, 190 surveys collected for young entrepreneurs living across the country were used for empirical analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using SPSS v28.0. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that item selection and start-up preparation period had a significant effect on start-up performance, which is a dependent variable among young entrepreneurs' individual competencies, and it was found that start-up funds did not significantly affect start-up performance among individual competencies in leadership competency, technological innovation competency, and start-up preparation level. Second, the moderating effect, consulting reliability and satisfaction, was found to partially control the individual competency and start-up performance of young entrepreneurs, and there was no moderating effect between the start-up preparation level and start-up performance of young entrepreneurs. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the individual competency and start-up preparation level of young entrepreneurs are important variables as they affect start-up performance. The results of these studies are hoped to be helpful to young entrepreneurs preparing for start-ups and policy makers for start-up support in customized policies for fostering young entrepreneurs.

Based on Sportomics: Comparison of Physiological Status of Collegiate Sprinters in Different Pre-Competition Preparation Periods.

This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-competition training by comparing the differences of collegiate sprinters in physiological state between strengthening and tapering training period by sportomics and combining their sport performance. Fifteen collegiate sprinters were investigated or tested on their body composition, dietary habits, energy expenditure, sleep efficiency, heart rate and respiratory rate during training, blood (blood cells, biochemical and immune markers) and urine (urinalysis), gut microbiome distribution, microbiome and blood metabolites, and their functions during the strengthening (Group A) and tapering training period (Group B) prior to competing in the national competitions. We found that 26.67% of sprinters achieved personal bests (PB) after the competition. The limb skeletal muscle mass and lymphocyte ratio of male sprinters in Group B were lower than those in Group A, and the serum creatine kinase (CK) level was higher than Group A (p < 0.05). The levels of serum CK, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and urine-specific gravity (SG) of the two groups were higher than the upper limit of the reference value. The detection rates of urine white blood cell (WBC) and protein in Group B were higher than those in Group A. The gut microbiome health index (GMHI) of Group A was higher than that of Group B, and the microbial dysbiosis index was lower than that of Group B. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) in Group A was higher than that in Group B. There were 65 differential metabolites in the A/B group, and the enriched pathway was mainly the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (up); B/T cell receptor signaling pathway (up); Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (up); phenylalanine metabolism (up); and growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action (up). There were significant differences in blood metabolites between the A and B groups, with a total of 89 differential metabolites, and the enriched pathway was mainly the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (up), T cell receptor signaling pathway (up), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (up), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (down). In conclusion, the imbalance of the gut microbiome and inflammation and immune-related metabolites of collegiate sprinters during the pre-competition tapering training period may be the cause of their limited sports performance.

Lifestyle Measurement of Junior Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Food, Cigarette, and Alcohol Consumption in Sumedang, West Java

Sedentary lifestyles, such as consuming foods high in energy, protein, carbohydrates, and fat, sleeping less than 8 hours, smoking and drink an alcohol can approximately double the risk of obesity and hypertension. These factors can affect nutritional status and impact physical fitness and achievement in junior athletes. This study aims to identify the lifestyle and nutritional status of junior athletes aged 11-24 years during the match preparation period. The sample consisted of 110 junior athletes in Sumedang, West Java. This research using a cross-sectional approach. Results showed that the average athlete in Sumedang Regency consumed 2,035 Kcal daily, with male athletes consuming 2,218.8 Kcal and female athletes consuming 1,797.7 Kcal. More than half of the male athletes (64.5%) are smoked but did not consume an alcohol (95.2%). On other hand, most of female athletes neither smoke (85.4%) nor consume an alcohol. The data also shows there is a significant (p-value &amp;lt; 0.05) consumption among male and female athletes on cigarette consumption. Findings indicate that athletes did not meet the nutritional intake adequate even for normal individuals, while athletes require a higher nutritional adequacy due to their intensive training regimens. Athletes in Sumedang Regency are not meeting their nutritional needs and engage in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, which may affect their physical fitness and performance. These lifestyle factors need to be addressed to improve their nutritional status and overall athletic performance.

Reverse periodization in ultratrail: The road to the 2023 World Mountain and Trail Running Championships of an elite female ultrarunner

Introduction and Purpose Traditionally, linear periodization has been widely applied to endurance training programs, whereas reverse periodization has been often used for shorter endurance events (Clemente-Suárez et al., 2015; Clemente-Suárez et al., 2018; Clemente-Suárez &amp; Ramos-Campo, 2019) and fitness (Prestes et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to describe the training characteristics of a Spanish high-level female ultrarunner in her preparation to the 2023 World Mountain and Trail Running Championships using a reverse linear periodization model. Methods Day-by-day data training of 1 study subject for 29 weeks (from November 2022 to June 2023) was retrospectively analyzed. Training form (endurance, strength or complementary sessions), intensity (low-, moderate-, and high-intensity training), intensity distribution, exercise endurance mode (cycling, elliptical, running or trail running) and specific exercise mode goal session (running uphill, running flat, running downhill, hiking or mixed) were considered. Specific sessions, key competitions, tapering, hypoxia period and periodization were also analyzed. Results An average training of 8 hr and 53 min per week, covering 87.2 km and 3,755 m of altitude gain, was completed. The hardest week consisted of 14 hr and 58 min, 145 km, and 7,552 m of altitude gain. Distribution percentage of the training form of total training time was ~60% of running, ~17% cross training (mainly road cycling) and ~11% of strength training. Intensity distribution varied considering specificity and characteristics of the main races, progressing from more polarized to pyramidal pattern distribution. Moreover, running volume increased during the preparation period and more specific sessions and with mixed specific exercise modes was realized close to the main races, with the longest trail run of 4 hr 18 min of duration. Training in hypoxia was also completed, and tapering started 12 days before the world championship. In addition to the World Championship, National Championship races were held during the preparation period, where a 4th and a 3rd place in the Marathon (February 2023) and Ultratrail (April 2023) National Championships, respectively, was achieved. Discussion Reverse periodization has been successfully implemented in an elite female ultrarunner, finishing 11th in the 2023 World Mountain and Trail Running Championships. Reverse periodization was planned and completed, mainly considering volume and tendency of distribution, going from a polarized pattern to a pyramidal one. Moreover, overall planning and key sessions progressed in specificity, developing more rolling-hill trail runs, longer trail runs, longer longest trail run of the week, and more specific exercise modes (i.e. more hiking and mixed sessions vs flats runs) along the macrocycle. Conclusion Training specificity in trail running, considering race intensity, exercise mode and race characteristics (i.e., elevation gain and distance) progressed during the macrocycle. Reverse periodization can be successfully implemented in ultratrail running by focusing on specific training and race demands, especially close to the main races.

Современные тенденции репродуктивных потерь в Хабаровском крае

Abstract The relevance of the problem. Demographic processes are an urgent problem for the Far East and the Khabarovsk Krai. The objective of this study was to examine current trends in reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai in comparison with data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. Material and research methods. The comparative analysis method is used in the article. The source of information was publications in Russian scientific journals and monographs, the data obtained from the official web sites of Rossstat of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Krai, as well as statistical materials published by the Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai for 2019–2022. For the period of preparation of the material, the data of Russia's Rosstat for 2023 on maternal and infant mortality in the official access was not available. Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality, as well as stillbirth in the context of federal districts, subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Khabarovsk Krai in 2019–2022 has shown that in all 4 indicators the most disadvantaged in the Russian Federation are the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, as well as the North-West Federal District (except for the infant mortality rate). In the Far Eastern Federal District, the most disadvantaged subjects in terms of all indicators were the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and the Trans -Baikal Territory, as well as the Kamchatka Oblast (with the exception of an indicator of stillbirth). The Khabarovsk Krai in all aspects has got the middle position. In the Khabarovsk Krai, special attention is required in terms of stillborn and perinatal mortality of Okhotsk and Nikolaevsky-on-Amur municipal areas. Conclusions. The study of reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai allows us to determine the risks and priorities for the development of demographic processes. The analysis has shown that the region took a middle position in terms of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality rates in 2019–2022 compared to data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. At the same time, during the study period, there was a sharp increase in maternal mortality from 6.93 cases in 2019 to 15.5 cases in 2022 per 100,000 births, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of health authorities and medical organizations in preventing it.

MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE DUE TO RUPTURE OF A RIGHT ILIAC ANEURYSM REVEALING BEHCET'S DISEASE: A CASE REPORT FROM THE FESTOC CENTER IN BAMAKO

INTRODUCTION: Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder. It is clinically characterized by oral and genital aphthoses; skin lesions and systemic manifestations. Arterial aneurysms are defined as a loss of parallelism of the arterial walls, localized to an arterial segment, and corresponding to an increase of at least 50% of the normal arterial diameter. We report a case of Behcet's disease revealed by a ruptured aneurysm of the right primitive iliac artery. OBSERVATION: This was a 44-year-old patient with no known history, referred for management of a right inguinal mass that had progressively increased in volume and had been evolving for about 1 month. On admission, the physical examination revealed conjunctival pallor, a pulsatile right inguinal mass approximately 10 cm in diameter, and a suppurating sore on the scrotum. Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs revealed an aneurysm of the right common iliac artery. The aneurysm ruptured during the short preparation period for surgery, resulting in cataclysmic hemorrhage. This prompted manual compression and the transfusion of several packed red blood cells. During transport to the OR, the patient experienced hemorrhagic shock and altered consciousness, prompting the administration of drugs (noradrenaline) and emergency orotracheal intubation. The aneurysm was controlled upstream and downstream by approaching the right primitive iliac artery, followed by dissection and clamping after general heparinization. The common femoral artery was then approached and checked. Surgical exploration revealed numerous clots which were evacuated, revealing a large neck extending over 7 cm. The procedure involved reconstruction of the common femoral artery with a patch saphenous graft and excision of the necrotic tissue. The post-operative course was marked by suppuration of the surgical wound, which progressed well with appropriate antibiotics and local care. CONCLUSION: Arterial involvement in Behçet's disease manifests as arterial thrombosis or, more frequently, aneurysm. This is due to inflammation of the media, intima and vasa vasorum. Their management can be envisaged in our context.